This study poses the question of why national conflicts persist in the context of increasing transnational integration. From the early 1970's and especially since the end of the 'Cold War', nationalism has gained increased global significance. At the same time, seemingly hand-in-hand with the upsurge in nationalism, there has been an acceleration in transnational integration. This apparent paradox is explored in several ways: first by developing a theoretical framework for linking nationalism and transnationalism, second by analysing a particular case of national conflict in its transnationalised setting, and third by investigating the interpretation and re-interpretation of 'national' interests by key political actors. The case chosen is the national conflict in Ireland in the context of transnational integration in the European Union. In Ireland the two global tendencies - of national division and transnational integration - are focussed to a high degree of intensity. The transnational integrative process is at its most advanced in the European Community which, in 1993, became the 'European Union', one of the most ambitious examples of inter-state and trans-state regional integration to date. The national conflict in Ireland meanwhile, is more deeply entrenched than in any other Western European state and was, until the IRA ceasefire on 31 August 1994, the most highly militarised conflict in Western Europe. This study suggests that the relationships between transnational integration and national conflict are becoming a defining factor in Ireland's political development and that such relationships also pattern developments in the wider EU. Indeed, to the extent that the process of EU integration is seen as an antidote to nationalism in Western Europe, the impact of the EU in Ireland's national conflict could be interpreted as a test case of EU integration.

Attitudes towards immigration in Ireland are the focus of this study and, more specifically, what aspects of life the native-born population perceive to be impacted by immigration into Ireland in 2018. This thesis uses two primary socioeconomic attributes of the native-born respondents as explanatory variables, focusing on education and income levels of the native-born population. The aim of this study is to examine the association between attitudes towards immigration, across different attitudinal dimensions, and socioeconomic status of native-born individuals in the Republic of Ireland in 2018. This thesis uses data taken from round 9 of the European Social Survey and purports that individuals (i) without tertiary education and (ii) on low-incomes will be more likely to oppose immigration across all dimensions of attitudes to immigration, all else equal. In addition, it propagates the idea that individuals will be more likely to oppose immigration due to the perceived effect of immigration on the economy, all else being equal.  This research draws on Group threat theory and Contact theory as the foundation for the hypotheses and research questions and enables investigation into the primary socioeconomic determinants influencing attitudes towards immigration in Ireland. Furthermore, whether an association exists between socioeconomic status and attitudes across all attitudinal dimensions is explored.  The results indicate that, all else equal, those who studied to at least a tertiary level are more likely to display positive attitudes towards immigration than those without a tertiary education, regardless of attitudinal dimension. Similarly, those on the highest incomes are more likely to exhibit positive attitudes to immigration across all dimensions compared to their low-income counterparts, all else being equal. Interestingly however, this thesis did not find statistically significant evidence that individuals will be more likely to oppose immigration due to the perceived impact of immigration on the economy, as was originally hypothesised.

Diploma thesis "Comparison of systems and impacts of investment incentives in Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Ireland" compares investment incentives in Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Ireland in terms of their development and current situation. Furthermore it compares conditions under which investment incentives can be granted. It also compares their impact on foreign direct investments in terms of their inflow, structure and regional distribution in the country. Part of the thesis also deals with comparison of current situation in these countries in terms of investor's risk and international competitiveness when gaining investments.

