Darbe atlikta teorinė ugdymo turinio individualizavimo samprata, nurodyti individualios programos rengimo principai ir etapai. Iškelta hipotezė, kad ugdydami vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriančius mokinius, mokytojai moko tų pačių temų, tik nustato skirtingą jų įsisavinimo laiką ir skirtingus mokymo būdus, o rengdami individualias kulinarijos pradmenų ugdymo programas vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriantiems mokiniams mokytojai derina bendrąsias ir specialiąsias programas. Anketinės apklausos metodu bei mokyklos dokumentų analize buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas- ištirti ko ir kaip pedagogai moko aukštesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinius ugdydami jų kulianrijos pradmenų gebėjimus. Parengtos rekomendacinės kulinarijos pradmenų ugdymo temos vidutinius ir didelius specialiuosius ugdymosi poreikius patiriantiems mokiniams, pravestas eksperimentinis mokymas, įvertinti ir palyginti mokinių gebėjimai gaminti valgį iki eksperimentinio mokymo ir po jo. Siekiama nustatyti, kokiais kriterijais remdamiesi mokytojai nustato, kokiu lygiu mokiniai įsisavino programą. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 specialiosios mokyklos aukštesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių technologijų mokytojų ir 60 5 - 10 lavinamųjų klasių mokinių. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamas mokytojų suvokimas apie lavinamųjų klasių mokinių gebėjimą gaminti valgį, nustatomi trys mokinių gebėjimų lygiai: gebančių savarankiškai gaminti, gebančių gaminti su pagalba ir negebančių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Development of cookery basics should help those children to accomplish the objective to be grown-ups, independent and able to take care of themselves. Schoolchildren, having acquired food preparation skills will have a greater freedom of choice and more possibilities to live a more independent life. Hypothesis: it is likely that poor cooking skills impede children independent functioning in social environment, therefore suggested topics for development of cookery program will satisfy the needs of children with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs and will benefit solution of this problem. 30 crafts teachers of upper grades of specialized school and 60 schoolchildren of extensive and extremely extensive special educational needs of upper grades (5-10) from specialized schools participated in the research. The most significant conclusions of empirical research: ● Data from teachers’ questionnaires reveal that all of them follow the program of “Cookery basics” and examine all of the recommended topics, least of their attention dedicating to the topics, such as “Essence of diet” and “Menu”. According to respondents, these topics do not meet children needs with extensive and extremely extensive special educational needs as well as possibilities to acquire them. ● Only fifth of participants are able to cook independently, about two fifths cook with the supervision of a teacher and two fifths do not prepare food at all. This confirms our hypothesis that poor... [to full text]

Patient outcomes are influenced by the quality of care that the workforce renders. The registered nurse, as designated process-owner of the “Back to basics” quality improvement (QI) initiative, plays a vital role, being responsible for providing compassionate patient-centred care to alleviate suffering and restore health. The aim of the study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how nurses perceive their roles, responsibilities and challenges in delivering basic nursing care, linked to the organisational “Back to basics” QI initiative. A qualitative study with an explorative descriptive contextual design was utilised. Registered nurses with a direct patient care involvement in the general nursing discipline of a private hospital group participated in focus-group interviews. Data were analysed using Creswell’s data-analysis cycle. Findings were that patient care coordination involves an assessment-delegation-supervision triad. However, meeting stakeholder expectations, management and administrative responsibilities, remove the registered nurse from direct patient care. Time constraints affect physical bedside availability to model the exemplary knowledge, skills and attitudes underlying quality basic nursing care delivery. Reduced opportunities to model quality basic nursing care at the bedside affect patients’ care expectations, resulting in complaints related to basic nursing care omissions. Participants felt that they needed more clarification on the “Back to basics” QI initiative, and more in-service training. The many broad-ranging recommendations include in-service training that empowers registered nurses with the competencies to deal with role and task balance in the face of the diverse and complex demands of the modern healthcare arena. