The purpose of this study was to examine tenant participation in self-sufficiency programs in Hampton Public Housing and to explore relationships that might exist between participation in programs, demographic factors, and housing values. A theoretical framework was developed based on the human needs theory and an adaptation of the home values test. Programs offered to the Pine Chapel community of Hampton, Virginia were ranked by HUD administrators to determine programs most likely to assist residents in achieving self-sufficiency. Higher ranked programs were related to education for adults and children. Data was collected from 42 residents. The sample consisted, primarily of black female single parents between 19 and 25 years old. Chi Square analysis was performed to test three hypotheses. Marital status, number of dependents, and household type were found to be significantly related to level of program participation. Findings indicate that households most likely to be involved in higher-level programs were married-couple households, households with two dependents, or dual-parent and multi-generational households. Most respondents had lower-level housing values. However, marital status was significantly related to housing values. Households most likely to have higher level housing values were those where respondents were separated, widowed, or divorced. No significant relationship was found between the level of program participation and the level of housing values. Conclusions reached were that households with two adults present may have offered more opportunities for respondents’ participation in educational programs. Most participant households included children and their program involvement often centered around children. / Master of Science

Yes / Second generation web-based technologies (Web 2.0) such as social media and networking sites are increasingly being used by governments for activities ranging from open policy making to communication campaigns and customer service. However, this in turn has brought about additional challenges. By its very nature, Web 2.0 technologies are more interactive than the traditional models of information provision or creation of digital services. Such technologies open up a new set of benefits, costs and risks to those government authorities who make use of these social and digital media to enhance their work. This study draws on the extant literature together with an in-depth qualitative case enquiry to propose an emergent framework for evaluating the intra-organisational use of Web 2.0 technologies and its impact on local government. The study findings identified additional four factors (i.e. benefits: intra-marketing, informal engagement, costs: workload constraints and risk: integration with other systems) as part of the evaluation criteria which have not previously been discussed in the existing literature surrounding the context of Web 2.0 use in local government. The study concludes that a combined analysis of the evaluation and impact assessment factors, rather than one particular approach would better assist decision makers when implementing Web 2.0 technologies for use by public administration employees.

Aim: This paper aims to produce a serviced office concept adjusted to Statens fastighetsverk. The concept will make SFV:s properties more attractive for renting.   Method: Information has been collected from interviews with 13 different serviced office companies, one serviced office agent and eleven government authorities. Also litterateur, reports and internet have been used in gathering information. I will use following questions: ¨      How is the serviced office concept designed? ¨      Which customer segment should SFV direct to and what need does the segment have? ¨      How shall a marketing plan look like for the concept? ¨      How should a concept designed for SFV look like?   Result & Conclusions: Serviced office space is a company that letting functional workspace with access to shared facilities e.g. reception, office machines, internet, phone and more. Serviced offices have one distinguishing feature, very flexible let agreements. In this paper my conclusion is that government authorities are a suitable customer for suggested concept, especially government authorities with head quarters outside the Stockholm region. They have to be present in Stockholm with either employees that perform work from distant and have the need of coordinated workspace or commute workers that have the need of mobile workspace and meeting rooms. SFV can meet this need with suggested concept and to simplify I named the concept Myndighetscentret. The concept is developed on the basis of to the needs of government authorities and it’s divided in two parts, one part with conference and one with letting of workspace. The workspace area has different types of workstation to match the different needs of the customer. ¨      Mobile workspace suited for customers with temporary need of workspace. ¨      Cell office of different sizes suited for customers with permanently need of workspace. I believe that governmental authorities can benefit from this concept and be seemed as innovative thinking of SFV and a will of develop their property. I also believe SFV:s properties with many cell offices are suited to this concept because of the secrecy between governmental authorities.   Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to do a quantitative research of the governmental authorities’ exact needs and how big it is. Also research Swedish serviced office market and the future of it would be interesting.   Contribution of the thesis: In this report I have shown that governmental authorities in Sweden have a need for variant types of workspace in Stockholm and developed a concept for SFV to meet this need.

