Den här undersökningen handlar om Göteborg idrottsnämnd och utforskar nämndens struktur mellan 1956 och 1975. Studien förklarar varför vissa blev anställda av idrottsnämnden och varför andra inte blev anställda samt varför vissa personer kunde ta plats i nämndens styrelse. Den besvarar alltså två frågor: - Vilka egenskaper och bakgrund hade de som blev anställda och sökte anställning hos Göteborgs idrottsnämnd? - Hur kan Göteborgs idrottsnämnds urvalsprocess förstås i relation till kategorierna klass, status och kapital? Genom att undersöka Göteborg Kommunalkalendrar och alla rekryteringsprocesser som kan hittas i idrottsnämndens protokoll presenterar jag en översikt av olika roller och tjänster och vilka egenskaper krävdes för att bli tilldelad så en roll eller tjänst. Efter den här översikten har presenterats följer en innehållsanalys där dessa resultat förklaras med hjälp av tidigare forskning kring idrott i Sverige samt Bourdieus och Webers teorier om status, klass och kapital. Den här analysen visar att det inte var enstaka faktorer som påverkade en persons chanser och möjligheter att bli tilldelad en tjänst eller en roll i styrelsen, utan att det var ett samspel mellan en rad egenskaper som kunde öka eller minska ens chanser. De viktigaste egenskaperna i det här samspelet var kön, ålder, utbildning, övriga kurser, arbetslivserfarenhet, tidigare anställning hos idrottsnämnden och, i styrelsens fall, politisk tillhörighet. Hur viktiga dessa egenskaper var verkar dock variera per tjänst/roll. Det står däremot fast att en arbetssökande måste ha ”rätt” kön, utbildning och bakgrund på arbetsmarknaden för att ens kunna söka vissa tjänster. / This study explores the structure of Gothenburg’s sports authority (Göteborgs idrottsnämnd) between 1956 and 1975 and aims to explain why certain persons were hired by this organization and why others were not, as well as explain why certain persons could took take place in the board why others could not. By looking at the recruitment procedures that took place during these years and Gothenburg’s official yearbooks, this paper first presents an overview of the characteristics and backgrounds of the board members, those who applied for a job and those who were recruited by the city’s sports authority in the end. The results have then been analyzed with the help of Weber’s and Bourdieu’s theories regarding status, class and capital to create a better understanding for the recruitment processes. The outcome of the analysis shows that the interplay between characteristics such as gender, age, education, additional courses, work experience and previous employment with Gothenburg’s sports authority all influenced a candidate’s opportunities and chances of being handed a specific role. For those who wanted to be part of the board it was also important to belong to one of the parties that governed the city.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This research examines the ways in which the rapid commoditisation of land in Ghana’s peri-urban areas is transforming local customary tenure systems. The research focuses on two selected research sites in Ghana’s peri-urban Kumasi, namely Aburaso and Kromoase. Rapid urbanisation has resulted in an increase in demand for housing land. Consequently, wealthy migrants are moving to peri-urban areas in search of relatively affordable residential land. This has accelerated the commoditisation of customary land in most peri-urban areas of Ghana. Customary forms of tenure are increasingly being converted into individual or private systems of land ownership. Evidence from this study shows that traditional authorities are increasingly alienating customary land without the consent of their subjects. The commoditisation of customary land in Aburaso and Kromoase has resulted in the decline of agrarian production as agricultural land is parcelled out to wealthy outsiders.

81 Thesis title Substantiation of Electronic Evidence Abstract Thesis deals with the substantiation of electronic evidence within the framework of criminal procedure. The importance of the issue of obtaining such a category of evidence further intensifies as the technology continues to develop. The various types of crime perpetrators simultaneously leave behind digital traces with regard to almost all cases. Therefore, the author focuses on the issue, whether is it possible to obtain such an evidence effectively. The author concurrently takes into account the question of whether the process of obtaining electronic evidence meet certain threshold of protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of an individual. Hence, the author analyses the characteristic of the individual relevant procedures. The issue of data retention, in other words the areal data collection and preservation in the light of recent case law as well as the possible adjustments to current legislation is subject to scrutiny. Attention is drawn, inter alia, to the novel procedure which enables preventive preservation of data important for the criminal proceedings. Furthermore, the author takes into account the issue of obtaining the content of the communication by means of electronic mail. Moreover, thesis deals with the partial...