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Submitted by MARIA LUISA VICHI DE CAMPOS FARIA null (ml.vichi@gmail.com) on 2016-04-09T19:42:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese-da-luisa(8).pdf: 6093134 bytes, checksum: a6a13acbe1b7e8b23ecfbb267b89b802 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-12T14:38:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_mlvc_dr_bot.pdf: 6093134 bytes, checksum: a6a13acbe1b7e8b23ecfbb267b89b802 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T14:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_mlvc_dr_bot.pdf: 6093134 bytes, checksum: a6a13acbe1b7e8b23ecfbb267b89b802 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / O álcool, mesmo proibido, é a substância psicoativa mais usada por adolescentes no Brasil. Em 2011 uma pesquisa nacional (PeNSE) encontrou que mais da metade dos adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos já havia experimentado álcool e que 9\% referiu problemas decorrentes do uso. Esse comportamento pode trazer consequências graves e permanentes para a vida do adolescentes e de outras pessoas. Trata-se de um problema de saúde pública sendo necessários avanços nas pesquisas sobre prevenção e sobre os cuidados específicos para essa população. O BASICS foi concebido para universitários que apresentavam padrão de uso de álcool problemático. Essa intervenção, empática e flexível, foi desenhada para ajudar esses indivíduos na tomada das melhores decisões sobre o álcool, caracterizando-se assim, como uma abordagem de redução de danos e também uma tecnologia leve. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar a efetividade do BASICS na redução do uso problemático de álcool em uma amostra de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas de uma cidade de 127 mil habitantes do estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise do banco de dados de um ensaio controlado randomizado realizado ao longo do ano de 2009. De todos os alunos matriculados nas escolas públicas, 1712 eram menores de 18 anos e aceitaram fazer parte do estudo. Destes, 1149 eram abstêmios, 253 faziam uso arriscado de álcool e 310 foram considerados de baixo risco. Os indivíduos identificados com uso de risco foram sorteados para os grupos de intervenção breve (IB) ou para o grupo controle (C). O grupo C apenas preencheu os instrumentos de avaliação. Os grupos IB e C foram então avaliados após 6 e 12 meses. Não se encontrou diferença com relevância estatística entre as médias do AUDIT e AUDITC entre os grupos. Houve redução de consumo de álcool ao longo do estudo em ambos os grupos. Essa redução pode ser explicada parcialmente pelo fenômeno de regressão à media. Essa redução não se deu em função das perdas pois os alunos que abandonaram não foram aqueles com padrões mais graves de uso. Na tentativa de explicar os resultados encontrados foram levantadas as seguintes possibilidades: presença do efeito Hawthorne e a ocorrência de uma redução natural no consumo ao longo dos 12 meses em função do comportamento exploratório e não estático do uso de álcool por adolescentes. Notou-se também que uma fração considerável de sujeitos evoluiu de um consumo de risco para a abstinência ao longo do estudo. Para melhor descrever esse processo foi proposto um modelo markoviano que incluiu de forma explícita o comportamento exploratório dos adolescentes e sua tendência à abstinência. Através de simulações de Monte Carlo foram estimados os parâmetros relevantes do modelo e investigada a presença do efeito Hawthorne. Por meio dessa análise constatou-se que houve uma redução do uso de álcool no grupo controle e no grupo intervenção estimulada pela participação no estudo, que os padrões de uso em ambos os grupos foram essencialmente os mesmos e que as distribuições de consumo podem ser adequadamente descritas pelo modelo proposto. Foi investigado também se parte dessa população não teria um comportamento que pudesse indicar sua predisposição para um consumo de risco em fases posteriores na vida. A partir de um modelo de clusterização de dados baseados na variável AUDIT percebeu-se que os sujeitos poderiam ser divididos em dois grupos: persistente e não persistente. Por meio de uma análise estatística usando modelos lineares generalizados conclui-se que adolescentes do sexo masculino, que iniciavam o consumo mais cedo, que possuíam amigos que se embriagavam e que eram oriundos de famílias com problemas de álcool eram mais propensos a participar do grupo persistente. Conhecer melhor o comportamento dos adolescentes quanto ao uso de álcool favorecerá o uso de desenhos experimentais mais adequados o que possibilitará uma melhor avaliação do impacto de medidas preventivas para essa população. / Alcohol, even banned is the most used psychoactive substance among adolescents in Brazil. In 2011 a national survey (PeNSE) found that more than half of adolescents aged 13 to 15 had tried