The thesis cocnsists of three parts. First, concern on musuems and marketing generally, point out the importance of the audience survey. Second part is a essence of this thesis. Gives information about National museum and its marketing. Part is the survey of National museum audience. The last part brings a suggestion of project based on results of surveys. This project is meant to make the exhobition of National museum more attractive for visitors.

Although efforts have been made by the Afghan government and its international partners to promote the tents of gender equality in Afghan society, biases against women and other marginalized groups persist in the society and media sector, particularly. The current study is a timely research because feminist media studies are an under-researched field in the context of Afghanistan. My research aims to be a contribution to this field and open a path for Afghan feminist media studies. The current study explores the representations of gender relations in transnational television soap operas broadcast on Afghan television stations, audiences’ decoding of the representations, and the role of the media in promoting social change. The selected soap operas for the study are Paiman and Qesay Maa, Turkish television soap operas dubbed in the Dari language. The current study is based on feminist theory and feminist methodology, providing a balance of content and reception analysis. Drawing on feminist media studies and focusing on media representations, the content analysis of transnational soap operas echoed previous studies on representations of gender relations and indicated that gender relations are often portrayed in stereotypical and traditional manners. The content analysis further demonstrated that women are objectified in different ways and are often represented as domestic, passive, selfless beings in men’s service. Moreover, relationships between women are often based on rivalry, hatred, and shaming and often without any particular reason. The study also found that contrary to women, men are often represented at outdoor and professional settings. Additionally, grounded on encoding/decoding model through a feminist lens, the thematic analysis of focus group discussions demonstrated that audiences constantly interact with media text and actively make meaning. Interestingly, FGD findings further indicated that as active viewers, both female and male participants, derive multiple and often diverse meanings from the media text. Although both female and male participants problematize the content of transnational soap operas, their interpretations of representations of gender relations and gender equality are dissimilar. The study concludes that transnational soap operas, and the media in general, can play an important role in promoting social change in Afghanistan, particularly gender parity through the Entertainment-Education strategy. However, an intersectional framework is essential in designing EE programmes for promoting gender equality in a diverse society like Afghanistan.

