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This thesis sets out to investigate the field of public service interpreting in southern Spain, with a particular emphasis on the position of volunteer interpreters working at two different healthcare institutions. It looks at the power relationships that develop between agents that hold different degrees of control and autonomy, especially in a context where individuals hold different forms and volume of capital in each encounter. Drawing on Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice, the study offers an in-depth examination of a group of volunteer interpreters as legitimate agents of the wider field of public service interpreting and the sub-field of healthcare interpreting, while looking at their impact on the structures and ethics of the larger field. This is the first project to employ Bourdieu’s theory in a sustained case study of a healthcare context where volunteer interpreters operate as legitimised institutional agents. One of the peculiarities of the two settings under examination is that volunteer interpreters seem to have acquired a high degree of institutionalisation, which provides them with a large volume of symbolic capital and allows them to take part in the field as legitimate members of the healthcare team, often occupying similar positions to those adopted by doctors at the top end of the field hierarchy. The study adopts an ethnographic approach based on a triangulation of data: participant observation of volunteer interpreters, audio-recorded interpreter-mediated interaction and focus-group interviews with volunteer interpreters. The primary data that informs the thesis consists of four focus groups carried out with volunteer interpreters in two different Spanish hospitals. The additional use of participant observations and audio-recordings make it possible to examine not only interpreters’ perceptions but also actual behaviour in authentic encounters, and to compare interpreters’ perception of their positioning with the actual positions they often occupy in the field.

The aim of this diploma thesis is the proposal of guerilla campaign in a company Baliarne obchodu Poprad, a.s.. Introduction of the theoretical part explains basic knowledge of advertising, various types of guerilla and serves as a base for empirical part, in which I analyze current status of external and internal environment of the company. Based on identified weaknesses of the comapny is guerilla campaign designed to appeal to wide range of customers, new target group and the mark has become well known throughout the territoty of Slovak republic.

The purpose of this study was to explore how a consumer's brand loyalty will be affected by a celebrity he/she adores, as the celebrity begins to cooperate with a competitive brand. The methods of this research have been done through qualitative research, and the interviews were conducted in a semi-structured way. The results showed that in a scenario where the respondents' favourite celebrity endorses competitive brands, some consumers will overlook marketing activities from the celebrity that advises them to purchase substitute (competitive) brands. The results showed that some respondents would purchase substitute (competitive) brands and that some would not. However, in most cases the respondent would not last over time as they would go back to the original brand, while others would only stay for as long as the celebrities are in collaboration with the competitive brand. Lastly, in terms of brand loyalty, unexpected findings were found of the research, that the respondent’s loyalty can be negatively influenced if a celebrity’s expertise and its product category are incompatible.

<p>This dissertation is comprised of research articles examining the strategies instructional designers’ employ to transform both conflict with faculty in higher education and learners’ attitudes through instruction. In the first study, we investigated instructional designers’ perspectives on how conflict impacts their collaborative work with faculty. Through our qualitative analysis of fourteen instructional designers’ perceptions and experiences of conflict with faculty, we found that participants held nuanced perceptions of conflict and experienced conflicts falling within three thematic types of conflict. The second study expanded upon the first study by examining instructional designers approaches to navigate conflict with faculty. Findings revealed instructional designers utilized several strategic interconnected approaches focused on cultivating and strengthening collaborations along with using reflection post collaboration to try and improve future collaborations with faculty. Importantly, these strategies were able to be mapped to the typical collaborative project timeline emphasizing that conflict permeates instructional designers and faculty collaborations. In the third article, we synthesized the literature on designing attitudinal change instruction and organized the literature using Merrill’s first principles of instruction framework. We identified specific strategies that instructional designers can use to effectively design attitudinal change instruction.</p>

