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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Automated Methods for Fiber Diameter Measurement of Fibrous Scaffolds

Bulysheva, Anna 07 December 2009 (has links)
The purpose of this work was to develop an automated method of measuring fiber diameters of electrospun scaffolds from scanning electron microscopy images of these scaffolds. Several automated methods were developed and evaluated by comparison to known values and data obtained via the standard manual method. Simulated images with known diameters were used as test images to evaluate the accuracy of each measurement technique. Eight scanning electron microscopy images were also used for the evaluation of the automated methods compared to the standard manual method. All diameter measurements were made in pixels. Five new automated methods coded in MATLAB were developed. The five methods varied the approach of identifying edges of fibers as well as assigning edges to single fibers and calculating the distance between edges assigned to the same fiber. One-way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer tests were performed for comparison of all methods per image. The Custom Canny Slopes automated method was shown to accurately approximate the mean diameters in ten simulated images as well as microscopy image of real scaffolds (p<0.05).
2

DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE UM MÉTODO AUTOMATIZADO PARA A QUANTIFICAÇÃO DOS NÍVEIS SÉRICOS DE NITRITO/NITRATO / DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN AUTOMATED METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF NITRITE/NITRATE

Tatsch, Etiane 09 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive free radical, acting as a messenger molecule, mediating several functions, including vasodilation, platelet aggregation inhibition and neurotransmission. Because this radical to have a short half-life, its determination is difficult, therefore, measurement of metabolites nitrite/nitrate (NOx) is most often used to evaluate NO production. The Griess reaction is the most used method for NOx quantification due to its simplicity, speed and cost-effective. Due to the biological relevance of NO, it is extremely importance to its measurement. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an analytical method for the automated measurement of serum levels of NOx by the Griess method using the Cobas Mira clinical chemistry analyzer. This study provided the development of a protocol for the automated measurement of serum levels of NOx, which is linear method (r2= 0.993, P <0.001), precise, because it showed a coefficient of variation in intra-assay precision of 8.7% and inter-assay precision of 5.6%. Moreover, we observed a recovery of 114.6% which is considered accurate study. Thus, it was concluded that the automated method presented here is linear, precise, accurate, simple and low cost, likely to be adapted to Cobas Mira analyzer and other automated systems available in clinical routine laboratory. / O óxido nítrico (NO) é um radical livre reativo, agindo como uma molécula mensageira, mediando diversas funções, incluindo vasodilatação, inibição da agregação plaquetária e neurotransmissão. Pelo fato deste radical possuir uma meia-vida curta, a sua determinação torna-se difícil, consequentemente, a mensuração de seus metabólitos nitrito/nitrato (NOx) é mais frequentemente utilizado para avaliar a produção de NO. A reação de Griess é o metodo mais utilizado na quantificação do NOx, devido a sua simplicidade, rapidez e custo-benefício. Devido à relevância biológica do NO, é de suma importância a sua mensuração. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um método analítico automatizado para a mensuração dos níveis séricos de NOx pelo método de Griess, utilizando o analizador Cobas Mira®. Este estudo propiciou o desenvolvimento de um protocolo automatizado para a quantificação dos níveis séricos de NOx, sendo este método linear (r2= 0,993, P<0,001), preciso, pois apresentou um coeficiente de variação na precisão intra-ensaio de 8,7% e na precisão inter-ensaio de 5,6%. Além disso, foi observada uma recuperação de 114,6%, sendo este estudo considerado exato. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que o método automatizado apresentado é linear, preciso, exato, simples e de baixo custo, passível a ser adaptado ao analizador Cobas Mira® e outros sistemas automatizados disponíveis em laboratórios clínicos de rotina.
3

Exploitation de séries temporelles d'images multi-sources pour la cartographie des surfaces en eau / Use of multi-source image time series for surface water mapping

Bioresita, Filsa 07 March 2019 (has links)
Les eaux de surface sont des ressources importantes pour la biosphère et l'anthroposphère. Elles favorisent la préservation des habitats, le développement de la biodiversité et le maintien des services écosystémiques en contrôlant le cycle des nutriments et le carbone à l’échelle mondiale. Elles sont essentielles à la vie quotidienne de l’homme, notamment pour l'irrigation, la consommation d’eau potable, la production hydro-électrique, etc. Par ailleurs, lors des inondations, elles peuvent présenter des dangers pour l'homme, les habitations et les infrastructures. La surveillance des changements dynamiques des eaux de surface a donc un rôle primordial pour guider les choix des gestionnaires dans le processus d’aide à la décision. L’imagerie satellitaire constitue une source de données adaptée permettant de fournir des informations sur les eaux de surface. De nos jours, la télédétection satellitaire a connu une révolution avec le lancement des satellites Sentinel-1 (Radar) et Sentinel-2 (Optique) qui disposent d’une haute fréquence de revisite et d’une résolution spatiale moyenne à élevée. Ces données peuvent fournir des séries temporelles essentielles pour apporter davantage d'informations afin d'améliorer la capacité d'observation des eaux de surface. L’exploitation de telles données massives et multi-sources pose des défis en termes d’extraction de connaissances et de processus de traitement d’images car les chaines de traitement doivent être le plus automatiques possibles. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer de nouvelles approches permettant de cartographier l’extension spatiales des eaux de surface et des inondations, en explorant l'utilisation unique et combinée des données Sentinel-1 et Sentinel-2. / Surface waters are important resources for the biosphere and the anthroposphere. Surface waters preserve diverse habitat, support biodiversity and provide ecosystem service by controlling nutrient cycles and global carbon. Surface waters are essential for human's everyday life, such as for irrigation, drinking-water and/or the production of energy (power plants, hydro-electricity). Further, surface waters through flooding can pose hazards to human, settlements and infrastructures. Monitoring the dynamic changes of surface waters is crucial for decision making process and policy. Remote sensing data can provide information on surface waters. Nowadays, satellite remote sensing has gone through a revolution with the launch of the Sentinel-1 SAR data and Sentinel-2 optical data with high revisit time at medium to high spatial resolution. Those data can provide time series and multi-source data which are essential in providing more information to upgrade ability in observing surface water. Analyzing such massive datasets is challenging in terms of knowledge extraction and processing as nearly fully automated processing chains are needed to enable systematic detection of water surfaces.In this context, the objectives of the work are to propose new (e.g. fully automated) approaches for surface water detection and flood extents detection by exploring the single and combined used of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data.
4

