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Bakgrund: I Sverige har intresset för att investera i hållbara fonder ökat rejält de senaste åren och med detta följer också en stor ökning i utbudet av hållbara fonder. Känt sedan tidigare är också att det råder en definitionsproblematik på ämnet som adderar komplexitet till marknaden, detta då hållbarhet i sig är svårdefinierat. Indikationer visar att det kan råda en skillnad mellan andelen människor som är intresserade av att investera hållbart och de som faktiskt gör det. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att slå fast huruvida det råder ett attitude-behaviour gap på marknaden för hållbara fonder. Vidare ämnar uppsatsen att uppskatta storleken på fondförmögenheten som finns i svenska hållbara fonder, detta för att få en bättre bild av marknaden och dess omfång. Till sist vill uppsatsförfattarna på villkoret att det råder ett attitude-behaviour gap undersöka de faktorer som kan tänkas föranleda det. Genomförande: För att kunna genomföra studien och besvara dess frågeställningar har två kvantitativa samt en kvalitativ metod använts. De kvantitativa delarna har genomförts med dels en enkät för att slå fast huruvida det finns ett attitude-behaviour gap samt databaser med fonddata där syftet har varit att slå fast mängden kapital som finns allokerat till svenska hållbara fonder. Den kvalitativa delen har genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade-intervjuer med främst privatpersoner men också en expert på området. Slutsats: Studien har slagit fast att det råder ett attitude-behaviour gap på svenska marknaden för hållbara fonder. Vidare har slutsatsen dragits att det ej går att fastslå mängden kapital placerat i svenska hållbara fonder, detta med motiveringen att definitionsproblematiken och brist på vedertagna tredjepartsmärkningar gör det alltför osäkert. Slutligen har studien kommit fram till en rad olika faktorer som ligger till grund för attitude-behaviour gapet, bland dessa framträder oro kring avkastning, definitionsproblematik, kunskap och information som de mest avgörande. / Background: The interest in sustainable mutual funds and the supply of them has rapidly grown in Sweden during the last years. It is previously known that there is a problem with the definition of what a sustainable mutual fund is, which adds a layer of complexity to the market. Indications shows that there might be a discrepancy between the number of people that are interested in sustainable mutual funds and those who buys them. Purpose: The aim with this study is to determine whether an attitude-behaviour gap exists on the market for sustainable mutual funds. Furthermore, the study intends to estimate the amount of capital invested in the Swedish market for sustainable funds, that is to broader the perspective of the market and its size. Finally, if there is an existing attitude- behaviour gap, the authors want to examine the factors behind the gap. Completion: To be able to carry out the study, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used. The quantitative parts were made with both a survey to determine whether there is an attitude-behaviour gap and data collection concerning the amount of capital allocated to Swedish sustainable mutual funds. The qualitative part has been carried out with the help of semi-structured interviews with mainly private savers but also an expert in the field. Conclusion: The study has established that there is an attitude-behaviour gap in the Swedish market for sustainable funds. Furthermore, the conclusion has been drawn that it is not possible to determine the amount of capital invested in Swedish sustainable mutual funds, the reason being that the definition problem and the lack of accepted third- party labels make it too uncertain. Finally, the study has come up with several different factors that form the underlying reasons of the attitude behaviour gap, concerns about yield, definition problems, knowledge and information as the most crucial.

The importance attached to preparing graduates for a role on an international stage has become increasingly recognised by U.K. higher education institutions and by successive U.K. governments in recent years. At the same time, the contribution that enterprising individuals make to an economy has also gained in importance, but the answer to the question of what makes an 'enterprising individual' is still uncertain. This thesis investigates whether internationally mobile students develop or enhance certain entrepreneurial attitudes through a study or work placement period abroad and, if so, why certain attitudes may have developed or been positively enhanced by a prolonged exposure abroad. I have also considered the impact that such a sojourn has on the entrepreneurial intent and behaviour of graduates. I have followed a concurrent mixed method approach using a group of mobile students and, as a control group, students who do not undertake mobility during their degree. The results indicate that there is little difference in certain entrepreneurial attitudes between the two groups before mobility, but that the mobile students show a higher degree of (positive) change in some entrepreneurial attitudes than the non-mobile students after mobility. There are a range of factors from the international sojourn that could account for this change. The results imply that, along with other benefits of international education, an international sojourn contributes to developing potential entrepreneurial behaviour, as evidenced by the careers and activities of internationally mobile graduates. This thesis contributes to the existing body of knowledge in the fields of international education and entrepreneurship in a number of ways. Firstly it provides more insight into the entrepreneurial behaviour of graduates who have studied abroad. Secondly, my results add to the debate about what differentiates a mobile student from a non-mobile student. Thirdly, my research findings support the assertion that student mobility brings benefits (both to an individual and to the economy) by turning anecdotal indicators and suppositions about the benefits into more concrete and substantial evidence. Fourthly, and finally, through using a mixed method approach I have extended the to-date narrow focus of much of the research into the area of student mobility to provide an atypical approach to investigating international education benefits.

