Orientador: Clarice Weis Arns / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_AlyneVieira_M.pdf: 608733 bytes, checksum: 93e4d814c0f99c65741a343e76d35fc4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudos de plantas medicinais com conhecimento tradicional têm sido uma fonte potencial de substâncias com atividades farmacológicas e biológicas significantes. Guettarda angelica Mart. ex Müll. Arg. (Rubiaceae) é uma planta medicinal no qual suas raízes são popularmente utilizadas para diversos fins terapêuticos, incluindo veterinário. Estudos antimicrobianos com raízes desta planta também relataram uma atividade in vitro contra bactérias. Como as infecções virais ainda continuam sendo um sério problema mundial, a etnofarmacologia fornece uma abordagem alternativa para descoberta de novos agentes antivirais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o estudo antiviral de extratos da casca das raízes, folhas e sementes de G. angelica frente aos herpesvírus bovino (BoHV-1), suíno (SuHV-1) e equino (EHV-1), reovírus (ARV) e metapneumovírus aviário (aMPV). A atividade antiviral foi testada in vitro em células Vero e MDBK utilizando os ensaios de redução do título viral e o ensaio quantitativo colorimétrico através do MTT. Inicialmente, a concentração máxima não-citotóxica (MNCC) dos extratos foi determinada nas células através da observação de suas alterações morfológicas. Estudos realizados através da redução dos títulos virais mostrou que apenas o extrato aquoso de sementes (AEs) apresentou uma atividade antiviral contra o BoHV-1, SuHV-1, EHV-1 e ARV. Assim, esse extrato foi posteriormente avaliado pelo método MTT para determinação do CC50 (concentração citotóxica a 50%), IC50 (concentração inibitória a 50%) e o SI (índice de seletividade). Os valores de CC50 do extrato AEs foram 400,60 e 920,50 para células Vero e MDBK, respectivamente. E os valores de IC50 e SI foram 22, 79 e 40,39 para BoHV-1; 91,30 e 10,08 para SuHV-1; 19,95 e 20,08 para EHV-1; e 23,59 e 17,00 para ARV. Esses resultados indicam que a semente de G. angelica contém compostos com atividade antiviral promissora e baixa toxicidade / Abstract: Study of medicinal plants with traditional knowledge has been a potential source of substances with significant pharmacological and biological activities. Guettarda angelica M. (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal plant where its roots are popularly used for various therapeutic purposes including veterinary. In vitro antimicrobial studies also related antibacterial activity of these roots against bacteria. Like viral infections still remain a serious worldwide problem, the ethnopharmacology provides an alternative approach for discovery of new antiviral agents. The aim of the present work was the antiviral study of extracts from roots bark, leaves and seeds of G. angelica against bovine (BoHV-1), swine (SuHV-1) and equine (EHV-1) herpesviruses, avian reovirus (ARV) and metapneumovirus (aMPV) The antiviral activity was tested in vitro on Vero and MDBK cells using the viral titer assay and the quantitative colorimetric assay through MTT. Initially, the maximum non-citotoxic concentration (MNCC) of extracts was determined in cells by observation of their morphological alterations. Studies through the reduction of viral titers showed that only the aqueous extract from seeds (AEs) presented an antiviral activity against BoHV-1, SuHV-1, EHV-1 and ARV. Then, this extract was further evaluated by MTT method to determine the CC50 (50% cytotoxic concentration), IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) and SI (selectivity index). The values of CC50 of AEs extract were 400.60 and 920.60 to Vero and MDBK cells, respectively. And the values of IC50 and SI were 22.79 and 40.39 for BoHV-1; 91.30 e 10.08 for SuHV-1; 19.95 and 20.08 for EHV-1; 23.59 and 17.00 for ARV. These results indicate that the seeds from G. angelica contain composts with promising antiviral activity and low toxicity / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

E. coli isoladas de lesões de celulite aviária em frangos de corte produzem uma citotoxina, denominada ECVF (E. coli Vacuolating Factor), que causa intensa vacuolização citoplasmática em células aviárias, mas não em células mamárias. A importância de ECVF na patogenia da celulite foi avaliada neste estudo. ECVF purificado foi inoculado subcutaneamente em frangos de corte, e induziu sinais de inflamação nos tecidos subcutâneo, adiposo e conjuntivo. Em ensaios de citotoxicidade, foi verificado que ECVF induz alterações citoplasmáticas e nucleares que podem afetar diretamente o metabolismo celular, entre elas condensação da cromatina e fragmentação nuclear, intensa vacuolização citoplasmática e desorganização do citoesqueleto, conduzindo à apoptose. Também foi verificada interação de ECVF com proteínas de células aviárias, em detrimento das de células de mamíferos, sugerindo uma especificidade da toxina a este tipo celular. Nossos resultados, apoiados por dados de estudos anteriores, permitem sugerir um importante papel de ECVF na patogenia da celulite aviária. / E. coli isolated from cellulitis lesions in broiler chickens produce a citotoxin, called ECVF (Escherichia coli Vacuolating Factor), which causes intense cytoplasm vacuolization in avian cells, but not in mammalian cells. The importance of ECVF in the pathogenesis of avian cellulitis was assessed in this study. Purified ECVF was inoculated subcutaneously in broiler chickens, and induced signs of inflammation on subcutaneous, adipose and connective tissues. In citotoxicity assays, we verified that ECVF induced cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations, which can affect cellular metabolism directly, such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, intense cytoplasm vacuolization, and disorganization of cytoskeleton, leading to apoptosis. It was also verified the interaction of ECVF with proteins of avian cells, instead of those from mammalian cells, suggesting the specificity of this toxin to this cells. Our results, supported by data from previous studies, suggest an important role of ECVF in the pathogenesis of avian cellulitis.

