京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24951号 / 地環博第242号 / 新制||地環||48(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 星野 敏, 准教授 鬼塚 健一郎, 教授 西前 出 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Microsporidia exploit several targets for binding to host cells. Attachment is known to be an important first step before infection, and by blocking attachment, host cell infection decreases. This project seeks to determine if microsporidia use an ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) like protein to bind to host integrins. To test this, spore adherence assays employed a small, generated peptide that selected the integrin binding domain of the ADAM like protein. Afterwards, spore attachment to cell culture was quantified to determine if the peptide blocked spore attachment to cell monolayers. This project expands previous work by testing attachment of an additional microsporidia species. Finally, cell lysates pretreated with the peptide were screened for phosphorylation of FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase), a common signaling pathway for activated integrins. Preliminary results suggest that microsporidial ADAM peptides bind to host cell integrins to decrease spore adherence and induce host cell signaling under the FAK pathway.

The study aims at finding reasons for teenagers’ involvement in crime in Sätra in Gävle, Sweden. Using a semi-structured interview method via Zoom of four participants who are involved with teenager who are into crime, the study sets out to answer the question about factors in the environment and community that leads teenagers into crime in Sätra. The findings were in line with the theoretical framework which was the Social Bonds theory, which has four components namely: attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief. UsingATLAS.ti as a tool for analysis. Themes were created from the interview responses and the themes were analyzed based on previous research and chosen theory. In conclusion, these four components of the Social Bonds theory help explain the reasons for teenagers’ involvement in crime.

In this study, we attempt to test whether more mechanics cause players to become more attached to a simulated pet over time. In order to find this out, we created a pet simulator game, split it into four versions with different levels of interaction for the player, going from no interaction to three discrete interactions. We had four groups of participants play the game for five consecutive days. In concert with this, the participants answered several surveys. The first was to establish their baseline attachment to the simulated pet and was delivered at the start of the study. The second and third were delivered at the end of the study, the second survey to characterise their attachment style and the third was a repeat of the first survey, allowing us to see what, if anything, had changed in their relationship to the simulated pet. Finally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with some participants whose responses were outlier or otherwise interesting. Our findings suggested loosely that the more interactions, the more likely a player forms an attachment but also that no interactions causes attachment to degrade over time.

The present study explores the origins of fear of intimacy, specifically assessing parental involvement and attachment style. Correlations between each variable were analyzed and a mediation model was explored as well. Participants in this study (N = 372; mean age = 25.78; 86% female) completed scales to measure parental care, parental overprotection, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Data was analyzed to reveal correlational results that support the hypotheses. Negative correlations were found between parental care and attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Parental overprotection was positively correlated with attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and fear of intimacy. Both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were positively correlated with fear of intimacy. Additionally, a mediation model assessed the extent to which attachment mediated the relationship between parenting and fear of intimacy. Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety were both found to be partial mediators in this relationship; however, avoidance did not mediate when parental overprotection was considered the independent variable. These results link childhood experiences and adult relationships in a way that brings new light to the importance of parenting and attachment in shaping adult experiences. Results also make way for personal, clinical, and professional applications in the fields of education, parenting, and mental health.

No description available.

The FSMA Produce Safety Rule (PSR) requires citrus packers to more closely assess, manage, and monitor food safety risks. Although there have been no foodborne illness outbreaks and only one recall in fresh citrus, the risk of pathogens coming in on the fruit and cross contamination during washing still exists. Packhouses have dynamic washing systems and in-plant validations may be the only way to demonstrate compliance with the PSR. In-plant validations use surrogates in place of pathogens, and none have been identified or validated for citrus. The aim of this research was to identify a surrogate for use in fresh citrus packhouses. Potential surrogates were screened for free chlorine resistance, survival under commercial storage conditions, and shedding and attachment characteristics during simulated washing. E. faecium NRRL B-2354 and P. pentosaceus NRRL B-14009 were selected for further study. Resistance to chlorine was not significantly different between E. faecium and L. monocytogenes FSL J1-031 when exposed to 3 ppm free chlorine for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s at 20 and 100 ppm TSB (pE. faecium and P. pentosaceus behavior was significantly different than L. monocytogenes (p=0.05), indicating that neither is a suitable surrogate. In shedding and attachment, either the fruit (shedding) or water (attachment) was inoculated, washing was simulated, and organisms were enumerated from the water (shedding) or fruit (attachment). Both potential surrogates were statistically different than L. monocytogenes (pE. faecium can be used for L. monocytogenes shedding estimates and E. faecium and P. pentosaceus can be used for attachment estimates. Overall, this research suggests that E. faecium NRRL B-2354 can be considered as a surrogate for L. monocytogenes in whole, fresh citrus validation studies on chlorinated washes and – with appropriate adjustments – on shedding and attachment characteristics.

John Bowlby’s work on attachment theory in the 1960s altered the cultural understanding of parent-child relationships. Bowlby argued that the ability for an individual to form attachments later in life, be that familial, romantic, or friendship is affected by whether or not that individual formed a strong attachment to a primary caregiver in early childhood. My thesis uses Bowlby’s theory as a critical lens to examine three novels by the Brontës: Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Brontë. I use this theory in order to demonstrate that these novels are what I have termed proto-attachment narratives, which is to say narratives about attachment before formal attachment theory existed, and, further, that they work to bridge the gap between the contemporary nineteenth-century debate on child rearing and Bowlby’s theory. In addition, I discuss how each of these novels exemplifies, complicates, and expands upon Bowlby’s theory in its own way. Wuthering Heights demonstrates the cyclical nature of damaged attachments and works to find a way to break from that cycle. Jane Eyre gives a clear understanding of an individual’s lifelong struggle with failed attachments and the importance of a balanced power dynamic to forming healthy attachments, and, finally, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall examines how even properly formed, healthy parent-child attachments can lead to development problems, if the power granted to those parental attachment figure is not used responsibly. I further theorize that we can use these novels as a starting point to discuss how we might define attachment narratives as a genre, as they hold many similarities with more clearly defined modern attachment narratives.

Infants enter this world relying on caregivers to nurture and protect them. Through this reliance, infants develop an attachment to their caregivers, thus setting the stage for how a child comes to view the world and the people in it. This study sought to further explore attachment behaviors through observation of a voluntary parent education course offered through the Early Learning Coalition of Orange County. Data were collected three times over the course of the nine week program on four mother-infant dyads. Across the three mothers who were present for at least two observations, negative behaviors decreased between the first and final observations; however, positive behaviors were observed, but less conclusive. The results of this study can be used to improve the current early intervention program, as well as those in the future.

Although previous research has identified a relationship between insecure attachment styles and symptoms of depression and anxiety, evidence regarding the mechanisms of action driving this relationship has been lacking. Consequently, the current study examined the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between insecure attachment styles (i.e. anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, helpless-disorganized and frightened-disorganized) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The current study included a sample of 182 participants (i.e., 87 men and 95 women) who completed six questionnaires that assessed each participants' relationship with their caregivers during their childhood, present symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their resilience. Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships among the variables being studied. The formation of an insecure attachment during childhood predicted significantly symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood in both men and women. More specifically, the relationship between anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent with symptoms of depression was partially mediated by resilience for men. There were no significant mediation for symptoms of anxiety for me. Within the women population, resilience served as a partial mediator in the relationship between anxious-ambivalent attachment and depression as well as in the relationship between frightened-disorganized attachment and anxiety. Such findings suggested that resilience could act as a protective factor against symptoms of depression and anxiety. These results demonstrated the importance for promoting resilience, especially for individuals who formed insecure attachments during childhood. The importance of studying the relationships among these variables is discussed further.