This thesis involves an examination of the internationalisation process of the smaller craft firm in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Sectoral analysis was carried out in order to determine historical precedents as well as the identification of industry and firm level factors impinging upon domestic and export market behaviour. Key findings at this stage included the fact that the majority of craft firms could be classified as small and that they impact economically at both domestic and international level. The majority of existing craft sector research is practitioner specific, with little evidence of theoretical rigour. Following this, a range of internationalisation theories were discussed, from their historical provenance in economic trade theory to the more recent developments concerning the impact of technology and networking. It was concluded that the majority of these frameworks fail to readily explain smaller firm internationalisation behaviour. The research methodology followed was pluralistic in nature, given that the majority of existing internationalisation studies follow the quantitative method and are generally replicative. It was believed that by adopting both quantitative and qualitative methods, a richer amount of data would be obtained in order to generate an improved understanding of smaller firm internationalisation. Research propositions centred on the belief that investigation of the sector would uncover a number of internal and external impinging factors which were specific to the craft firm. Future modelling of the internationalisation process would need to account for situation specific factors, instead of attempting to offer a generic interpretation of the process. Quantitative results identified the majority of firms as microenterprises with trade fairs and networking shown to be the most effective forms of export marketing research and methods of entry into international markets. The main export markets were identified as other European Union countries and North America. The only significant differences among export groups from the five countries surveyed related to the Far East as an export market destination. Qualitative results generally supported the quantitative findings and, in addition, enabled profiling of craft firm types to be carried out. Four orientations were uncovered: the entrepreneur, the idealist, the lifestyler and the latecomer. Exporting behaviour was also found to be affected by the cultural background of the owner/manager. Comparison of the results with existing literature facilitated the construction of frameworks relating to smaller craft firm internationalisation behaviour, performance and success. Interpretation of these factors was found to vary depending on owner/manager orientation. A number of theoretical implications were presented, including the promotion of the belief that the emerging marketing and entrepreneurship paradigm provides additional understanding to smaller craft firm internationalisation. A composite framework of the various factors uncovered in the analysis was constructed. Practical implications include the belief that, instead of support organisations offering generic exporting advice, sector specific information and support is more beneficial to encouraging future exporting success. It was recognised that future comparative research examining internationalisation behaviour of craft firms of various sizes, as well as assessing consumption issues relating to the craft product, would prove valuable in additional knowledge contribution.

A partir da análise de um fluxo emigratório de brasileiros de Goiás em direção à República da Irlanda, esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como os elementos da identidade regional desses imigrantes são reforçados, negociados ou negados no contexto da vida no exterior. Procurei, ainda, entender como essa experiência impacta as leituras que esses sujeitos fazem do lugar ao qual pertencem e dos lugares pelos quais transitam. A etnografia e a coleta de dados foram realizadas no Brasil e na Irlanda, entre 2009 e 2011, nas cidades de Anápolis, GO, e Tullamore, Kilbeggan e Gort, Irlanda, e teve um caráter multissituado. Considerando que as estimativas da emigração internacional no Brasil, apresentadas pelo IBGE e MRE, mostram que desde a década de 1980 o estado de Goiás se destaca como exportador de trabalhadores para o exterior, tentei identificar os elementos que alimentam a duração desse processo que, além de estar inserido no âmbito do fluxo emigratório de brasileiros na mesma década, sugere a formação de uma cultura emigratória no estado. A etnografia evidenciou que a centralidade dos elementos rurais na vida goiana permanece configurando os sentidos que os indivíduos atribuem ao mundo que os cerca, mesmo quando se deslocam para outros espaços geográficos ou se deparam com outras formas de viver e pensar o mundo. Nesse sentido, a região permanece como uma referência central da vida. Ao levaram sua música sertaneja, a comida típica, as festas de quadrilha, o berrante e as danças country para a Irlanda, esses imigrantes colocam no jogo das negociações identitárias sua regionalidade, evidenciando a diversidade que nos faz brasileiros. / From the analysis of an emigratory flux of brazilian people from Goiás to the Republic of Ireland, this thesis aims to understand how the elements of the regional identity of these imigrants are reinforced, negociated or denied in the context of living abroad. I´ve tried also to understand how is the impact of that experience in the reading that these individuals make of the place they belong and those where they transit. The ethnography and the data collection were made in Brazil and in Ireland, between 2009 and 2011, in the cities of Anápolis (GO – Brazil) and Tullamore, Kilbeggan and Gort (Ireland), showing a multi situated feature. Considering the brazilian international emigration estimates, presented by IBGE and MRE, showing that sinds the 1980´s the state of Goiás points out as an exporter of workers to foreign countries, I´ve tried to identify the elements that feed the duration of that process, which, besides of being inserted in the brazilian emigratory flux scope (that started in the same period), suggests the development of a emigratory culture in the state. As evidenced by ethnography, the centrality of the rural elements in the “vida goiana” keeps forming the senses that the individuals ascribe to the world surrounding them, even when they go to another geographic areas or face different ways of living and thinking the world. In that sense, the Region stays as a central reference of life. By taking their “sertaneja” music, typical food, “quadrilha” parties, “berrante” and country dances to Ireland, these imigrants include their region identity in the play of identity negotiations, evidencing the diversity that makes us brazilian.