alcohol and 9\% reported problems resulting from the use. This behavior can cause permanent harm for the teenagers and others. It is a public health issue that demands for specific alternatives both on treatment and prevention. The BASICS was developed for college students with problematic alcohol use. This intervention is empathetic and flexible, it was designed to help these individuals to make better decisions about alcohol consumption. BASICS is a harm reduction approach that can be classified as a soft technology. Despite its widespread use and advantages to other alternatives, the comprobation of its effectiveness remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of BASICS in reducing alcohol abuse in a sample of high school students from public schools in a city of 127,000 São Paulo State-Brazil inhabitants. In this thesis we performed a secondary database analysis of controlled ramdomized trial held throughout the year 2009. Of all students enrolled in public schools, 1712 were younger than 18 years old and agreed to be interviewed. Of these, 1149 were teetotalers, 253 were risky alcohol users and 310 were considered low risk users. Individuals with risk behavior use were drawn to the brief intervention group (IB) or the control group (C). Group C was interviewed only with the assessment tools. IB and C groups were then assessed after 6 and 12 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the means of the AUDIT and AUDITC between groups. We observed consumption reduction in both groups. This decrease can be partially explained by regression to the mean. This reduction did not occur due to attrition: students who left the study were not those with more severe usage patterns. In an attempt to explain these findings we considered the possibilities: the occurrence of Hawthorne effect and the exploratory behavior and erratic pattern of alcohol use by teenagers allows a natural reduction in consumption. It is also noted that a considerable fraction of subjects evolves from a risk consumption to abstinence throughout the study. To better describe this process a Markov model was proposed that included explicitly the exploratory behavior of adolescents and their tendency to abstinence. Through Monte Carlo simulations the model relevant parameters were estimated and we investigated the presence of the Hawthorne effect. Through this analysis we found that there was a reduction in consumption (IB and C) by participation in the research, the alcohol usage pattern was the same in both groups and that consumer distributions can be adequately described by the model. We investigated whether part of this population would have a behavior that indicated a predisposition to a risky pattern of consumption on later stages in life. Through a clustering model fot the time evolution of the AUDIT variable, we noticed that the subjects could be divided into two groups: persistent and non-persistent. Through a statistical analysis using generalized linear models we concluded that adolescent males, who started consuming alcohol earlier, who possessed binging friends and those who came from families with alcohol problems were more likely to participate in the persistent group. We also discussed experimental designs that could be used to further characterize the behavior of adolescents with respect to the alcohol use and to facilitate obtaining the impact of public preventive health policies for this population.

Orientador: Florence Kerr-Corrêa / Resumo: O álcool, mesmo proibido, é a substância psicoativa mais usada por adolescentes no Brasil. Em 2011 uma pesquisa nacional (PeNSE) encontrou que mais da metade dos adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos já havia experimentado álcool e que 9\% referiu problemas decorrentes do uso. Esse comportamento pode trazer consequências graves e permanentes para a vida do adolescentes e de outras pessoas. Trata-se de um problema de saúde pública sendo necessários avanços nas pesquisas sobre prevenção e sobre os cuidados específicos para essa população. O BASICS foi concebido para universitários que apresentavam padrão de uso de álcool problemático. Essa intervenção, empática e flexível, foi desenhada para ajudar esses indivíduos na tomada das melhores decisões sobre o álcool, caracterizando-se assim, como uma abordagem de redução de danos e também uma tecnologia leve. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar a efetividade do BASICS na redução do uso problemático de álcool em uma amostra de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas de uma cidade de 127 mil habitantes do estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise do banco de dados de um ensaio controlado randomizado realizado ao longo do ano de 2009. De todos os alunos matriculados nas escolas públicas, 1712 eram menores de 18 anos e aceitaram fazer parte do estudo. Destes, 1149 eram abstêmios, 253 faziam uso arriscado de álcool e 310 foram considerados de baixo risco. Os indivíduos identificados com uso de risco foram sorteados para os grupos d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Alcohol, even banned is the most used psychoactive substance among adolescents in Brazil. In 2011 a national survey (PeNSE) found that more than half of adolescents aged 13 to 15 had tried alcohol and 9\% reported problems resulting from the use. This behavior can cause permanent harm for the teenagers and others. It is a public health issue that demands for specific alternatives both on treatment and prevention. The BASICS was developed for college students with problematic alcohol use. This intervention is empathetic and flexible, it was designed to help these individuals to make better decisions about alcohol consumption. BASICS is a harm reduction approach that can be classified as a soft technology. Despite its widespread use and advantages to other alternatives, the comprobation of its effectiveness remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of BASICS in reducing alcohol abuse in a sample of high school students from public schools in a city of 127,000 São Paulo State-Brazil inhabitants. In this thesis we performed a secondary database analysis of controlled ramdomized trial held throughout the year 2009. Of all students enrolled in public schools, 1712 were younger than 18 years old and agreed to be interviewed. Of these, 1149 were teetotalers, 253 were risky alcohol users and 310 were considered low risk users. Individuals with risk behavior use were drawn to the brief intervention group (IB) or the control group (C). Group C ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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This paper aims to present a model of teaching and learning mathematics in China. The model is “Two Basic”, basic knowledge and basic ability. Also, the paper will analyze some of the background of the model and why it is efficient in mathematics education. The model is described by a framework of “slab” and based on a model of learning cycle, allow students to work with mathematical thinking. Though the model looks of demonstration and practice looks very traditional, the explanation behind allows us to understand why Chinese students achieved well in many international studies in mathematics. The innovation of the model is the teacher intervention during the learning process. Such interventions include repeated practice, and working on group of selected related questions so that abstraction of the learning process is possible and student can link up mathematical expression and process. Examples used in class are included and the model can be applied in teaching advanced mathematics, which is usually not the case in some many other existing theories or framework.

[ES] En los últimos años, la investigación en motores se ha centrado principalmente en la reducción de emisiones contaminantes y en el aumento de la eficiencia. Muchos de los esfuerzos de investigación actuales en este campo están dirigidos a mejorar y desarrollar nuevas estrategias activas para la reducción de emisiones, en particular centradas en los nuevos conceptos de combustión y en la obtención de un mejor control sobre ella. Su desarrollo requiere la aplicación de nuevas herramientas experimentales y teóricas. Estas herramientas deberían permitir tanto la aplicación de nuevas estrategias activas de control de contaminantes como ampliar el conocimiento básico de los fundamentos de los procesos involucrados. En este contexto es donde se encuadra el objetivo de esta Tesis: el desarrollo y optimización de un nuevo sistema de encendido no intrusivo y modulable, que permitirá el control sobre el tiempo y la ubicación del punto de encendido. Dicho sistema se aplicará para el encendido de chorros Diesel de inyección directa. En particular, se pretende evidenciar cómo las condiciones locales al encendido pueden afectar al desarrollo de la combustión posterior. Para lograr este objetivo, el trabajo de investigación se ha dividido en dos bloques principales. El primero se centra en el desarrollo y la optimización del sistema de encendido. Aprovechando las posibilidades que ofrece el proceso de inducción de plasma con láser y, una vez seleccionado el mejor método de inducción para su aplicación en un entorno especifico como el de un motor, se ha llevado a cabo un proceso de optimización y validación del sistema. Tal proceso resulta de importancia básica en el desarrollo de esta investigación, ya que la aplicación de un sistema de encendido totalmente fiable resulta ser fundamental, tanto en términos de su posible aplicación para control de combustión como en términos de las posibilidades de estudios que pueda ofrecer. Al principio, a partir de un extenso estudio de la literatura sobre el proceso de inducción de plasma con láser, se han obtenido los parámetros fundamentales a tener en