Successful foraging by avian predators is influenced largely by prey availability. In a large-scale experiment at the Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment project within the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, I manipulated two components of prey availability, water depth and vegetation density (submerged aquatic vegetation and emergent vegetation), and quantified the response by wading birds in terms of foraging habitat selection and foraging success. Manly's standardized selection index showed that birds preferred shallow water and intermediate vegetation densities. However, the treatments had little effect on either individual capture rate or efficiency. This was a consistent pattern seen across multiple experiments. Birds selected for certain habitat features but accrued little benefit in terms of foraging success. I hypothesize that birds selected sites with shallow water and intermediate vegetation densities because they anticipated higher prey densities, but they did not experience it here because I controlled for prey density. / by Samantha Lantz. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2008. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2008. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Au cours du cycle réplicatif des rétrovirus, l’ADN viral rétro-transcrit est intégré dans l’ADN de la cellule hôte par l’intégrase virale (IN). L’IN possède un rôle clé dans le cycle rétroviral et représente une cible thérapeutique majeure pour le traitement des infections par le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH). L’IN est constituée de trois domaines (N-terminal, central et C-terminal) connectés par des boucles flexibles, qui la rendent difficilement cristallisable. Le Dr. C. Ronfort (Equipe Rétrovirus et Intégration Rétrovirale) et le Pr. P. Gouet (Laboratoire de BioCristallographie) collaborent depuis 2002 sur l’IN du Rous Associated Virus type 1 (RAV-1). Mes travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans le cadre de cette collaboration. Il s’agissait de mener une étude cristallographique et moléculaire du domaine central de l’IN du RAV-1 pour pouvoir, ensuite, modéliser des mutants d’intérêt identifiés par l’équipe du Dr. C. Ronfort. Pour ce faire, le fragment protéique a été surproduit et purifié. Sa structure cristallographique a été résolue à une résolution de 1,8 Å. L’examen de cette structure révèle que le dimère de l’IN du RAV-1 peut s’assembler suivant une nouvelle interface moléculaire stabilisée par trois paires d’hélices α. Cet assemblage se caractérise également par la présence d’un étroit sillon basique à sa surface. Par des expériences in vitro de biochimie et in silico de docking, nous avons montré que ce sillon était susceptible de fixer un brin d’ARN. D’autre part, nos données expérimentales permettent d’expliquer comment les conditions de cristallisation, ainsi que la substitution d’un acide aminé de surface, favorisent la formation soit de ce nouvel arrangement dimérique, soit de l’arrangement dimérique classique. Ainsi, l’ensemble des données obtenues au cours de cette thèse suggère que l’intégrase possède des propriétés structurales modulables, lui permettant d’intervenir dans plusieurs étapes du cycle rétroviral en présence d’ADNdb (intégration) ou d’ARNsb (rétro-transcription et/ou encapsidation du génome ARN viral) / During the replicative cycle of retroviruses, the retrotranscribed viral DNA is integrated into the host chromosome by the viral integrase protein (IN). The integration reaction is essential for the viral life cycle. Therefore, IN is a key target for antiretroviral drug design to treat HIV infection. IN consists of three domains (N-terminal, central and Cterminal) connected by flexible loops, making the enzyme difficult to crystallize. Dr C. Ronfort (Team Retrovirus and Retroviral Integration) and Pr P. Gouet (BioCrystallography Laboratory) collaborate since 2002 in Lyon to study IN from the Rous Associated Virus type 1 (RAV-1). My thesis work lies within this collaboration. Its objective was to perform crystallographic and molecular studies of the central domain of RAV-1 IN and of mutants of interest identified by the team of Dr C. Ronfort. In this aim, the IN fragment has been overexpressed and purified. Its crystal structure has been solved to a resolution of 1.8 Å. The observation of this structure reveals that the RAV-1 IN can exhibit a novel dimeric arrangement with a molecular interface stabilized by three pairs of facing α-helices. This arrangement is also characterized by the presence of a basic narrow groove at its surface. Thanks to biochemical in vitro experiments and in silico docking studies, we have shown that this median groove could allow the binding of a linear singlestranded RNA. Moreover, our experimental data can explain how the crystallization conditions as well as the mutation of a specific residue located at the surface of the enzyme favor either this novel dimeric arrangement or the classical dimeric interface. Therefore, the data obtained during this thesis suggest that IN exhibits modular structural properties, allowing it to operate in several distinct steps of the retroviral cycle in presence of dsDNA (integration) or ssRNA (reverse transcription and/or encapsidation of the retroviral RNA genome)