The evolution of internet has affected society in many ways. Organizations and authorities offer their services on their many corresponding websites. Consequently, secure connections to these websites are a necessity, in addition to continuously evaluate their security. Many studies exist on website security analysis of some set of websites and it is found that researchers often develop and utilize several toolsand scripts for their studies - one for collecting data, one for parsing the output, and one for visualizing the data. Undoubtedly, this whole process is labor intensive, and for this reason we in this thesis propose a tool that automates this whole process. Moreover, the Swedish authorities and their corresponding websites provide information and services regarding their specific areas of expertise that are essential for the functioning of the Swedish society. As such, this puts a high expectation of the usage of state-of-the-art security technology and best practice implementations on these websites in order to keep the Swedish society functioning and keep their websites’ visitors safe. For this reason, we in this thesis focus on mainly two things: 1. Design and develop a tool that will be easy to use to collect a set of websites’ security parameter implementations and best practices, and thereafter automatically and adequately visualize this data to assess the websites’ security readiness; and 2. Demonstrate the developed tool on the Swedish authorities’ websites to assess their website security readiness. The result shows a good overall security in the Swedish authorities’ websites, though there is room for improvement.

This diploma thesis is focused on implementation evaluation of strategic management on the level of local regional authorities. According to extensiveness of this issue, it's concretely targeted on usage of modern methods of management and quality, which have been discused a lot during last years. In the theoretical part of this thesis there are mentioned basic principles that include individual requirements to current public administrational reform. Further the most important methods and tools are presented here (authorities are aspiring to use them to improve their own services). The practical part is mainly focused on research of current modern methods use on czech regional authorities. These methods are being consequently compared with effected similar research on austrian regional authorities. Research evaluation is applied for convenient comparing example to extrapolation of another classifications and recommendations.

SARAs have been established to achieve dual objectives of improving efficiency and controlling corruption in tax administrations. Key question for this research include: why some SARAs have failed to effectively control opportunities for corruption and what should be done about it? To explore these questions, this thesis has set out an Anti-Corruption SARA Framework. The novel contribution of this thesis lies in developing the new lens (analytical framework) which causes us to see the topic of SARAs against corruption quite differently (due to differentiating between motivations and opportunities for corruption). In order to analyze the validity of the framework, a two-staged analysis of SARAs, labelled as the macro and micro analysis, was conducted for SARAs and Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) in Pakistan. In the macro level of analysis (through secondary literature analysis), it was found that SARAs made partial progress to control corruption by focusing more on controlling motivations for corruption (through personnel autonomy) and lesser focus on controlling opportunities for corruption (through effective accountability). In the micro analysis (through semi-structured interviews and secondary literature), it was found that FBR remained ineffective in controlling both motivations and opportunities for corruption despite focusing more on controlling motivations for corruption (through personnel autonomy) and lesser focus on controlling opportunities for corruption (through effective accountability). In both macro and micro analyses, continued interference from Ministries of Finance (MoF) was found to undermine not only effective accountability for SARAs and FBR, but also undermining control of opportunities for corruption. Findings of both macro and macro level of analysis resulted in three main recommendations. These findings pointed towards a recommendation of reforming SARAs into an organizational form which is far more disaggregated from the parent ministry, such that SARAs have no accountability link with MoFs in the presence of other effective oversight bodies. It is recommended that SARA countries should develop this understanding about importance of balancing both autonomy and accountability mechanisms to be fully effective against corruption for controlling both motivations and opportunities for corruption. Thirdly, research findings point towards a case of converting FBR into a SARA in the form of Pakistan Revenue Authority, such that it is free from any direct oversight by the MoF, and in contrast should be subjected to effective oversight by other oversight bodies, such as already existing Cabinet Committee for Federal Revenue.

Актуальность темы обусловлена угрозой экстремистских и террористических преступлений, как для отдельных государств, так и для мирового сообщества в целом. Экстремисты стремятся расколоть общество и погрузить его в гражданскую войну. Для того, чтобы обезопасить общество необходимо не только бороться с конкретными экстремистскими и террористическими группировками, но и с идеями, которыми они вдохновляют других. До тех пор, пока будут распространяться экстремистские настроения, смертники по всему миру будут вдохновляться на совершение новых преступлений. В связи с этим необходимо четко выяснить существующие меры противодействия этим явлениям и разработать недостающие методы для профилактики и преодоления возникающих угроз. / The relevance of the topic is due to the threat of extremist and terrorist crimes, both for individual States and for the world community as a whole. Extremists seek to split society and plunge it into civil war. In order to protect society, it is necessary not only to fight against specific extremist and terrorist groups, but also with the ideas that they inspire others. As long as extremist sentiments continue to spread, suicide bombers around the world will be inspired to commit new crimes. In this regard, it is necessary to clearly identify existing measures to counter these phenomena and develop the missing methods to prevent and overcome emerging threats.

