No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Research literature on homelessness makes frequent reference to shame, but with little inquiry into the role shame may play in the lives of homeless men. This study used Consensual Qualitative Research methodology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997) to interview 24 men in a small Midwestern city to explore how homeless men experience shame. The results from this study indicate that shame is experienced as a "painful sense of worthlessness and failure" whereby men attribute their homelessness to their own perceived characterological flaws. To avoid the painful experience of shame and stigma, homeless men appear to develop and use defense strategies. While the defense strategies may help alleviate the effects of shame and stigma in the immediate, the strategies appear to negatively affect opportunities that facilitate an exodus from homelessness. This study also found that despite living in a transitional shelter, rare mention was made of plans to exit homelessness. Presented too are the limitations and implications of this research.

Agency is the capacity of an entity to act independently in a world. Many previous studies have demonstrated that inanimate objects without human or animal traits are under some circumstances perceived as having features of animate objects and can elicit attribution of mental states like motivation, emotion or intention. There are three main types of cues that evoke attribution of agency: morphological cues (head, face, biomechanical movement), behavioral cues (self-propelled movement, goal-directedness, changes in speed or direction, unpredictability, principle of rational (efficient) action) and communicative cues (interaction). In the current study we focused on examinaton of behavioral irregularity and its role in eliciting agency attribution to simple geometric figures. The aim of this study was to verify whether behavioral irregularity can lead to attribution of agency to irregular object. Two studies were designed to test this possibility. In Study A participants (N=20) watched a sequence of priming videoclips displaying four moving geometric shapes. In every trial one object was automatically selected and participans were asked to evaluate its movement on a seven-point scale. Six attributes related to attribution of agency (animacy, goal-directedness, freedom, dynamism, rationality and...

Asset prices and macroeconomics: towards a unified macro-finance framework Aleš Maršál March 30, 2020 Abstract The dissertation consists of three papers focused on fiscal policy and explaining what determines the dynamics of cross-sectional distribution of bond prices. The connecting factor of the thesis is however not just its main theme but also the used methodology. The valuation of bonds and effects of studied policies are endogenous outcome of the full-fledged macro-finance dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The first chapter provides broader context and non-technical summary of the three papers in following chapters. The first paper studies the role of trend inflation in bond pricing. Motivated by recent empirical findings that emphasize low-frequency movements in inflation as a key determinant of term structure, we introduce trend inflation into the workhorse macro-finance model. We show that this compromises the earlier model success and delivers implausible busi- ness cycle and bond price dynamics. We document that this result applies more generally to non-linearly solved models with Calvo pricing and trend inflation and is driven by the behavior of price dispersion, which is i) counterfactually high and ii) highly inaccurately approximated. We highlight the channels be- hind the undesired performance...

BACKGROUND: Audit and feedback interventions have the potential to improve clinical care. Electronically captured administrative and clinical data routinely collected in Canadian hospitals may be used to provide feedback to physicians in general medicine in-patient care. The computation of appropriate quality indicator requires patient care to be attributed to individual physician(s). The appropriate attribution method in contexts where multiple physicians are involved in the care with varying degree of responsibilities that change over time is not straight forward. There has so far been little guidance in the literature of how to best accomplish this. The objective of this study is to identify trade-offs of different physician attribution methods by applying them to the same large clinical dataset. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the GEMINI dataset consisting of administrative and clinical data of hospitalized patients discharged from General Medicine service between April 1, 2010 and October 31, 2017 extracted from electronic systems at 7 hospitals in the Greater Toronto Area. A set of four quality indicators (length of stay, 30-day re-admission, in-patient mortality, use of advanced imaging) used in an audit and feedback intervention was calculated for each physician using 5 different physician attribution methods: STRICT (only patients with the same admitting, discharging, and most responsible physician with length of stay less than 14 days were included to capture those patients whose care was provided by only 1 physician), ADMIT (attribute care to admitting physician), DISCHARGE (attribute care to discharging physician), MRP (attribute care to most responsible physician), and ANY (attribute care to admitting, discharging, and most responsible physicians). The comprehensiveness and comparability of each attribution method were calculated. The actual differences of the indicator value and physician ranking for each indicator was compared between each pair of attribution methods. RESULTS: 222,490 hospitalization cared for by 203 physicians were included. STRICT attribution method was least comprehensive, capturing only 40% of patients cared for by a physician), while ADMIT, DISCHARGE, and MRP captured 70% of patients. All attribution methods produced patient populations for individual physicians that were comparable to those seen at each hospital. STRICT attribution method resulted in length of stay values 4.7 to 6.8 days shorter than other attribution methods and had poor rank correlation of physicians when compared to other attribution methods (spearman rank correlation 0.27 to 0.52). Absolute differences for the other 3 indicators were small between all attribution methods, and relative ranking of physicians were reasonably preserved (strong or very strong rank correlation). INTERPRETATION: Different attribution methods have different comprehensiveness, but all produced mostly comparable patient populations for physicians. Certain attribution method can affect apparent physician performance for some quality indicators but not others. The impact of physician attribution methods deserve consideration during the design of audit and feedback interventions. / Graduate