AVALIAÇÃO DE BIOMARCADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS, OXIDATIVOS E VASCULARES EM PACIENTES COM HIPERCOLESTEROLEMIA / EVALUATION OF INFLAMMATORY, OXIDATIVE, AND VASCULAR BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH HIPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Pereira, Renata da Silva 21 March 2011 (has links)
Hypercholesterolemia is a determining factor for the development of atherosclerosis, which is considered the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. In Brazil, as in most developed countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. Several mechanisms are involved in the development of atheromatous plaque thus the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between hypercholesterolemia and inflammatory, vascular, and oxidative biomarkers as well as to develop and validate an analytical method for the automated measurement of nitrite, a metabolite of the oxide oxide (NO) in plasma samples. In the first phase of this study an analytical method for automated measurement of plasma nitrite was developed and validated. This method was precise (r2=0,9998, P<0,001), linear, simple, inexpensive, and applicable to routine monitoring. In phase 2, inflammatory, vascular and oxidative markers were assessed. The groups were: group with hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C ≥ 160 mg / dl) and normocholesterolemic group (LDL-C ≤ 130 mg / dL). Results showed that levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and D-dimer were significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic patients, while levels of thiol grouping (-SH) and nitrate / nitrite (NOx) were lower in this group. There were also significant correlations for LDL-C and IL-6 (r = 0.693, P <0.0001), LDL-C and NOx (r = -0.314, P <0.05) and LDL-C and - SH (r = -0.327, P <0.05). Thus, hypercholesterolemia promotes increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrinolysis in atherosclerosis. / A hipercolesterolemia é um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose, que é considerada a principal causa de doenças cardiovasculares. No Brasil, assim como na maior parte dos países desenvolvidos, as doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morbimortalidade. Vários mecanismos estão envolvidos no desenvolvimento da placa de ateroma, assim o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a hipercolesterolemia e biomarcadores inflamatórios, oxidativos e vasculares, bem como desenvolver e validar um método analítico automatizado para a mensuração de nitrito, um metabólito do óxido nítrico (NO), em amostras de plasma. Na fase 1 deste estudo, foi desenvolvido e validado um método analítico automatizado para dosagem de nitrito plasmático. Este método foi preciso, linear (r2=0,9998, P<0,001), simples, de baixo custo e aplicável a rotina laboratorial. Na fase 2, foram avaliados marcadores inflamatórios, oxidativos e vasculares. Os grupos estudados foram: grupo hipercolesterolêmicos (LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL) e normocolesterolêmicos (LDL-C ≤ 130 mg/dL). Os resultados demonstraram que níveis de colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglicérides, apoliproteína A, apoliproteína B, produtos protéicos da oxidação avançada (AOPP), interleucina-6 (IL-6) e D-dímero foram significativamente maiores nos pacientes hipercolesterolêmicos, enquanto os níveis de grupamento tiol (-SH) e nitrato/nitrito (NOx) foram inferiores neste grupo. Foram ainda observadas correlações significativas para o LDLC e IL-6 (r = 0,693, P <0,001), LDL-C e de NOx (r = -0,314, P <0,05) e LDL-C e SH (r = - 0,327, P <0,05). Dessa forma, a hipercolesterolemia promove o aumento do estresse oxidativo, inflamação e fibrinólise durante a aterosclerose.
5

AUTOMAÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DO MÉTODO DE OXIDAÇÃO DO NADPH PARA A MENSURAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE DA GLUTATIONA REDUTASE: DETERMINAÇÃO DOS LIMITES DE REFERÊNCIA E AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA LIPEMIA, HEMOGLOBINA E BILIRRUBINA / AUTOMATION AND VALIDATION OF THE METHOD OF OXIDATION OF NADPH FOR MEASUREMENT THE ACTIVITY OF GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE: DETERMINATION OF THE LIMITS OF REFERENCE AND EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF LIPEMIA, HEMOGLOBIN AND BILIRUBIN

