Introduction: Recent trends have shown a steady growth regarding environmental concerns along with the pro-environmental attitudes among the consumers, yet a contradicting behaviour is observed in the purchase of environmentally friendly products, giving birth to the phenomena of attitude-behaviour gap. A fair amount of researchers have studied this attitude-behaviour gap over the recent years, investigating this very inconsistency in order to present a solution. This specific study is based on the findings of Davari & Strutton in relation to this attitudebehavior gap, where the researchers presented a simplified model of their study as an effort in overcoming this inconsistency. This specific study is based on the simplified model, where the research unearths the effect of green marketing mix elements on four dimensions of consumerbased brand equity with Swedish Generation Y and clothing fashion industry in perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of green marketing mix elements (product, price, place and promotion) on dimensions of consumer-based brand equity (brand loyalty, brand association, brand trust and perceived brand quality). Methodology: The research is based on quantitative approach designed in respect with the explanatory purpose. A closed-end online questionnaire was designed as the data collection method, resulting in 127 responses. The results were based on the multiple regression analysis, while the validity was tested against pearson's correlation method and reliability was tested through cronbach’s alpha. Conclusion: The study did not measure significant results, where green product stands out as the only element on the green marketing-mix having a positive relationship on one consumerbased brand equity dimension in this case, brand loyalty. Whereas the other elements were concluded as having no significance. Even t

This is a comparative, qualitative study conducted through comparing three different companies that are in some extent using Green marketing in their marketing communication. The issue that this study addresses is the problematics connected to the use of green marketing. To address this problem, the purpose of this study will be to investigate how companies relates to the phenomena and how the attitudes differ between these. The thesis will target companies within the clothing and accessory industry and will furthermore investigate why the concerned companies choose to use green marketing. The empirical data collection consists out of interviews with key-persons that have a deep understanding of their respective company. Three beginning interviewees was performed and later on supplemented with a in-depth interview with representatives from each company’s market department. The selected interviewees are all representative for the respective companies attitudes in this thesis. The three companies compared in this thesis are Sandgrens Clogs, Houdini and Tenson. After conducting the interviews, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed, thereafter the empirical data collection could be compared to each other. Through the interviews we could distinguish three themes: Green marketing, Greenwashing and sustainability.The result from the thesis will provide an understanding of why companies choose to use green marketing. To get a deeper understanding, the thesis will also cover the different attitudes towards the phenomena green marketing and sustainability. Furthermore it will give an understanding of why and how Sandgrens Clogs, Houdini and Tenson uses green marketing in their market communication. Companies as well as consumers could gain from the awareness of the usage of green marketing that this thesis are contributing with.

Title: Implementation of Green Marketing Strategy inChina - A Study of the Green Food Industry Research Aim: Our research aim is to explore factors which influence Chinese consumers’ behavior, analyze marketing strategies of company we interviewed according to four Ps of conventional marketing mix, and finally put forward our own opinions about how green food companies use four Ps of conventional marketing mix to implement green marketing strategy in green food industry in China. Methodology: This thesis studies green marketing of green food industry inChina from two aspects, consumers and company we interviewed by conducting a mixed methods research. Quantitative and qualitative data are simultaneously from consumers and company though questionnaires and interviews survey respectively. Conclusion: Based on the analysis on Chinese consumers and the empirical materials collected from our interview with a green food company we draw some implications on how to implement green marketing strategy in the industry of green food inChina. As the factors which influence Chinese consumers’ behavior and characteristics between green agricultural products and green processed food are different, green marketing strategies of the two kinds of products should be implemented by different ways.