The purpose of this study was to develop an Attribution of Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities (AREHD) scale. A convenience sample of undergraduate college students (n = 423) at four Midwestern universities was recruited to respond to the survey. A pilot test with undergraduate students (n = 23) found the survey had good acceptability and readability level (SMOG = 11th grade). Using exploratory factor analysis we found the two a priori subscales were confirmed: individual responsibility and social determinants. Internal reliabilities of the subscales were: individual responsibility (alpha = 0.87) and social determinants (alpha = 0.90). Test-retest stability reliabilities were: individual responsibility (r = 0.72) and social determinants (r = 0.69). The AREHD subscales are satisfactory for assessing college student's AREHD.

Finns det en skillnad i skuldbeläggning beroende på klädsel eller kön? Människor försöker ofta förstå varför människor gör som de gör. När stereotyper skapas för grupper av människor tenderar de att bygga på attribut som särskiljer en grupp från andra. Studier på området visar att kvinnor själva skattar högre empati än män och kvinnor bedöms få lägre straff.  Det visar även att empati är ett fenomen som sker mellan människor. I denna studie användes en vinjettstudie som mätte skuldbeläggning för gärningsman och empati för brottsoffret i en fiktiv misshandelssituation. Via webbenkäter deltog 166 personer, varav 110 kvinnor. Empati mättes med Batsons empati-skala. Resultaten visade att ju högre skattad empati för brottsoffret, desto högre straff tilldelades gärningsmannen. Kvinnor skattade högre empati än män. Gärningsmän som inte bär väst framstår som mer hotfulla än gärningsmän som bär väst vilket inte förväntades. Visuella vinjetter skulle kunna förstärka uppfattningar av situationer i framtida studier.

The internalization of heterosexism places lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals at disproportionately higher risks of depression and self-destructive behaviors. For LGB Christians, this phenomenon is often exacerbated. Although literature on heterosexism has increased, little research has examined more insular, religious environments. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Christian denominational religiosity and heterosexism and to compare the degree of religiosity and heterosexism between members of 5 Christian denominations and between same-sex sexuality perspectives in the southern United States. Guided by the attribution theory, a correlational, cross-sectional survey design was used to analyze degree of religiosity and heterosexism among 225 self-identifying Christians as measured by the Religiosity Measure and Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale. A Pearson Correlation revealed a large, positive relationship between religiosity and heterosexism. Two ANOVAs revealed significant differences in degrees of religiosity among denominations and same-sex sexuality perspective, in addition to significant differences in degrees of heterosexism among denominations and same-sex sexuality perspectives. Implications for positive social change center on illuminating the effects of heterosexism in insular environments, which may contribute to the understanding of heterosexist ideology including heteronormative assumptions that are replete throughout the United States, including mental health professions. Moreover, LGB Christians may particularly benefit from understanding the variability and distinctions within denominational religiosity, such that denominational choices become evident and viable options.