Hermes, Carine Lima 21 June 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Glutathione (γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine) is the major non-protein thiol body and is involved in cellular antioxidant defense. The free glutathione is present mainly in its reduced form (GSH) and can be converted to the oxidized form (GSSG) in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The GSH/GSSG ratio high is very important for the cellular redox state and a reduction of this ratio is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The enzyme glutathione reductase (GR) catalyzes the reduction of GSSG to GSH using NADPH. Because of the great importance of the antioxidant glutathione and considering that it is present in almost all organisms, numerous studies involving several attempts to detect GSH, GSSG and GR in biological systems has been performed. The objective of this study was to validate an automated analytical method, based on a spectrophotometric method proposed by Mannervick and Carlberg in 1985 to measurement the GR activity which is the oxidation of NADPH, which is monitored spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 340 nm using the automated analyzer Cobas Mira®, determine its limits of reference for a healthy population and further evaluate the pre-analytical interference that influence the analytical phase of hemoglobin, bilirubin and lipemia. The automated method for measuring of the GR activity was validated as recommended by the EMEA and ANVISA. Since it was linear (r2 = 0.990), precise, with a coefficient of variation (CV) in precision intraassay of 5.7% (50 U/L) and 3.4% (100 U/L) and precision interassay CV of 9.5% (50 U/L) and 9.9% (100 U/L). In addition, we observed a recovery of 114.1% with this method considered accurate. The reference limits were evaluated as recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), and were 21.7 U / L to 60.3 U / L, for a healthy population. In the simulation of hemolysis, lipemia and jaundice in plasma samples, we evaluated the pre-analytical interference in the activity of the GR. All concentrations of Intralipid® (0.67, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg / dL), hemoglobin standard (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 g / dL), and bilirubin (0.9, 1.9, 3.8, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg / dL) resulted in a difference from the original value of GR, and verified a percentage greater than 5%, and this percentage considered for enzymes, analytical interference. Thus, it was concluded that the automated method developed was linear, precise, accurate, simple and inexpensive, and can be adapted to the Cobas Mira® analyzer. The reference limits for a healthy population were established. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that hemoglobin, lipemia and bilirubin interfere in the measurement of the GR activity. / A glutationa (L-γ-glutamil-L-cysteinylglycine) é o principal tiol não proteico do organismo e está envolvida na defesa celular antioxidante. A glutationa livre está presente principalmente na sua forma reduzida (GSH) e pode ser convertida para a forma oxidada (GSSG) na presença de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). A razão GSH/GSSG elevada é muito importante para o estado redox celular e uma redução desta razão é frequentemente utilizada como um indicador do estresse oxidativo. A enzima glutationa redutase (GR) catalisa a redução de GSSG a GSH utilizando NADPH. Devido a grande importância antioxidante da glutationa e considerando que a mesma está presente em quase todos os organismos, numerosas pesquisas envolvendo as mais diversas tentativas de detecção de GSH, GSSG e GR em sistemas biológicos tem sido realizadas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi validar um método analítico automatizado, baseado em um método espectrofotométrico proposto por Mannervick e Carlberg em 1985 para a mensuração da atividade da GR que consiste na oxidação do NADPH, o qual é monitorado espectrofotometricamente no comprimento de onda de 340 nm utilizando o analisador automatizado Cobas Mira®, determinar seus limites de referência para uma população saudável e ainda avaliar a interferência pré-analítica que influenciam na fase analítica da hemoglobina, lipemia e bilirrubina. O método automatizado para a mensuração da atividade da enzima GR foi validado seguindo recomendações da ANVISA e EMEA. Sendo que o mesmo foi linear (r2=0,990), preciso, apresentando um coeficiente de variação (CV) na precisão intraensaio de 5,7% (50 U/L) e 3,4% (100 U/L) e na precisão interensaio um CV de 9,5% (50U/L) e 9,9% (100 U/L). Além disso, foi observada uma recuperação de 114,1%, sendo este método considerado exato. Os limites de referência foram avaliados seguindo recomendações da International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC), sendo que foram de 21,7 U/L a 60,3 U/L, para uma população saudável. Na simulação da hemólise, lipemia e icterícia em amostras de plasma, avaliou-se a interferência pré-analítica na atividade da GR. Todas as concentrações utilizadas de Intralipid® (0,67; 1,25; 2,5; 5 e 10 mg/dL), de padrão de hemoglobina (0,0625; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5 e 1 g/dL) e de bilirrubina (0,9; 1,9; 3,8; 7,5; 15 e 30 mg/dL) resultaram em uma diferença do valor original de GR, sendo verificada uma porcentagem maior que 5%, sendo essa porcentagem considerada, para enzimas, interferência analítica. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que o método automatizado desenvolvido foi linear, preciso, exato, simples e de baixo custo, podendo ser adaptado ao analisador Cobas Mira®. Os limites de referência para uma população saudável também foram estabelecidos. Além disso, foi demonstrado que a hemoglobina, a lipemia e a bilirrubina interferem na mensuração da atividade da GR.

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