A partir da análise de um fluxo emigratório de brasileiros de Goiás em direção à República da Irlanda, esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como os elementos da identidade regional desses imigrantes são reforçados, negociados ou negados no contexto da vida no exterior. Procurei, ainda, entender como essa experiência impacta as leituras que esses sujeitos fazem do lugar ao qual pertencem e dos lugares pelos quais transitam. A etnografia e a coleta de dados foram realizadas no Brasil e na Irlanda, entre 2009 e 2011, nas cidades de Anápolis, GO, e Tullamore, Kilbeggan e Gort, Irlanda, e teve um caráter multissituado. Considerando que as estimativas da emigração internacional no Brasil, apresentadas pelo IBGE e MRE, mostram que desde a década de 1980 o estado de Goiás se destaca como exportador de trabalhadores para o exterior, tentei identificar os elementos que alimentam a duração desse processo que, além de estar inserido no âmbito do fluxo emigratório de brasileiros na mesma década, sugere a formação de uma cultura emigratória no estado. A etnografia evidenciou que a centralidade dos elementos rurais na vida goiana permanece configurando os sentidos que os indivíduos atribuem ao mundo que os cerca, mesmo quando se deslocam para outros espaços geográficos ou se deparam com outras formas de viver e pensar o mundo. Nesse sentido, a região permanece como uma referência central da vida. Ao levaram sua música sertaneja, a comida típica, as festas de quadrilha, o berrante e as danças country para a Irlanda, esses imigrantes colocam no jogo das negociações identitárias sua regionalidade, evidenciando a diversidade que nos faz brasileiros. / From the analysis of an emigratory flux of brazilian people from Goiás to the Republic of Ireland, this thesis aims to understand how the elements of the regional identity of these imigrants are reinforced, negociated or denied in the context of living abroad. I´ve tried also to understand how is the impact of that experience in the reading that these individuals make of the place they belong and those where they transit. The ethnography and the data collection were made in Brazil and in Ireland, between 2009 and 2011, in the cities of Anápolis (GO – Brazil) and Tullamore, Kilbeggan and Gort (Ireland), showing a multi situated feature. Considering the brazilian international emigration estimates, presented by IBGE and MRE, showing that sinds the 1980´s the state of Goiás points out as an exporter of workers to foreign countries, I´ve tried to identify the elements that feed the duration of that process, which, besides of being inserted in the brazilian emigratory flux scope (that started in the same period), suggests the development of a emigratory culture in the state. As evidenced by ethnography, the centrality of the rural elements in the “vida goiana” keeps forming the senses that the individuals ascribe to the world surrounding them, even when they go to another geographic areas or face different ways of living and thinking the world. In that sense, the Region stays as a central reference of life. By taking their “sertaneja” music, typical food, “quadrilha” parties, “berrante” and country dances to Ireland, these imigrants include their region identity in the play of identity negotiations, evidencing the diversity that makes us brazilian.