Attitudes towards immigration in Ireland are the focus of this study and, more specifically, what aspects of life the native-born population perceive to be impacted by immigration into Ireland in 2018. This thesis uses two primary socioeconomic attributes of the native-born respondents as explanatory variables, focusing on education and income levels of the native-born population. The aim of this study is to examine the association between attitudes towards immigration, across different attitudinal dimensions, and socioeconomic status of native-born individuals in the Republic of Ireland in 2018. This thesis uses data taken from round 9 of the European Social Survey and purports that individuals (i) without tertiary education and (ii) on low-incomes will be more likely to oppose immigration across all dimensions of attitudes to immigration, all else equal. In addition, it propagates the idea that individuals will be more likely to oppose immigration due to the perceived effect of immigration on the economy, all else being equal.  This research draws on Group threat theory and Contact theory as the foundation for the hypotheses and research questions and enables investigation into the primary socioeconomic determinants influencing attitudes towards immigration in Ireland. Furthermore, whether an association exists between socioeconomic status and attitudes across all attitudinal dimensions is explored.  The results indicate that, all else equal, those who studied to at least a tertiary level are more likely to display positive attitudes towards immigration than those without a tertiary education, regardless of attitudinal dimension. Similarly, those on the highest incomes are more likely to exhibit positive attitudes to immigration across all dimensions compared to their low-income counterparts, all else being equal. Interestingly however, this thesis did not find statistically significant evidence that individuals will be more likely to oppose immigration due to the perceived impact of immigration on the economy, as was originally hypothesised.

Education has undergone much change in post-apartheid South Africa. New school policies and curricula are some of the changes that have impacted education in significant ways. An important consequence of all this is that classrooms have become more racially mixed and/or culturally diverse. Teachers have also had to adjust to the changes in their classrooms not only in pedagogic terms, but also in terms of perceptions of learners and more importantly, their attitudes towards learners. The study was conducted at three Co Ed schools in the Gauteng South district. The schools are all situated in Eldorado Park. The aim of the research was to investigate ways in which teachers’ attitudes, as perceived by learners, affect learners’ engagement in their own learning. A case study methodology within the qualitative paradigm was employed. Data was collected through learner focus group interviews. The main research question was: In what pedagogical ways, as perceived by high and low achieving learners, do teachers transmit attitudes of care, trust and expectations to learners. The findings indicated that there are differences in learners’ perceptions and experiences of teachers’ pedagogical ways, particularly with regard to low achieving learners. Moreover, the low achieving learners had significantly different, mainly negative, experiences of pedagogical ways. The study concluded that in order for learning to be facilitated, certain pedagogical means/ways are required to transmit attitudes of care, trust and expectations. This study suggests that there is room for further research in this field.

Support for civil rights for gays and lesbians has been increasing nationally. Changes in attitudes may be due not only to the influence of younger, more progressive cohorts, but also to the influence of other factors such as education, religious attendance, political identity, and attitudes toward women's roles. This thesis utilized General Social Survey data from 1977 to 2012 and examined changes in response to attitudinal questions regarding civil rights for gays and lesbians, as well as demographic factors predictive of changing attitudes. Between 1977 and 2012, attitudes became more accepting of civil rights for homosexuals in the United States. Results from multivariate regression models indicate that younger birth cohorts are more accepting of civil rights for gays and lesbians, as are those with higher education. Higher tolerance of non-traditional roles for women is associated with the support of civil rights for gays and lesbians. In addition, religious attendance is negatively associated with acceptance of civil rights for homosexuals, whereas political identity has no association.

The influence of ideology and attitudes on the decision-making process of Supreme Court justices has been well documented, such that the attitudinal model has emerged as the dominant paradigm for understanding judicial behavior. When ideology and personal preferences seem to eclipse legal factors, such as adherence to precedent and deference to the democratically-elected branches, outcries of 'judicial activism' have occurred. Previous studies (Lindquist and Cross 2009) have operationalized judicial activism and have provided measures for studying behavior that may be considered activist (as opposed to restrainist), further supporting the premise that ideology trumps other extra-attitudinal and legal factors in the judicial decision-making process. While the attitudinal model indicates that ideology is the strongest predictor of judicial decision-making, this research will include a number of legal variables that have significantly influenced justices' votes. As previous studies have demonstrated, an integrated model that combines a number of critical variables can have more explanatory power than one that relies on attitudinal reasons alone (Banks 1999; Hurwitz and Stefko 2004; Mishler and Sheehan 1996). As such, the purpose of this research is to examine individual level decision-making of the most ideological justices on the Burger and Rehnquist Courts (1969-2004) in regards to their activist behavior to overrule legal precedents and invalidate federal statutes. This research will employ multivariate regression analysis to assess the effects of attitudinal, legal and extra-attitudinal factors in the judicial decision-making process.

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