The problem with which this study is concerned is the association between systematic exposure to information about computers and attitude changes to computers among students who are non-computer majors. The experimental design includes a semester length course in introduction to computers at a small community college in Texas. The study has a twofold purpose. The first is to determine the pre-instruction direction and valence of attitudes of non-computer majors towards computers. The second is to determine the post-instruction direction and valence of attitudes of non-computer majors towards computers. A questionnaire was used to measure attitudes of students towards computers as a pre-test and post-test. The test results were encoded for computer statistical analysis. To determine the valence of changes in attitudes, chi-square tests were applied for each statement of the questionnaire with combinations between pre-test and post-test and each of the variables: gender, age, student performance, and instructor. To determine changes of direction in attitudes, a phi coefficient was applied for each statement of the questionnaire. The following conclusions may be drawn from the data collected for this study. 1. Based upon gender, age, student performance, and the variable of instructor, there was a significant difference in the valence of changes in attitudes towards computers. 2. Based upon gender, age, student performance, and the variable of instructor, there was no difference in the direction of change in attitudes towards computers.

Our aim is to create a greater understanding for how Växjö Municipality is working with their vision, strategy and brand, and also how it is perceived by the business sector. This understanding will help us to highlight success factors and pitfalls that exist in the creation, implementation, and maintenance of a municipality’s identity, image and profile to convince the business sector to follow. Methodology: We have been using an abductive and qualitative research-method in which semi-structured interviews have been the basis of our empirical material. We had interviews with three employees, a communication manager and the mayor at Växjö Municipality as well as four organizations and two companies with sustainable focus. We did this to get different perspectives and thereby get a greater understanding. Analysis & conclusion: We have been able to identify both success factors and pitfalls in Växjö Municipality's strategic sustainability work. They have been successful when it comes to the circulation of their brand and they have taken advantage of chances that have come up. The success factors that we have identified is the spreading of myths and storytelling, strong political leadership, united politicians, strong organizational identity, cooperation, tough decisions that are in line with the strategy, shared objectives with companies and organizations with sustainable focus and international success. The risks and gaps that we have seen are great focus on the past, ignorance locally, different priorities and values internally and there is pressure to live by what they learn. That there is a positive attitude toward Växjö Municipality’s profile and message is a must if Växjö Municipality wants to achieve its ambition to become "The greenest city in Europe". New knowledge on the subject is the key behind the driving force when it comes to engagement in sustainability issues. It is also through the knowledge that attitude changes are possible.

student achievement and attitude changes toward science resulting from three different approaches used in teaching introductory general education biology at Diablo Valley Community College in Pleasant Hill, California , were compared. The three teaching approaches used were the lecture-only, lecture - laboratory and lecture-recitation. The sample was composed of 129 students enrolled in Biology 101 and 102 at Diablo Valley Community College during fall semester 1974-75. Forty-three students comprised the control group taught by the lecture-only method. Forty-three students comprised the experimental group taught by the lecture-laboratory method. Forty-three students comprised a second experimental group taught by the lecture-recitation method. Student Achievement was measured using two subject matter achievement test. One test was the Nelson Biology Test consisting of 65 multiple-choice items. A reliability coefficient of .93 was established using the Kuder Richardson Formula 20. A second achievement test consisting of 100 multiple-choice questions was constructed by the investigator. A reliability coefficient of .89 was established using the Kuder Richardson Formula 20. Student attitude change toward science was measured using a Scientific Attitude Inventory constructed by Richard Moore at Temple University. A reliability coefficient of .73 was established using the Kuder Richardson Formula 20. Analysis of covariance was used to compare mean posttest scores for the three groups involved in each hypothesis. The Scheffe' Test was used to make comparisons between pairs of group mean posttest scores. At the .05 level of significance, it was found that (1) students taught by the lecture-laboratory method had higher mean achievement scores than students taught by the lecture-only method when measured by either the Nelson Biology Test or the teacher-made test, (2) students taught by the lecture-laboratory method did not have significantly different mean achievement scores on the Nelson Biology Test than students taught by the lecture-recitation method, (3) students taught by the lecture-recitation method did not have significantly different mean achievement scores on the Nelson Biology Test or the teacher-made test than students taught by the lecture-only method when SCAT scores were used as the covariate, (4) students taught by the lecture-laboratory method had significantly higher mean achievement scores on the teacher-made test than students in the lecture-recitation group when SCAT scores were used as the covariate, (5) student attitudes toward science were not significantly different for the students taught by the lecture-laboratory method than for students taught by the lecture-recitation method as measured by the Scientific Attitude Inventory, and (6) students attitudes toward science were changed more favorably by the lecture-laboratory and lecture-recitation methods than by the lecture-only method as measured by the Scientific Attitude Inventory. The results of this study suggest that students benefit when they experience a personal involvement with biological materials and laboratory equipment in investigating principles taught in the lecture portion of the course. The personal hands-on experience in designing and carrying out investigations in the laboratory helps students to more closely identify with the biology course and the work of the biologist. Results also suggest that students benefit by the extra time offered by the laboratory experience. Students achieve more and indicate a more favorable change in attitude toward science upon completion of the lecture-laboratory course than do students completing the lecture-only course or the lecture-recitation course.