A partir da análise de um fluxo emigratório de brasileiros de Goiás em direção à República da Irlanda, esta tese tem como objetivo compreender como os elementos da identidade regional desses imigrantes são reforçados, negociados ou negados no contexto da vida no exterior. Procurei, ainda, entender como essa experiência impacta as leituras que esses sujeitos fazem do lugar ao qual pertencem e dos lugares pelos quais transitam. A etnografia e a coleta de dados foram realizadas no Brasil e na Irlanda, entre 2009 e 2011, nas cidades de Anápolis, GO, e Tullamore, Kilbeggan e Gort, Irlanda, e teve um caráter multissituado. Considerando que as estimativas da emigração internacional no Brasil, apresentadas pelo IBGE e MRE, mostram que desde a década de 1980 o estado de Goiás se destaca como exportador de trabalhadores para o exterior, tentei identificar os elementos que alimentam a duração desse processo que, além de estar inserido no âmbito do fluxo emigratório de brasileiros na mesma década, sugere a formação de uma cultura emigratória no estado. A etnografia evidenciou que a centralidade dos elementos rurais na vida goiana permanece configurando os sentidos que os indivíduos atribuem ao mundo que os cerca, mesmo quando se deslocam para outros espaços geográficos ou se deparam com outras formas de viver e pensar o mundo. Nesse sentido, a região permanece como uma referência central da vida. Ao levaram sua música sertaneja, a comida típica, as festas de quadrilha, o berrante e as danças country para a Irlanda, esses imigrantes colocam no jogo das negociações identitárias sua regionalidade, evidenciando a diversidade que nos faz brasileiros. / From the analysis of an emigratory flux of brazilian people from Goiás to the Republic of Ireland, this thesis aims to understand how the elements of the regional identity of these imigrants are reinforced, negociated or denied in the context of living abroad. I´ve tried also to understand how is the impact of that experience in the reading that these individuals make of the place they belong and those where they transit. The ethnography and the data collection were made in Brazil and in Ireland, between 2009 and 2011, in the cities of Anápolis (GO – Brazil) and Tullamore, Kilbeggan and Gort (Ireland), showing a multi situated feature. Considering the brazilian international emigration estimates, presented by IBGE and MRE, showing that sinds the 1980´s the state of Goiás points out as an exporter of workers to foreign countries, I´ve tried to identify the elements that feed the duration of that process, which, besides of being inserted in the brazilian emigratory flux scope (that started in the same period), suggests the development of a emigratory culture in the state. As evidenced by ethnography, the centrality of the rural elements in the “vida goiana” keeps forming the senses that the individuals ascribe to the world surrounding them, even when they go to another geographic areas or face different ways of living and thinking the world. In that sense, the Region stays as a central reference of life. By taking their “sertaneja” music, typical food, “quadrilha” parties, “berrante” and country dances to Ireland, these imigrants include their region identity in the play of identity negotiations, evidencing the diversity that makes us brazilian.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) sixth assessment report was stark, and called for action to address global warming, climate change, and carbon emissions (UnitedNations, 2022). As educators one way to enact change is to educate the current and futuregenerations for sustainable development. Education for Sustainable Development and OutdoorEducation are two popular pedagogical practices utilised for this purpose globally. The aim of this study is to explore teacher perceptions of Classroom Based Assessmentsand their potential to integrate Education for Sustainable Development and Outdoor Educationin the Irish Technology Education subject Wood Technology. To realise this aim, the followingresearch questions were formulated: 1. How do teachers perceive the new Junior Cycle and Classroom Based Assessments? 2. How do teachers perceive and integrate Education for Sustainable Development intoWood Technology? 3. How do teachers perceive and integrate Outdoor Education into Wood Technology? Wood Technology teachers working in the Republic of Ireland were recruited forqualitative semi-structured interviews to gather data and ultimately to answer the researchquestions. These interviews were later transcribed and analysed using a phenomenographicanalysis. As a result an outcome space was created describing the variations in teachers’perceptions (Sin, 2010). The outcome space demonstrated that teachers value Classroom BasedAssessments, Education for Sustainable Development, and Outdoor Education. Education for Sustainable Development was widely integrated through the sustainable use of material in theclassroom and through some Classroom Based Assessments. Outdoor Education was practicedin Wood Technology, Transition Year, and most often in Senior Cycle Construction Studies.