Med hjälp av Internet har världens befolkning kunnat utforska oändligt många tjänster. Denna utveckling har dock lett till barriärer för personer med funktionsnedsättning. På grund av det har World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) tillsammans med Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) skapat Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG är riktlinjer skapade för att göra webbsidor mer tillgängliga för alla, inklusive människor med funktionsnedsättning. I Sverige finns lagen för digital offentlig service (DOS-lagen). För att upprätthålla denna lag krävs det att offentliga aktörer följer WCAG:s riktlinjer upp till och med nivå AA.Syftet med denna studie är att utifrån WCAG 2.1 få en förståelse över vilka tillgänglighetsproblem som är vanligast och om problemen korrelerar med använt webbramverk. Även de hinder som eventuellt kan finnas kring arbetet runt WCAG är av intresse. Detta för att ge underlag för framtida strategiska beslut för svenska offentliga aktörer för ett lyckat arbete med att uppfylla WCAG 2.1. En kvantitativ undersökning på 30 olika webbplatser har utförts med hjälp av ett automatiskt verktyg och en manuell undersökning av startsidorna. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med 4 olika offentliga aktörer för att kunna svara på om det finns hinder i arbetet med att följa WCAG 2.1.Resultatet beskriver de tillgänglighetsproblem som finns på de olika webbplatserna. Av kriterierna som undersöktes automatiskt var de vanligaste överträdda [1.3.1] som menar på att man ska använda HTML-element på ett korrekt sätt så innehåll kan presenteras, [4.1.1] som ska se till att koden valideras samt [4.1.2] som menar på att man ska se till att anpassade komponenter fungerar i hjälpmedel. Den manuella undersökningen visade de vanligaste överträdda kriterierna var [1.4.10] som menar på att man ska skapa en flexibel layout som fungerar vid olika skärmstorlekar och [3.3.3] som menar på att man ska kunna ge förslag på hur inmatningsfel kan rättas till vid olika sökfunktioner. Resultatet pekade även på att en korrelation mellan valt webbramverk och antalet webbtillgänglighetproblem inte existerade. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna kunde fastställa att det fanns en del utmaningar vid arbetet runt WCAG 2.1. De största orsakerna var kopplade till budget och resurser men också okunskap och inställning till WCAG. En annan utmaning var även kopplad till kompetens vid nyrekrytering. / With the help of Internet the world’s population have had the opportunity to explore the different services Internet has to offer. Although this amazing development has been advantageous to many people it has created barriers for people with different disabilities. Because of this the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) together with the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) have created Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). WCAG are guidelines for making web pages more accessible for everyone, including people with disabilities. In Sweden there is an existing law called the law of digital public service. This law demands public authorities to have accessible web pages and follow the WCAG guidelines up to level AA.The purpose of this study is, from the perspective of WCAG 2.1, to get an understanding of which accessibility problems that are most common and if there is a correlation between these problems and used web frameworks. The challenges that eventually exist around the work with WCAG 2.1 are also of interest. The purpose of this is to give basis for future strategic decision-making for Swedish public authorities. The methods that were being used during the study were both qualitative and quantitative. The quantitative research on 30 different web sites was executed with the help of an automatic testing tool and manual research of the start pages. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 4 different public authorities to find answers if there were any difficulties with the implementation of WCAG 2.1.The result describes the accessibility problems that exist on the different webpages. Of all the criterions evaluated in the automatic research, the most violated criterions were [1.3.1] which means to use HTML elements correctly so that content can be presented, [4.1.1] to make sure that the code validates and [4.1.2] to make sure that custom components work in assistive devices. The manual research showed that the most common criterions were [1.4.10] which means to create a flexible layout that works at different screen sizes and [3.3.3] which means that is should be possible to give suggestions on how errors can be corrected in different search functions. The result gave indications that there was no correlation between web framework used and amount of accessibility problems. The semi structured interviews concluded that there were many difficulties with the implementation of WCAG. The biggest reasons were connected to budget, resources, and attitude towards WCAG. Another challenge was connected to the amount of competence on WCAG when recruiting new employees.