La Cour d'assises : une juridiction séculaire et atypique en perpétuelle quête de rénovation. Indubitablement, la Révolution française demeurera l’événement majeur de l'histoire des institutions françaises. Par le renoncement à la société d'Ancien Régime, les nouveaux constituants bouleversèrent durablement la vision de la société, l'identité et les grands principes des institutions. Dans ce contexte de profondes mutations, on assista à l'émergence d'une « autre Justice », un service public construit sur des assises modernes et durables. Ainsi, en matière criminelle, la loi des 16 et 21 septembre 1791 institua une juridiction singulière, le tribunal criminel départemental – qui deviendra quelques années plus tard la Cour d'assises –. Cette institution se distingua dès son origine par sa composition mixte associant magistrats professionnels et citoyens tirés au sort. Près de 250 ans après son adoption, cette juridiction criminelle perdure dans le paysage institutionnel. De la sorte, on peut s'interroger sur les raisons de la longévité d'une institution trop souvent envisagée à travers le prisme de la Révolution. Le but de cette thèse était donc d'étudier les dynamiques qui présidèrent à l'évolution de celle-ci. Car, au fil de son existence, la Cour d'assises a sensiblement évolué, dans sa composition et dans son fonctionnement jusqu'à y voir l'abandon de la figure révolutionnaire et la dénaturation de l'institution originelle. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée au particularisme structurel de la Cour d'assises, sa composition mixte. Car associer des techniciens du droit à des citoyens néophytes a toujours été un choix controversé. Dans un premier titre, l'institution populaire est envisagée sous l'angle historique et sous la question de la légitimité. Il s'agit alors de comprendre non seulement les raisons qui gouvernèrent l'adoption d'une telle forme de justice, mais également celles qui expliquent sa préservation. Dans un second titre, le propos se concentre sur l'identité des juges professionnels et populaires appelés à composer les Cours d'assises.La seconde partie de cette thèse a trait au fonctionnement de la juridiction criminelle. Longtemps sa composition mixte commanda un fonctionnement particulier, distinct de celui des autres juridictions pénales. Pourtant, il est notable que des réformes successives ont imposé une certaine rupture avec la vision révolutionnaire suscitant ainsi des mutations profondes de la procédure de jugement criminel. Dans un premier titre, on envisage la procédure criminelle sous l'angle des acteurs du procès criminel, dans la gestion des débats. Aussi est-il encore nécessaire de s'interroger sur l'efficacité actuelle de la discussion criminelle. Dans un second titre, c'est la phase décisoire du procès criminel, récemment sujet de réformes d'ampleur, qui est examinée. Le travail de recherche a donc porté sur les réformes successives qui ont affecté la juridiction d'assises.Celle-ci, bien qu'ancienne et toujours attachée à son histoire, est une institution en perpétuel renouvellement. / The French "Cour d'assises" : an age-old and atypical court of laws constantly reforming itself. The French Revolution certainly remains a major event in French history. As the Ancien Régime failed, the vision of society matured, such as the way we consider public institutions. In that context of acute transformations, we could witness the birth of another kind of justice based on modern and sustainable principles. Above all, new constituents established, for criminal law, a very extraordinary jurisdiction : the Cour d'assises. The main peculiarity of that institution consisted in its joint composition, as professional magistrates had to work with ordinary citizens to judge. 250 years later, this criminal jurisdiction still lasts. So, we can wonder why this so old institution is still working. This thesis aims to study movments that have affected the Cour d'assises troughout years. Actually, that institution has noticeably evolved in its composition and its working, so that it no longer looks like the institution established during the XVIIIth century. The first section deals with the joint composition of the court. In fact, couple law professionals to neophytes is certainly a controversial choice. A first sub-section intends, through an history of jury, to explain why a popular court had been chosen to punish crimes. In this part, we also wonder about the legitimacy of that kind of Justice. A second sub-section looks at the members of jury's identity. The second section of the thesis deals with the institution's working. For a long time, the composition of the court explained how it worked. However, successive reforms renew the institution. A first sub-section takes into consideration the role each of the members of the criminal court plays during proceedings. It also questions about the efficiency of the criminal trial. A second sub-section is dedicated to the final phase of the criminal process, which has recently been reformed. To sump up, the research deals with successive reforms that have deeply affected the French criminal court. In spite the fact it is an old institution, always attached to the French Revolution, the Cour d'assises is an institution that goes on reforming itself.

This diploma thesis deals with food blogs as a current phenomenon. The theoretical part first brings a look at the historical context and development that preceded the existence of blogs. It focuses on communication, media and the Internet. It also offers definitions of these key and related terms and theoretical background that are needed to understand the context. Subsequently, the work discusses journalism and the position of blogs in this field. It continues with a detailed elaboration of the topic of blogs. It analyzes their historical context in our country and in the world, defines concepts, distinguishes types of blogs, draws attention to the pitfalls of blogging, deals with etiquette and laws, presents current trends and surveys, addresses authors - bloggers and their motivation, the position of bloggers towards journalists, the expected future and influencers. The following part deals with the audience, the audience of the blogosphere and methods of its research. The theoretical part concludes with a text that deals specifically with food blogs, their beginnings and development, food studies, sharing gastronomic experiences and related concepts, and also presents a list of currently successful global and Czech food bloggers. The aim of the theoretical part is to bring a compact view of...

The diploma thesis deals with the marketing communication of the e-commerce selling food and needs for dogs. The thesis is based on the theoretical knowledge on which the analysis is based. Data from the analysis is then processed and interpreted in order to make communication with the target group more efficient and increase the return on investments inserted into individual communication channels.