I Sverige ökar antalet nyanlända människor som ska etablera sig i det svenska samhället. Sysselsättning och deltagande på den svenska arbetsmarknaden har visat sig vara grundläggande för att integrering av nyanlända ska ske så snabbt som möjligt. Samtidigt är Arbetsförmedlingen en av de allra första myndigheterna som en nyanländ möter i Sverige. Studien har därmed avsett att undersöka Arbetsförmedlingens interkulturella kommunikationsarbete med syfte att bringa klarhet kring hur en svensk myndighet arbetar gentemot dess multikulturella befolkning. Myndighetens kommunikationsarbete har studerats utifrån begreppet interkulturell kommunikation inom organisationer och studien bygger på fem stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer och en gruppintervju med anställda vid Arbetsförmedlingen.     Resultatet av studien visar att myndigheten i högsta grad arbetar med interkulturell kommunikation gentemot deras nyanlända medborgare, samtidigt som många hinder försvårar myndighetens kommunikationsarbete. Språket är den främsta svårigheten, där tolkens roll blir oerhört viktig och antingen hjälper eller stjälper kommunikationen. Samtidigt bidrar många andra orsaker, så som svagt förtroende för myndigheter, traumatiserade människor eller bristande resurser till att myndigheten inte kan utföra sitt kommunikativa arbete på bästa sätt. / In Sweden, the numbers of immigrants are constantly increasing. Participation at the Swedish labour market is crucial when it comes to a successful establishment for the newcomers. Arbetsförmedlingen (the Swedish labour authority), is also one of the first authorities a newcomer encounters once in Sweden. With this in consideration, this study was designed to investigate the intercultural communication work at Arbetsförmedlingen with the aim to bring clarity around how a Swedish authority works toward its growing multicultural population. We have studied Arbetsförmedlingens communicational work based on the concept of intercultural communication within organizations. The study is based on four semi-structured interviews and one group interview with employees at Arbetsförmedlingen.   The result of the study shows that the government authority works with intercultural communication towards their newcomers on a high level but obstacles in the intercultural communication hamper the communicational efforts. Language barriers are seen as the main difficulty, and the interpreter’s role becomes extremely important and can either help or hinder the communication. At the same time, many other difficulties are contributing to communicational problems for the authority. Lack of trust in authorities, traumatized people and lack of resources hinders the authority to achieve a truly good intercultural communication.

Le développement durable territorial se compose de deux axes. Chaque collectivité est censée concilier les piliers du développement durable sur son territoire, puis articuler sa démarche de développement durable avec celles des autres collectivités. Ainsi, l’application du développement durable serait généralisée et harmonieuse. Cependant, le manque de force contraignante de ces deux axes emporte deux conséquences opposées. Une partie des collectivités profitent de la marge de manœuvre qui leur est laissée pour adapter le développement durable aux spécificités de leurs territoires. A l’inverse, d’autres collectivités tirent avantage de ce droit « doux » pour appliquer le développement durable de manière superficielle, voire pour en faire abstraction. En outre, les inégalités entre les territoires rompent la cohésion territoriale et la solidarité inhérentes à la notion de développement durable. En l’état actuel du droit, l’application du développement durable par chaque collectivité est inaccessible. Des moyens juridiques permettent d’étendre le développement durable au-delà des seules collectivités volontaires. Ceux-ci présentent, néanmoins, des failles. Pour que chaque collectivité territoriale soit tenue de mettre en œuvre le développement durable, le droit doit être modifié. Le premier axe doit devenir un standard. Ainsi, les collectivités pourront adapter le développement durable aux caractéristiques de leurs territoires, mais plus l’ignorer. Une décentralisation qui obligerait à une meilleure articulation entre les échelons de collectivité permettrait de mieux respecter le deuxième axe du développement durable. Enfin, une péréquation mieux pensée soutiendra financièrement ces modifications juridiques. / Two milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes.

This thesis mainly deals with workplace skills, personal qualities and job requirements of an Elementary School Head Master. Is reveals some valuable information on the headmaster's own perception of business success in Prague - The Czech Republic's capital city. In general, the Thesis consists of two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to Head Master's personality assessment and is mainly focused on the importance of personal integrity, qualities, skills and personality typology as well. It summarizes all the extensive knowledge and draws the attention to the main purpose and aims of personal management itself. Furthermore, it reflects some experience from the real leadership background. The second part of the thesis treats qualitative and quantitative data analysis and all the following outcomes. For the above-mentioned occupation, mixed research method was used to determine the Key Success Factors. It highlights some critical aspects from the employer's /authorities' viewpoint as these may vary according to many factors involved. The final outcome may clarify what the key success factors really are. KEYWORDS: Elementary School Head Master, Personality, Personal Management, Success, Employer /Authorities