This research investigates the shifting political settlements between the Ugandan state and the Bunyoro and Buganda kingdoms after the discovery of oil between 2007 and 2018. It seeks to answer the following questions using a historically, theoretically, and empirically grounded investigation: What accounts for the Bunyoro kingdom’s failure to benefit substantially from the discovery of oil on its territory? What lessons can be learnt from the Buganda kingdom’s relative success in negotiating with the central government and developing its own political and economic capacity independently of the state? The Bunyoro kingdom, located in the oil-rich Albertine Graben region of western Uganda, has failed to access significant economic benefits from the country’s emerging oil sector despite its historical ownership of the land on which the resource is found. This dissertation combines political settlements theory and the concept of extraversion to explain this empirical puzzle. It finds that the ruling National Resistance Movement (NRM)’s imposition of an exclusive political settlement in Uganda, coupled with the Bunyoro kingdom’s limited holding power, accounts for the kingdom’s failure to derive financial benefits from the oil sector. The relative marginalisation of the Bunyoro from Uganda’s oil sector results from the NRM’s historical strategy of limiting the power of sub-state groups who are subsequently excluded from the governing coalition. The main beneficiaries of the oil industry in Uganda are political elites within the ruling NRM coalition and their close associates. The Buganda kingdom serves as a control case study and reveals the potential strategies and structural changes the Bunyoro kingdom could pursue to potentially bypass Uganda’s exclusive settlement and therefore benefit from the country’s nascent oil sector. This dissertation also engages with broader debates on the struggles between the state and traditional kingdoms since independence in sub-Saharan Africa and how this intersects with the politics of natural resource governance. Since the inception of the modern state in the colonial era, kingdoms have engaged in a complex and dialogic relationship of indifference, cooperation, and contention with successive governing regimes. Some of the kingdoms challenged and resisted, albeit unsuccessfully the colonial imposition of a central state primarily because it led to their loss of political and economic power. Ultimately, the state and the kingdoms represent dual forms of nationality forced to co-exist in the post-colonial era, and this produces a complex mix of cooperation, contestation and strategic coexistence. The management and exploitation of natural resources, including oil, is embedded in this political context, and is often associated with adverse outcomes, such as rent-seeking, authoritarian governance, and sectarian violence. Some of these dynamics have accompanied the emergence of Uganda’s new oil industry, with political contestation occurring between the state and the Bunyoro kingdom which has unsuccessfully attempted to capture a share of oil revenue.

Denna studie undersöker hur statliga myndigheter är som hyresgäster på den svenska lokalhyresmarknaden. I studien analyseras myndigheternas hyreskontraktslängder samt den faktiska hyresperioden för respektive lokal. Därutöver utreds hur respektive myndighet hanterar sin lokalförsörjning både organisatoriskt och strategiskt. För att få en tillförlitlig perception om dagens situation har såväl historisk utveckling samt rådande trender och framtidsutsikter i den statliga lokalförsörjningen beaktats. Tidigare forskning kring myndigheters lokalhyrestider är begränsad, således är förhoppningen att denna studie ska bringa klarhet i detta. Vidare ämnar studiens syfte till att klargöra statliga myndigheters strategi gällande lokalförsörjning. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ del vilken innefattar intervjuer med fem statliga myndigheter. Dessa myndigheter är personalintensiva och har en sådan verksamhet som nyttjar en stor andel kontorsyta. Utöver den kvalitativa delen har en kvantitativ studie genomförts där myndigheternas hyreskontrakt analyserats, både historiska och nuvarande. Lokalförsörjning är inte statliga institutioners kärnverksamhet, detta har gjort att en vanlig uppfattning är att institutionerna inte prioreterar sin hyressituation. Denna studie visar att hyressituationen haft en sekundär roll men att myndigheterna idag fått kontroll eller arbetar med att få kontroll över sin hyressituation. Statliga myndigheter sitter kvar markant längre än de skriver hyreskontrakt på. En tendens är att de kortat ner sina kontraktslängder samtidigt som de sitter kvar längre i sina lokaler. Vid omlokalisering av en myndighet uppstår stora flyttkostnader detta medför att en myndighet hellre stannar kvar i sina lokaler än genomför en flytt. Vid ändrade förhållanden av hyressituationen föredras en anpassning av den befintliga lokalen framför en omlokalisering. Myndigheter som analyserats är Arbetsförmedlingen, Domstolsverket, Försäkringskassan, Polisen samt Skatteverket. / This study examines how government authorities behave as tenants in the Swedish rental market. The study analyses the authorities’ rental contract lengths and the actual rental period for each of the subject premises. In addition, the study investigates how each authority handles its premises, both organisationally and strategically. To get an accurate perception of the current situation, historical and current trends and future prospects of premises have been taken into account. As previous research of authorities’ rental periods is limited; this study aspires to bring clarity to the subject. Further, the purpose of the study is to clarify the government authorities’ policies and strategies regarding their premises rentals. The study is based on one qualitative part which includes interviews with five government authorities. These authorities are labour-intensive with businesses using large proportions of office space. In addition to the qualitative part, a quantitative study has been carried out, regarding historical and current government leases, followed by an analysis. Premises are not the core business of the Government institutions, which has led to a widespread belief that institutions are not prioritising their rental situation. This study shows that the rental situations historically have had a secondary role, but that authorities today have good control, or working to gain control of their rental situation. Government authorities are still occupying the premises significantly longer than the lease length they originally sign for. One tendency is that they have shortened their contract lengths, but stay longer in their facilities. A relocation of an authority is associated with major moving-costs, which is why Government authorities tend to occupy their existing premises instead of moving. The authorities prefer tenant improvements (TI’s) in their actual premises before relocation. Analyzed authorities are the Public Employment Service, the National Courts Administration, the Social Insurance Agency, the Police and the Tax Agency.