This thesis deals with the duties relating to the work performed by an employee, thus duties of an employee following from employment relationship between an employee and an employer. The main focus is on the legal arrangement of such duties and the consequence of breach of such duties in the form of dismissal. The purpose of my research is to compare legal arrangements in the Czech Republic and in the Republic of Ireland and to show the dissimilarities and the similarities between those two countries in such an area of labour law. The primary aim of this work is to bring new and inspiring ideas and possibilities of legal solutions emerging from the comparison in this area. Because it is very practical issue, the most important thing, which must be stressed, is a case-law in both countries. For this reason, another significant goal of this paper is to show how contentious cases can be resolved and what the main characteristics in this type of procedure are before the courts in the country with different law tradition and law background unlike that in the Czech Republic. This work is composed of three parts. The first part of this thesis describes the current legislation in the Czech Republic. It concentrates chiefly on the wording of the Labour Code, but it also provides an account of decision-making of the...

Cette thèse a pour origine le constat de l’implication forte d’une fraction de la société civile irlandaise, de l’homme de la rue, d’associations politiques militantes, de syndicats mais aussi de l’appareil diplomatique, dans le rapport de force en Palestine, depuis la Guerre des Six jours de 1967, qui soulève l’indignation populaire. Le paroxysme de ce phénomène prend place en Irlande du Nord, où Unionistes et Nationalistes brandissent les drapeaux israéliens et palestiniens, pour témoigner de leur attachement à l’un ou l’autre des acteurs du conflit au Moyen-Orient. Il s’agit ici d’explorer les origines et l’évolution de cette mobilisation, en définissant le contour d’une perspective irlandaise protéiforme sur le conflit israélo-palestinien, qui s’appuie sur un faisceau multiple de lectures domestiques des événements au Moyen-Orient, fondées sur autant d’appréhensions de l’histoire irlandaise. Celles-ci s’épanouissent dans un entremêlement de narrations contradictoires du conflit israélo- palestinien, qui animent le discours politique irlandais autour du débat sur l’identité postcoloniale de l’Irlande. Cet exposé propose une analyse des manifestations de solidarité transnationale avec Israël et la Palestine, que ce soit à l’échelle nationale et supranationale, des partis politiques, ou des syndicats et des associations civiles. Il s’attache à mettre en lumière les facteurs, à la fois historiques, et par là-même ancrés dans l’identité de l’Etat irlandais et de l’Irlande du Nord, mais aussi stratégiques, diplomatiques et religieux, qui participent à une domestication irlandaise du conflit au Moyen-Orient. La récupération politique de ce conflit dans la propagande du militantisme républicain irlandais au début des années 1970, mais aussi dans les discours politiques et au sein de la société civile, ainsi que la réaction pro-israélienne plus récente, qui échappent encore à un apport théorique, constituent le cœur de ce travail de recherche. / The starting-point of the writing of this thesis is the observation of the strong commitment of a layer of Irish civil society – from the man on the street to political parties, associations and trade unions – to the defence of one antagonist or the other in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, ever since the Six Day War in 1967, which aroused international indignation. This phenomenon is particularly striking in Northern Ireland, where Israeli and Palestinian flags have been flown by Unionists and Nationalists as signs of solidarity and identification. The purpose of this research is to look into the origins and the evolutions of such expressions of transnational solidarity, by defining the multifaceted Irish approach to the Middle-East question. This approach is based on a prism of domestic readings of the conflict, originating from different conceptions of Irish history. Indeed, the intermingling of the sometimes contradictory readings of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict feeds into the Irish political debate, revolving around the supposedly postcolonial identity of Ireland. This thesis develops an analysis of the transnational solidarity in Ireland with Israel and Palestine, be it at a national or supranational level, from political parties, trade unions and civil associations. It endeavours to cast light on the factors which structure the Irish domestication of the conflict in the Middle East, be they historical and connected to the very identity of the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland, or strategic, diplomatic and religious. The political exploitation of the conflict in Irish republican propaganda from the beginning of the 1970s, bolstered by connections with Palestinian resistance movements, and the more recent pro-Israeli response particularly within Unionism, which have never been analysed together in a comparative way, are at the core of this research.