In this thesis we examine the prevailing dilemma concerning fast fashion and an increased attitude-behaviour gap. Many previous studies have explored the subject of fast fashion and also tried to solve the problem with the attitude-behaviour gap. We want to take this a step further by investigating what influence fast fashion may have on consumers' perception of value. By exploring this we hope to gain further knowledge concerning the attitude-behavior gap.Our focus is on young female consumers, since previous studies show the likelihood of the gap between intent and action being the largest in this consumer group. To a certain extent it can be explained by their frequent purchase of fast fashion, but also the fact that younger consumers are more influenced by fashion press and celebrity culture. This study is foremost based on qualitative research and is completed with the use of two focus groups, as well as a more quantitative research in the form of a content analysis of the Swedish fashion magazine, Sofis Mode. The study has a deductive approach.The theoretical perspectives consist of theories concerning value; value in relation to price and the concept of value. We also present a redefined model of perceived value. The results show evidence of increased focus and exposure of low priced fashion and that the low perceived monetary price has a significant impact of consumers‟ perceived value of clothing. The focus on selling low price instead of value inclines that clothes have lost its intrinsic value, as a result making clothes easily replaceable. Our study further shows a smaller attitude-behaviour gap among consumers with a high knowledge of textiles and textile production. / Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing

Road traffic accidents have become ‘hidden epidemics’ across the world and have posed a substantial health and economic burden to many developing nations. In 2006, Ghana spent US$ 165 million (1.6% of GDP) on accident management. On average, five (5) people die and several others are injured on the country’s roads daily. In about 95% of road traffic crashes in the country, human factors have been implicated. Available evidence indicates that the casualty rate is on the rise in many parts of the country. However, little attempts have been made to understand the individual and situational determinants of road traffic crashes among drivers and pedestrians. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this research investigated drivers and pedestrians’ opinions about their traffic risk perception, attitudes and behaviour and their relationship with motor vehicle crashes with the overall goal of identifying and describing the proximal and distal factors of accident causation in the Manya Krobo area. Two sub-studies make up the content of the present research: The first study explored the individual and situational determinants of aberrant driving and traffic crashes among commercial drivers of passenger-carrying minibuses. Challenging working conditions, road rage behaviours, inadequate driver training, bad road infrastructure and equipment, and passenger distractions were among the reasons described for dangerous driving. Other motivations were risk-taking propensity, fatalism, and ineffective traffic law enforcement. In the second study, pedestrian road use attitudes and behaviour as well as their travel experiences in relation to pedestrian-vehicular crash involvements were investigated. The major behaviours reported to be influencing pedestrian-vehicle crashes included pedestrian-unfriendly road infrastructure, nearness of stores and supermarkets to major roads, risky pedestrian road use behaviour, aberrant driving, street hawking, parental negligence, and general disinterest in pedestrian law enforcement. Given the importance these findings may have for central government, road planners, and safety officials; discussions have been made and recommendations for accident countermeasures have been put forward. Keywords: Ghana; Pedestrians; Commercial drivers; Risk perception; Attitude; Behaviour; Streethawking; Driving apprenticeship

ADHD is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders, with symptoms that are frequently displayed in the school environment. Past studies have measured teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards ADHD, but very few studies have aimed to change teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour through the implementation of an intervention. The goal of the present study was to determine if a web-based medium is an effective tool for supporting knowledge, attitude, and behaviour change in teachers of elementary school children with ADHD. Teachers (n = 20) from Nova Scotia were recruited through word of mouth. Of these participants, 19 completed a 7-week intervention that consisted of presentations, web-links and discussion board activities related to different aspects of ADHD. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour were measured pre- and post-intervention. Teachers’ knowledge improved from pre- to post-intervention (p = 0.03). In terms of attitudes, although there was no change on the overall measure of attitude, there was a significant change on the Lack of Control (p = 0.001) and Perceived Competence (p = 0.000) subscales. A measure of teacher behaviour toward ADHD did not significantly change. Participants agreed that the content was presented in a way that was usable and easy to understand, the links and discussion board functions were useful, and they learned something new from each of the sessions. The study demonstrated that a web-based medium is a useful tool for knowledge creation and translation and has potential as a means of providing professional development to teachers about ADHD.