This thesis seeks to address the topic of how the leading Swedish food retailers applied the 4 Ps of the green marketing mix (product, price, promotion, place) when offering organic food. Firstly, the food retailers segment all the consumers in different categories, but the green consumer is not one of them. Subsequently, they target the whole market with varying strategies for positioning. For short-term positioning works the announcements of discounts in the shops. Launching promotional campaigns online and advertising on TV has given favourable outcomes of long-term and allowed the recognition of the people of the green food brand.However, there is a lack of effective use of the elements of green marketing, especially in green product and the green promotion. Regarding green price, they strive to reduce overprices to attract more consumers. About the green place, all have a lot to improve. In sum, the strategies of green marketing mix of supermarkets could be slowing down the organic food consumption.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / With the growing pressures of social actors on the degradation of the environment and that this has direct influence on quality of life, called the growing environmental movement. Committed to this movement, the eco-consumer voice their environmental concerns in their attitudes and consequently in their buying behavior, consider seeking products that cause less adverse impacts to the environment and appreciating those that are produced by environmentally responsible companies. Thus, this study sought to identify determinates that influence the purchasing behavior of university professors of business administration courses from Brazilian institutions towards pro-environmental products. To that end, was investigated the environmental awareness of consumers using the scale of the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP-Scale) developed by Dunlap and Van Liere (1978) and updated by Dunlap et al. (2000). It was also applied the scale Enoki et al. (2008) to ascertain the impact of marketing mix strategies in their purchasing behavior pro-environment. Was conducted a survey research to then test the model through the use of structural equation modeling. The findings didn t indicate a positive relationship between environmental awareness and purchasing behavior pro-environmental. However, there were positive relationships between the strategies of price, place and product and purchasing behavior in environmentally friendly, as well as the positive influence of the promotion strategy on pricing strategies, place strategies and product strategies of green marketing. In the end, it is proven that the marketing strategies are important in influencing the pro-environmental purchase behavior of the consumers. / Com o crescimento das pressões dos atores sociais sobre a degradação do meio ambiente e a interferência direta que esse tem na qualidade de vida das pessoas, cresce o chamado movimento ambientalista. Engajado a esse movimento, o consumidor ecológico manifesta as suas preocupações ambientais nas suas atitudes e, consequentemente, no seu comportamento de compra, buscando produtos que considera causarem menos impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e valorizando aqueles que são produzidos por empresas ambientalmente responsáveis. Dessa forma, este estudo buscou identificar os determinates que influenciam o comportamento de compra de professores universitários dos cursos de administração de instituições brasileiras perante produtos pró-ambientais. Para tanto, foi averiguada a consciência ambiental desses consumidores, utilizando-se a escala do Novo Paradigma Ecológico (Escala-NEP), desenvolvida por Dunlap e Van Liere (1978) e atualizada por Dunlap et al. (2000). Também foi aplicada a escala de Enoki et al. (2008) para verificar o impacto das estratégias do mix de marketing verde no comportamento de compra próambiental. Foi conduzida uma pesquisa do tipo survey para, posteriormente, testar o modelo proposto através da utilização da modelagem de equações estruturais. Os achados não indicaram uma relação positiva entre consciência ecológica e comportamento de compra próambiental do consumidor. No entanto, ocorreram relações positivas entre as estratégias de preço, praça e produto no comportamento de compra ambientalmente favorável, assim como a influência positiva da estratégia promoção nas estratégias de preço, praça e produto do mix de marketing verde. Ao final, é comprovado que as estratégias de marketing são importantes para influenciar o comportamento de compra pró-ambiental dos consumidores.

Title: The Role of Organizational Culture on Green Marketing Level: Final Thesis for Master’s Degree Program Authors: Lucia Gido Chuwa  and Ukpemeobong Usen Ibokette Supervisor: Dr. Daniella Fjellström Examiner: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: June 2020   Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the influence of organizational culture on green marketing. Method: This study applies a qualitative research approach on seven selected companies in Sweden and Nigeria.  We interviewed seven people using seven semi-structured interview questions and we carried out thematic data analysis by grouping the findings into common themes to guide our discussion. Result & Conclusions: This study concludes that organizational culture influence implementation of green marketing as it dictates what happens within the organization and how it happens. The organization that embraces environmental values in its culture needs to disseminate it to all employees to create common understanding and commitment towards its implementation. We also discovered a lower level of customer awareness on green marketing which requires more efforts by organizations and stakeholders to create this awareness or advocacy which will help firms investing on green marketing to sell their products. Suggestions for future research: We suggest a future study which could complement this study using a bigger sample size. We also propose a comparative future study which may help to highlight how implementation of green marketing in developed countries like Sweden differs from the developing countries like Nigeria. Furthermore, we suggest an explorative study on how best the customer awareness on green marketing can be enhanced so that to support green marketing. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to the body of knowledge about organizational culture, environmental sustainability and green marketing through highlighting how organizational culture influence implementation of different components of green marketing mix, which was an underexplored area. We also contribute that customer awareness is an important aspect to encourage green marketing Key words: Green marketing, green marketing mix, organizational culture, Sweden, Nigeria, environmental sustainability and Natural Resource Based View Theory.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the interaction between the green marketingmix elements and consumer’s purchase intention with reference to hotels in coastal beltin Sri Lanka. This study shows Green Product, Green Price, Green Distribution, andGreen Promotion influence consumer’s purchase intention. The primary data collectedfrom 100 respondents and analyzed by using statistical techniques. The result has shownthat the product element of the marketing mix has a strong influence on consumerpurchase and other elements were slightly influenced to purchase intention of consumers.In this research, researchers faced with various limitations. The respondents are fromdifferent parts of the country but currently live in Colombo area. So, it may not representthe whole community and it also led to the response errors with the respondents and here,the sample was limited to 100 respondents. When collecting data, researchers used themethod of the questionnaire. All the findings are based on the information they provided.However, researchers did their best to use different types of data collecting methods toget accurate information from the respondents. All in all, the finding implied that greenmarketing mix elements in hotels industry has a significant impact on consumer’spurchase intention. So, the hotel industry must increase the green marketing elements toattract more and more consumers. In this era, companies can’t even survive in themarketplace without knowing its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Including green aspects to the total offering has been a major innovation in the hotelsindustry recent past. In order to do that, the company has to conduct continuous surveysto know the consumer’s opinions, needs, and their preferences. Therefore, green productsbecame genuine key to success in consumer purchase intention.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka konsumenters kännedom och uppfattningar om miljömärkningar i textilbranschen samt om de ger avtryck i deras konsumtion. Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ ansats genom en enkätundersökning som är utformad utifrån en kvalitativ förstudie. Tidigare litteratur menar att standardiserade miljömärken är mycket bättre än butikskedjornas egna miljömärkningar då de är baserade på en oberoende organisations kriterier. Utifrån denna studie kan det dras en slutsats om att de standardiserade miljömärkningarna är mer igenkända och pålitliga än butikskedjornas egna, speciellt “Svanen” och “Bra Miljöval”. Tidigare litteratur har visat att kunskap är en viktig bidragande faktor för att minska miljöpåverkan vid konsumtion av plagg. Konsumenter vill göra rationella och medvetna hållbara val men brist på information och kunskap kring olika miljömärken gör det svårt. Denna avsaknad på medvetenhet och kunskap beror till stor del på begränsningar i marknadsföringsstrategier och så kallad “branding” av miljövänliga märkningar. Studien bekräftar även tidigare forskning som menar att den största anledning till att konsumenter inte köper hållbara plagg är på grund av bristande kunskap inom området. / This study aims to identify consumers knowledge and perceptions towards eco-labels in the textile industry and if they give an impression on their consumption. The study has been conducted with a quantitative approach through a questionnaire survey that is designed on the basis of a qualitative study. Earlier literature shows that standardized eco-labels are much better than stores own eco-labels since they are based on the criteria of an independent organization. Based on this study, a conclusion can be drawn that the standardized eco-labels are more recognized and reliable than store chains own, especially "Svanen" and "Bra Miljöval". Previous literature has shown that knowledge is an important contributing factor in reducing the environmental impact when consuming garments. Consumers want to make rational and conscious sustainable choices, but lack of information and knowledge about different eco-labels makes it difficult. This lack of awareness and knowledge is largely due to limitations in marketing strategies and branding of environmentally friendly labels. The study also confirms previous research that show that the biggest reason why consumers do not buy sustainable garments is because of lack of knowledge about its impact on the environment.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur företag kan bidra till en mer hållbar konsumtion. Studien undersöker hur företag kan öka försäljningen av ekologiska livsmedel med hjälp av marknadsföringsstrategier för att påverka konsumenternas köpbeteende.  Metod: Studien grundar sig i en induktiv, kvalitativ metod med ett hermeneutistiskt synsätt. Elva semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts och tolkats med hjälp av en Framework-matris. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att priset är den viktigaste orsaken till att konsumenter inte väljer att konsumera ekologiskt idag och att ökad kunskap behövs för att konsumenterna ska förstå varfördet är värt att betala mer för ekologiska livsmedel. Genom att använda den utökade gröna marknadsföringsmixen kan företag bidra till en mer välutbildad och hållbar konsument. Dessutom konkluderas det att ansvaret för en hållbar konsumtion inte enbart ligger på konsumenterna.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit till en förståelse för vilka faktorer och drivkrafter som kan användas i företagens marknadsföringsstrategier för att bidra till en mer hållbar konsumtion.  Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studier kring skillnaden mellan hur konsumenter och producenter uppfattar marknadsföringen av ekologiska produkter, användningen av influencers i marknadsföringen och samverkan mellan aktörer på livsmedelsmarknaden kan bidra till forskningen om hur företag kan öka den hållbara konsumtionen. / Aim: The aim of the study is to create a deeper understanding of how companies can contribute to sustainable consumption. The study aims to investigate how companies can increase sales of organic foods with marketing strategies to influence consumers' buying behavior. Method: The study is based on an inductive, qualitative method with a hermeneutic approach. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted and interpreted using a Framework matrix. Results and Conclusion: The study shows that price is the single most important reason why consumers do not consume organic, and that consumers are not sufficiently educated to understand why organic is worth paying for. By using the expanded green marketing mix, companies can contribute to create a more well-educated and sustainable consumer. It is also emphasized that the responsibility for sustainable consumption does not only lie with the consumers. Contribution of the thesis: The study has contributed to an understanding of the factors and driving forces that can be used in companies' marketing strategy in order to contribute to more sustainable consumption. Suggestions for further research: A comparison of how consumers and producers perceive marketing of organic products, the use of influencer marketing and studies on the collaboration between producers, traders and politicians can benefit future research on how to increase sustainable consumption.

Bakgrund: Marknadsföring har varit en del av samhället sedan den industriella revolutionen (Barregren, 2014). Genom åren har den förändrats och anpassat sig efter samhällets förväntningar, vilket har gjort att på senare tid har företagens marknadskommunikation övergått till att fokusera på klimatavtrycket och det sociala ansvaret som företagen har samtidigt som konsumtionen ökar i samhället. Svenska konsumenter köper och slänger mer kläder än vad som kan antas går att förbruka. En anledning till detta kan vara fast fashion där priserna är låga nog att konsumenterna kan lockas att handla mer eftersom priserna är låga. Detta även trots konsumenterna ofta anser eller vill ha en miljövänlig attityd köper de kläder som inte matchar konsumenternas värderingar om hållbarhet. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka kvinnliga konsumenter i åldrarna 20-30 och deras uppfattning av hur hållbar marknadskommunikation påverkar dem när de skall köpa kläder. Teoretisk referensram: Den teori som ligger till grund för arbetet är attityder, Corporate social responsibility och den gröna marknadsmixen. Dessa tre delar symboliserar både konsumenter, företag och produkten. Metod: För att samla in data har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer där 14 kvinnliga respondenter deltog. Slutsatser: Resultatet i studien visade att konsumenten påverkas av hållbar marknadskommunikation genom att de legitimerar konsumentens köp av mindre hållbara kläder av företag som marknadsför sig som hållbara. I studien hade alla respondenter i undersökningen en positiv uppfattning av mer hållbara kläder däremot var det inget som de handlade själva. Sambandet mellan företagets Corporate social responsibility och köp intentionen spelade ej stor roll. Att plaggen skulle vara hållbara ses mer som en trevlig överraskning än något som konsumenten prioriterar. / Bakground: Marketing has been a part of the society since the industrial revolution (Barregren, 2014). Through the years the marketing has adapted after the expectations of the society, and in later years the marketing communication has focused on company's social responsibility and the impact the consumption has on the climate. At the same time the consumption has increased. Swedish consumers buy and dispose of more clothes than one can assume they can consume. One reason for this can be the prices in fast fashion, because of the low prices the consumers can buy whatever they want and do not need to worry about their economy. Even though the consumer often sees themselves as environmentally friendly doesn't mean they chose the most sustainable choice of clothing. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine female consumers in the ages between 20-30 years old and their assumption on how green marketing affects them in the shopping experience of clothes. Theory: The theory is based on consumers attitude, corporate social responsibility and the green marketing mix. These three parts symbolise the customer, the company and the green marketing mix. These three parts symbolise the customer, the company and the product. Method: We used a qualitative method and semistructured interviews were held with 14 female consumers. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that consumers were affected by green marketing communications by legitimizing the consumers consumption of un sustainable clothes by the same company. Even though all the women in the study had a positive attitude towards sustainable clothes where there none that intentionally bought clothes that were marketed sustainable.