Syftet med studien var att med utgångspunkt i socialarbetares erfarenheter undersöka synen på och medvetenhet om makt i form av maktutövning och maktrelationer gentemot klienter. Vidare undersöktes om detta skiljer sig beroende på om socialarbetaren har en myndighetsutövande eller en behandlande roll och vilka arbetsuppgifter de utför. En kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer användes. Totalt fyra yrkesverksamma socialarbetare intervjuades, två myndighetsutövare och två behandlare. Som teoretisk referensram användes begreppen frikoppling och sammankoppling samt en maktförhållande matris, vilket möjliggjorde att analysera maktrelationerna utifrån både mikro- och makronivå. Tillsammans med tidigare forskning användes de teoretiska perspektiven för att analysera studiens resultat. Resultatet visade att socialarbetarna hade olika uppfattningar om makt och den maktrelation som uppstår mellan dem och klienterna oberoende av deras yrkesroller. Exempelvis utgjorde lagstiftning en mer väsentlig del av myndighetsutövarnas arbete än behandlarnas arbete. Denna konkreta skillnad i de respektive yrkesrollerna antyder att maktpositionen i förhållande till klienten var tydligare i det myndighetsutövande arbetet än i behandling. Till skillnad från de myndighetsutövande socialarbetarna behövde de behandlande socialarbetarna inte förmedla svåra besked eller beslut till klienterna. Myndighetsutövarna har även med sin beslutsrätt i det dagliga arbetet mer makt-över, medan behandlarna utifrån sitt nära arbete med klienterna har mer makt-tillsammans. / The purpose of the study was to, based on the experiences of social workers, examine the view of and awareness of power in the form of exercise of power and power relations towards clients. It was further investigated whether this differs depending on whether the social worker has an executive or a therapeutic role and which tasks they performs. A qualitative method in the form of interviews was used. A total of four professional social workers were interviewed, two authorities and two therapists. Disconnecting and interconnecting, as well as the Matrix of power relations were used as a theoretical frame of reference, which made it possible to analyze the power relations from both micro and macro level. Together with previous research, the theoretical perspectives were used to analyze the results of the study. The result showed that social workers had various perceptions of power and the power relationship that arises between them and the clients, regardless of their professional roles. Legislation was a more significant part of the work of the authorities than the work of the therapists. This difference in the respective professional roles suggests that the position of power in relation to the client was clearer in the administrative work than in treatment. Unlike the authorities, the therapists did not have to convey difficult decisions to the clients. The authorities also have more power-over with their decision-making power in the daily work, while the therapists, based on their close work with the clients, have more power-together.

In 2000, respectively 2003 the Czech Republic finished the first and the second stage of public administration reform, which is closely linked with the issue of public financing, especially the financing of municipalities. This diploma thesis analyzes the problematic aspects of the financing of municipalities in the Czech Republic in terms of the status of municipalities in the political system. Municipal budgets are the means by which local governments fulfil their objectives, policies and ensure the development of their municipalities. It is a highly topical issue. Political leaders of local authorities are not due to play the differing roles and provide different level of public services, united in the opinion of the form of financing of local budgets. Municipalities do not have such a strong unified voice in ensuring its priorities. These different interests are reflected in the programs of political parties. The question of financing municipalities would probably disintegrated ODS and TOP 09 together with STAN in the coalition in cas of the absence of other contradictions. The issue of local governement funding goes beyond the scope of political science. It is multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary topic. In order to grasp and research the topic from political science perspective, it is...

This diploma thesis entitled The current situation of eGovernment in selected regional offices in the Czech Republic is centered on actual state of electronic public administration at Czech regional offices. Author of the thesis seeks to give an account of the E-government project in the Czech Republic, its development and strategic documents. Subsequently listed are examples of E-government in foreign countries and its current trends. Practical part is devoted to comparison of the financial costs and current stage of E-government projects at regional offices. Presented are results of the survey centered on the citizens' awareness about the E-government services in the Czech Republic. In the end of the thesis its author seeks to evaluate the findings and suggest recommendations for the future development of projects at regional offices. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

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