Orientador: Murilo César Soares / Banca: Magali do Nascimento Cunha / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Resumo: Às vésperas de completar 100 anos em 2010, o pentecostalismo no Brasil se mostra como um fenômeno complexo, multifacetado, desafiando comunicadores, empresários da mídia, sociólogos, pastores, crentes, ateus e também pesquisadores da comunicação social, já que na contemporaneidade as experiências religiosas são impulsionadas pela adoção da cultura mediática. Essas experiências fermentam em programas como o Show da Fé comandado pelo líder da Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus (IIGD), R. R. Soares, instituição religiosa objeto deste estudo. Visto acreditar que fenômenos sociais não são uniformes e tampouco que os produtos religiosos sejam livres de contradições, a pesquisa busca compreender a visibilidade mediática religiosa no tecido das relações sociais dos adeptos que assistem o Show da Fé. Ou seja, a pesquisa analisa a comunicação religiosa sob um outro ângulo, distinto da visão linear da transmisssão da mensagem, entendendo aquela comunicação como processo mediado pelas práticas sociais e culturais que se constroem no cotidiano, onde a constituição da subjetividade é resultado das maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos interagem entre si perante a mensagem. Assim, a pesquisa - um estudo de recepção na linha das mediações socioculturais - permitiu, entre outros aspectos, observar nos usos e hábitos de consumo televisivo a dialética denomiada por Martín-Barbero consumo objetivação de desejos/lugar de diferenciação social e processo ritual, evidenciando que o grupo de pertença exerce influência para a ressignificação do desejo do adepto. Foi possível identificar que a chave do gênero do programa Show da Fè é o poder de acionar ou despertar no imaginário dos adeptos um outro mundo, cujo senso de ordem interna, integração e direção faz com que o homem se sinta mais forte para suportar as dificuldades da existência. / Abstract: On the verge of completing 100 years in 2010, Pentecostalism in Brazil turns out to be a complex, multifaceted, phenomenon, which challenges communication, media entrepreneurs, sociologists, preachers, believers, atheists and social communication reserachers, once nowadays new religious experiences are moved by the adoption of the mediatic culture. There are now widely shown experiences on broadcasts such as "Show da Fé" (The show of faith) hosted by R. R. Soares, the leader of "Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus" (International Church of the Grace of God), which is the religious institution being this study's main topic. Having in mind the belief that social phenomenons are not uniform and also being aware that it is not possible to believe that the religious products are free from contradiction, the research opted to look for understanding the religious mediatic visibility through the thread of social relationships of those who adopt "The show of faith". It means the research analyses the religious communication form a different angle, distinct from the linear view of message transmission, understanding that sort of communication as the process mediated by cultural and social practices which are built everyday, where the constitution of subjectivity is a way of analyzing the ways through which the individuals interact with the message. Thus, the research- a study on reception following the research line of the socio-cultural meditiation - allowed, among other aspects, to notice in the uses and habits of television consumerism the dialect named by Martin-Barbero as wish/place of social differentiation and ritual process objectification consumerism, evidencing that the group of belonging exerts influence for the re-seignification of the follower's wish. It was possible to identify that the key for the broadcast genre of Show da Fé (The show of faith) is the power... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Media is used by audiences for more than its simple role as information provider. Audiences have been found to use news providers output in a multitude of ways. It has been found that some audience members have used such output as a way to gain social capital that aids in the generation of feelings of social cohesion with their community. This has been found to be especially true during the impact phase of a natural disaster, such as a hurricane (Perez-Lugo, 2004). Unfortunately what news providers specifically articulate that might have this latent use by audiences has not been studied as much as would be necessary for a concrete understanding of the topic that would aid other news providers in designing output during future disasters. As such, here this paper will explore what the content of the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper articulated during the impact phase of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans that had the potential to serve this latent function for its readers.

Als Richard Wagner in Riga an seiner ersten großen Oper Rienzi arbeitete, war er der Ansicht, daß hier keine Möglichkeit bestehe, ein Bühnenwerk von solchen Anforderungen aufzuführen. Das Stadttheater, in dem von 1782 Opern- und Theatervorstellungen stattfanden, war seiner Meinung nach nicht geeignet, die "große tragische Oper", die zweifelsohne entscheidende Anklänge an die Große Oper Spontinis und Meyerbeers aufwies, aufzuführen. Lag es an der Räumlichkeit des Gebäudes oder spielten da andere Tatsachen ihre Rolle?

Operntheater und -truppen sind im Vergleich zu dramatischem Theater und Schauspieltruppen viel seltener: ich schätze die Proportion Opernhaus zu Theatereinrichtungen etwa 1:7. Auch in Lettland ist das so. Aber eine genauere Prüfung dieses Zustandes zeigt auch andere Möglichkeiten und Gesetzmäßigkeiten.

Der vorliegende Beitrag ist eine Skizze, die das bereits in der knappen Zeitspanne von 1881 bis etwa 1900 mehrfach wechselnde Verhältnis zwischen russischen und italienischen Operntruppen in Petersburg zu umreißen versucht.