Transporter står idag för en stor andel koldioxidutsläpp vilket har en negativ påverkan på miljön och klimatet. Samtidigt väljer allt fler att flytta till städer vilket innebär utmaningar för framkomlighet och mobilitet. Bilanvändningen är en stor anledning till dessa problem och därför behövs verktyg för att få fler att välja bort bilen och i stället resa med hållbara transportmedel. I denna uppsats studeras mobility management (MM) som inkluderar strategier och metoder som syftar till att få människor att resa hållbart genom att påverka attityder och beteenden. Studien undersöker hur kommunerna Lund och Växjö arbetar med mobility management för att motverka bilanvändningen och främja hållbara transportsätt. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka de utmaningar och möjligheter som arbetet med MM innebär, samt att identifiera de lärdomar som har förvärvats av tjänstemännen som arbetat med MM. Forskningsfrågorna besvaras genom att studera dokument som ger riktlinjer för kommunernas arbete och genom intervjuer med tjänstemän. Urban fabrics theory används som teoretiskt ramverk för undersökningen som baserat på teorin fokuserar på transportsätten gång, cykel, kollektivtrafik och bil var för sig. Studiens resultat visar att Lund har en stark tradition av att arbeta med MM jämfört med Växjö där det inte är etablerat i samma utsträckning. Av intervjuerna framgår det att bägge kommunerna övervägande fokuserar på att främja cykling vilket till viss del går emot styrdokumenten som betonar vikten av att få fler att gå. De största utmaningarna med MM-arbetet är att få stöd från politiska beslutsfattare då de ofta är svårt när det handlar om åtgärder som motverkar bilanvändning. Vidare är det utmanande att få människor att välja bort bilen då den erbjuder en frihet, trygghet och kan förknippas som en symbol för status och framgång. För att lyckas med MM krävs det en kontinuitet och långsiktighet med åtgärder då det tar tid att bygga upp en kultur där hållbara transportsätt är det självklara valet. Studien identifierar slutligen en brist och komplexitet i uppföljningen av arbetet med MM vilket gör det svårt att se effekterna av MM-åtgärder. / Transports currently account for a significant amount of carbon dioxide emissions, which has a negative impact on the environment and climate. Simultaneously, an increasing number of people are choosing to move to cities, which presents challenges for accessibility and mobility. Car usage is a major contributor to these problems, which creates a need for tools to encourage more people to choose sustainable modes of transportation over driving. This study examines mobility management (MM), which includes strategies and methods that aim to encourage people towards usage of sustainable modes of transport by influencing attitudes and behaviours. This study investigates how the municipalities of Lund and Växjö are implementing mobility management to reduce car usage and promote sustainable transportation. Furthermore, the study aims to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with MM efforts, as well as to identify the lessons learned by the officials working with MM. The research questions are addressed by analysing documents that provide guidelines for the municipalities work and through interviews with municipal officials. The Urban Fabrics Theory is used as a theoretical framework for the research, focusing on walking, cycling, public transportation, and car usage separately. The result of the study reveals that Lund has a strong tradition of working with MM compared to Växjö, where it is not as well established. The interviews indicate that both municipalities mainly focus on promoting cycling, which contradicts the strategic documents emphasizing the importance of increasing walking. The biggest challenges in MM work are gaining support from political decision-makers, as it is often difficult when measures aim to reduce car usage. Additionally, it is challenging to persuade people to reduce car usage due to the freedom, security, and status associated with cars. Successful MM requires continuity and long-term measures, as it takes time to build a culture where sustainable transportation is the obvious choice. Finally, the study identifies a lack and complexity in evaluating MM work, making it difficult to see the effects of MM measures.

The study abroad field has progressed into an innovative and exciting stage given the high- rise of interest throughout the last twenty years. Study abroad is not showing signs of losing momentum concerning student interest or academic research. Numerous variables affect the direction the field is heading. This study intends to illuminate some of those variables through classifying study abroad results. This research study is part of the 21st century phenomena regarding increased travel through study abroad programs. It investigates the results of U.S. students’ study abroad experiences in Spain and Australia, through identifying aspects of the knowledge outcomes, changes in perspective, and the social, professional, and personal implications on a U.S. student after returning home from such an endeavor. It is critical to recognize and comprehend student results from the study abroad perspective to provide higher education institutions, study abroad companies, educators, students, and researchers with a contextual, first-hand encounter through the eyes of the student. This student analysis provides a greater framework for various stakeholders to continue the promotion of studying abroad, while enriching study abroad programs, and to continue the provision of breadth of opportunity for upcoming students interested.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe attitudes to police and law enforcement funding in Sweden, and more specifically to find out if attitudes changed from the 1990s and onwards. The time interval was chosen since it was a period of societal change since Sweden was moving towards a more individualized society. The study analyses empirical data from the International Social Survey Programme, comparing surveys conducted in 1996, 2006, and 2016, to identify any differences in attitudes. The findings reveal differences in attitudes across the three time periods. Survey respondents in 2006 wanted lower funding for police and law enforcement compared to those in 1996 and 2016, whereas respondents in 2016 reported more positive attitudes toward police fundings. These trends were mostly consistent across social groups, although some groups reported larger changes in attitudes between time periods.