Modebranschen är i ständig förändring. Den härda konkurrens som idag existerar i industrin sätter press på̊ företag, samtidigt är den moderna kunden ombytlig. Därmed blir relationen mellan kund och företag allt viktigare utifrån ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. För att skapa en relation mellan kund och företag väljer många företag därför att etablera kundklubbar. Kundklubbar kan även ses som ett effektivt sätt att påverka sina kunders köpbeteende och verka som attiydförändrare. Etiska och sociala avseenden blir allt viktigare för konsumenten, något som bekräftas i studien. Kunders köpbeteende kan förklaras med att det finns ett gap mellan attityd och agerande i en köpsituation, ett så kallat attitude-behaviour gap. Flera dimensioner finns i förklaringen till detta gap. Störst fokus ligger på̊ konsumentens bristande kunskap om hållbarhet vilket studien visar. Följande studie har undersökt värdet av kundklubbar ur både företagets och kundens perspektiv i en fast-fashion kontext. Genom intervjuer, fokusgrupp samt en enkät kunde frågeställningen besvaras och bekräftas. Utbildning av personal och Event Driven Marketing (EDM) i form av riktad marknadsföring är centrala lösningar som genomsyrar studiens resultat, vilket kan minska gapet. Genom utbildning kan företag effektivisera kommunikationen till kunden. Studien visar att en fortsatt implementering av EDM i kundklubben skapar ett ökat förtroende och lojalitet från kund till företag. Studien visar även att en kundklubb kan vara en effektiv marknadsföringskanal och fungera som ett verktyg för attitydförändring. En kundklubb utgör ett värde som nödvändigtvis inte behöver resultera i ett lojalitetsskapande men verka som attitydförändrare.

Introduktion: Utbrottet av Covid-19 pandemin har lett till förändrade vanor och beteenden. Det framhålls att konsumenter blir alltmer miljömedvetna samtidigt som hushållen är den sektor där mest matsvinn uppstår. Författarna har via redan existerande forskning funnit att uppkomsten av matsvinn har förändrats i hushållen som påföljd av Covid-19 pandemin i andra länder. Forskning på huruvida det har påverkat uppkomsten av matsvinn i Sverige existerar inte i dagsläget.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en disruptiv händelse som en global pandemi påverkar den upplevda förändringen i uppkomsten matsvinn hos svenska konsumenter. Vidare syftar studien till att identifiera och analysera konsumenters förändring i inköp av livsmedel till följd av Covid-19 pandemin. Studien ämnar att undersöka konsumenters miljömedvetenhet och om det finns några attityd-beteendegap för matsvinn och hållbara livsmedel.  Metod: Denna fallstudie av induktiv karaktär har en kvalitativ forskningsdesign. Den empiriska datainsamlingen består av 13 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska konsumenter.  Slutsats: Studiens datainsamling visar att det föreligger förändringar i konsumenters inköp av livsmedel innan och under covid-19 pandemin. Faktorer till uppkomsten av matsvinn har visat liten skillnad innan och under Covid-19 pandemin. Fortsättningsvis visar resultatet att konsumenter inte agerar i enlighet med sina attityder om hållbara livsmedel. Samtliga konsumenter anser att matsvinn är ett miljöproblem men det finns diskrepanser mellan deras attityder och beteenden. / Introduction: Food waste is a complex problem which affects the environment, the economy and social factors. The outbreak of the Covid-19 virus has led to dramatic changes in habits and behaviours. It is accentuated that consumers are more and more environmentally aware but at the same time the consumer household is the sector where most of all food waste emerges. The following study has, through already existing research conducted in other countries, found that the occurrence of food waste has been altered. Research about the changes in food waste emergence caused by the Corona pandemic in Sweden does not exist by the time of this investigation.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how a disruptive event such as a global pandemic affects the perceived alteration of food waste emergence produced by Swedish consumers. Furthermore, this study aims to identify and analyze the altered buying process of daily goods caused by the Corona pandemic. The paper also intends to study the environmental awareness of the consumers and if there exists any attitude behaviour gaps in food waste and sustainable food products.  Method: This case-study is of an inductive character and has a quantitative research nature. The empirical data collection consists of thirteen semi-structured interviews with Swedish consumers.  Conclusion: From the data collection of the study, it is found that there exist changes in the consumers’ food buying behaviours before and during the pandemic. Causes for the perceived emergence of food waste have shown small changes before and during Covid-19. Further, the result shows the consumers do not behave in accordance with their attitudes towards sustainable products. Every consumer considers food waste to be an environmental problem however there exists discrepancies between their attitudes and behaviours.