Orientador: Hélio José Montassier / Banca: Clarice Weins Arns / Banca: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho / Resumo: A bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BIG) é uma doença infecciosa que está amplamente disseminada entre as criações avícolas brasileiras e é uma das enfermidades virais que mais têm causado perdas econômicas na atualidade. Portanto, a rápida detecção e identificação do agente causal são imprescindíveis para que medidas eficazes de controle sejam prontamente tomadas. Para tanto, é necessário que os métodos de diagnóstico empregados sejam sensíveis, específicos, rápidos e também de baixo custo. Nesse contexto, a técnica de RTPCR em tempo real abordada no presente estudo permitiu a amplificação de duas regiões de hipervariabilidade do gene S1 de 17 estirpes diferentes do vírus da BIG (VBI), que foram testadas, mas não foi capaz de amplificar nenhum dos RNAvírus heterólogos analisados (vírus da doença de Newcastle, pneumovírus aviário e vírus da doença de Gumboro). Com essa mesma técnica foi possível fazer a diferenciação em grupos geneticamente distintos, de estirpes do VBI através de análises das curvas de dissociação de fragmentos amplificados a partir das regiões de hipervariabilidade gênica I e II do gene S1. A RT-PCR em tempo real desenvolvida apresentou maior sensibilidade na detecção do VBI em amostras teciduais, quando comparada à técnica padrão de Isolamento Viral em ovos embrionados de galinha... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an infectious disease widely spread in Brazilian commercial poultries where causes significant economical losses. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the IBV strain involved in a field outbreak is necessary to establish an effective control of this disease. The real-time RT-PCR performed in this study to amplify two hypervariable regions of S1 gene, was able to detect 17 IBV strains, e.g., nine reference strains (including Massachussets, Connecticut, JMK, SE 17 and Iowa serotypes) and eight Brazilian field isolates, whilst non-related avian viral pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus, Avian Pneumovirus and Gumboro disease virus were not detected. The differentiation between IBV strains was accomplished using the melting curve analysis of the amplified fragments corresponding to the hypervariable regions I and II of S1 gene. The real-time RT-PCR developed here showed a higher rate of IBV detection in tissue samples of experimentally infected chickens, when compared to the goldstandard technique of Viral Isolation in embryonated chicken eggs, and the same rate of detection was found for the conventional RT-PCR... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Diss. Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009.

E. coli isoladas de lesões de celulite aviária em frangos de corte produzem uma citotoxina, denominada ECVF (E. coli Vacuolating Factor), que causa intensa vacuolização citoplasmática em células aviárias, mas não em células mamárias. A importância de ECVF na patogenia da celulite foi avaliada neste estudo. ECVF purificado foi inoculado subcutaneamente em frangos de corte, e induziu sinais de inflamação nos tecidos subcutâneo, adiposo e conjuntivo. Em ensaios de citotoxicidade, foi verificado que ECVF induz alterações citoplasmáticas e nucleares que podem afetar diretamente o metabolismo celular, entre elas condensação da cromatina e fragmentação nuclear, intensa vacuolização citoplasmática e desorganização do citoesqueleto, conduzindo à apoptose. Também foi verificada interação de ECVF com proteínas de células aviárias, em detrimento das de células de mamíferos, sugerindo uma especificidade da toxina a este tipo celular. Nossos resultados, apoiados por dados de estudos anteriores, permitem sugerir um importante papel de ECVF na patogenia da celulite aviária. / E. coli isolated from cellulitis lesions in broiler chickens produce a citotoxin, called ECVF (Escherichia coli Vacuolating Factor), which causes intense cytoplasm vacuolization in avian cells, but not in mammalian cells. The importance of ECVF in the pathogenesis of avian cellulitis was assessed in this study. Purified ECVF was inoculated subcutaneously in broiler chickens, and induced signs of inflammation on subcutaneous, adipose and connective tissues. In citotoxicity assays, we verified that ECVF induced cytoplasmic and nuclear alterations, which can affect cellular metabolism directly, such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, intense cytoplasm vacuolization, and disorganization of cytoskeleton, leading to apoptosis. It was also verified the interaction of ECVF with proteins of avian cells, instead of those from mammalian cells, suggesting the specificity of this toxin to this cells. Our results, supported by data from previous studies, suggest an important role of ECVF in the pathogenesis of avian cellulitis.

No description available.