Introduction: Recent trends have shown a steady growth regarding environmental concerns along with the pro-environmental attitudes among the consumers, yet a contradicting behaviour is observed in the purchase of environmentally friendly products, giving birth to the phenomena of attitude-behaviour gap. A fair amount of researchers have studied this attitude-behaviour gap over the recent years, investigating this very inconsistency in order to present a solution. This specific study is based on the findings of Davari & Strutton in relation to this attitudebehavior gap, where the researchers presented a simplified model of their study as an effort in overcoming this inconsistency. This specific study is based on the simplified model, where the research unearths the effect of green marketing mix elements on four dimensions of consumerbased brand equity with Swedish Generation Y and clothing fashion industry in perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of green marketing mix elements (product, price, place and promotion) on dimensions of consumer-based brand equity (brand loyalty, brand association, brand trust and perceived brand quality). Methodology: The research is based on quantitative approach designed in respect with the explanatory purpose. A closed-end online questionnaire was designed as the data collection method, resulting in 127 responses. The results were based on the multiple regression analysis, while the validity was tested against pearson's correlation method and reliability was tested through cronbach’s alpha. Conclusion: The study did not measure significant results, where green product stands out as the only element on the green marketing-mix having a positive relationship on one consumerbased brand equity dimension in this case, brand loyalty. Whereas the other elements were concluded as having no significance. Even t

<p>Background: In Namibia, studies showed that HIV/AIDS affects youth, especially the under 24 years age group. At the same time the pregnancy rate is also high by age 19. Interestingly, in&nbsp / Andara district several reports from staff working in the reproductive services have indicated that adolescent girls, who would seem to be taking responsibility in one sphere of their sexual lives&nbsp / by protecting themselves against unwanted pregnancy, were however not using condoms to protect themselves from HIV infection. Study Aim and Objectives: To describe the knowledge, attitude and behaviour related to HIV/AIDS amongst female adolescents who are accessing the primary health care (PHC) services for contraception. Specific objectives were to describe the&nbsp / knowledge of female adolescents who are accessing the PHC services for contraception about the modes of transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS, to assess their attitude with regards to&nbsp / condom use, abstinence and being faithful to one uninfected partner, also to determine the significance of association between age and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour, between their&nbsp / education level and knowledge, attitudes and behaviour and the significance of association between knowledge of HIV prevention strategies and&nbsp / behaviour of female adolescents accessing&nbsp / &nbsp / PHC services for contraception in the district. Setting: The study was conducted in Andara district, North East of Namibia. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional KAB study. Sample: All female&nbsp / adolescents who are accessing PHC services for contraception selected from multistage simple random sampling in 5 facilities and systematic sampling at facility level in Andara. All married&nbsp / women within this age range were excluded in the study. Data collection tool: An interviewer-administered standardised questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis and&nbsp / Interpretations: Epi Info software 2002 was used for data analysis. The results were presented using descriptive statistics including means, 95% confidence intervals and percentages and&nbsp / this information was shown in tables, bar and pie charts. Cross-tabulations of knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores against demographic variables were performed. P-values &lt / 0.05 were&nbsp / &nbsp / considered statistically significant. Results: 76.5% knew that unprotected sexual intercourse was the main way of getting HIV/AIDS, 77.3% knew that people could protect themselves by&nbsp / abstaining from sexual intercourse and 64.5% knew that people could protect themselves by having one uninfected faithful sexual partner. Out of 192 respondents who stated that unprotected&nbsp / sexual intercourse was the main way of HIV/AIDS transmission, 25.5% used condom every time they had sexual intercourse, 10.9% used condom almost every time they had sex, 41.1% used&nbsp / condom sometimes and 22.4% never used condom. Older girls and those who were in higher grades at school had more knowledge that could protect them from HIV infection. Later sexual&nbsp / debut is associated with increased&nbsp / condom usage at sexual debut. Conclusions: The general HIV knowledge of respondents and their knowledge of how to&nbsp / protect themselves from HIV infection were disappointing given that this&nbsp / study was conducted in health facilities. In this study we also see that knowledge does not always translate into the appropriate behaviour. The health services need to evaluate the targeting and&nbsp / effectiveness of their HIV educational messages and develop skills that will support behaviour change.&nbsp / </p>