cuenta para la aplicación del sistema al encendido de chorros de combustible de inyección directa. A partir de estos parámetros, se ha diseñado un primer sistema de encendido. Luego su fiabilidad en la inducción de plasma ha sido estudiada experimentalmente en condiciones ambientales y de motor, aplicando una metodología de optimización desarrollada en este mismo trabajo experimental. Como resultado principal de este primer bloque de trabajo, se ha podido obtener un sistema de encendido por plasma inducido con láser completamente optimizado y fiable, así como un método novedoso para su validación y optimización. El segundo bloque de trabajo corresponde a la aplicación del sistema al encendido de un chorro Diesel de inyección directa en condiciones reales del motor. El objetivo de este bloque era lograr dos hitos principales: la determinación de las capacidades y los límites del sistema en su aplicación, y el desarrollo de un primer estudio experimental sobre la influencia de las condiciones locales de la zona de encendido sobre una combustión Diesel. Para lograrlo, primero se ha validado la capacidad de encendido del sistema bajo un conjunto adecuado de condiciones termodinámicas, previamente seleccionadas para mantener la máxima efectividad. Los resultados de este estudio, en comparación con los típicos parámetros de autoencendido en las mismas condiciones, han permitido demostrar la capacidad de encendido del sistema. Posteriormente, se ha llevado a cabo una variación paramétrica de tiempos y posiciones en las que inducir el plasma, con el fin de determinar el efecto de las condiciones locales sobre el desarrollo de la combustión Diesel. En este caso, al comparar los resultados obtenidos con los parámetros estándar de autoencendido, se han podido obtener tendencias interesantes, que subra / [CAT] En els últims anys, la investigació en motors s'ha centrat principalment en la reducció d'emissions contaminants i en l'augment de l'eficiència. Molts dels esforços d'investigació actuals en aquest camp estan dirigits a millorar i desenvolupar noves estratègies actives per a la reducció d'emissions, en particular centrades en els nous conceptes de combustió i en l'obtenció d'un millor control sobre ella. El seu desenvolupament requereix l'aplicació de noves eines experimentals i teòriques. Aquestes eines haurien de permetre tant el desenvolupament i aplicació de noves estratègies actives de control de contaminants com ampliar el coneixement bàsic dels fonaments dels principals processos involucrats. En aquest context és on s'enquadra l'objectiu principal d'aquesta Tesi: el desenvolupament i l'optimització d'un nou sistema d'encés no intrusiu i modulable, que permetrà el control sobre el temps i la ubicació del punt d'encés. Aquest sistema s'aplicarà per a l'encesa de dolls Diesel d'injecció directa. En particular, es pretén evidenciar com les condicions locals a l'encesa poden afectar el desenvolupament de la combustió posterior. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu, el treball de recerca s'ha dividit en dos blocs principals. El primer se centra en el desenvolupament i l'optimització del sistema d'encesa. Aprofitant les possibilitats que ofereix el procés d'inducció de plasma amb làser i, una vegada seleccionat el millor mètode d'inducció per a la seua aplicació en un entorn especifique com el d'un motor, s'ha dut a terme un procés d'optimització i validació del sistema. Tal procés resulta d'importància bàsica en el desenvolupament d'aquesta investigació, ja que l'aplicació d'un sistema d'encesa totalment fiable resulta ser fonamental, tant en termes de la seua possible aplicació per a control de combustió com en termes de les possibilitats d'estudis que puga oferir. Al principi, a partir d'un extens estudi de la literatura sobre el procés d'inducció de plasma amb làser, s'han obtingut els paràmetres fonamentals a tindre en compte per a l'aplicació del sistema a l'encesa de dolls de combustible d'injecció directa. A partir d'aquests paràmetres, s'ha dissenyat un primer sistema d'encesa. Després la seua fiabilitat en la inducció de plasma ha sigut estudiada experimentalment en condicions ambientals i de motor, aplicant una metodologia d'optimització desenvolupada en aquest mateix treball experimental. Com a resultat principal d'aquest primer bloc de treball, s'ha pogut obtindre un sistema d'encés per plasma induït amb làser completament optimitzat i fiable, així com un mètode nou per a la seua validació i optimització. El segon bloc de treball correspon a l'aplicació del sistema a l'encesa d'un doll Dièsel d'injecció directa en condicions reals del motor. L'objectiu d'aquest bloc era aconseguir dues fites principals: la determinació de les capacitats i els límits del sistema en la seua aplicació a l'encesa de dolls d'injecció directa, i el desenvolupament d'un primer estudi experimental sobre la influència de les condicions locals de la zona d'encesa sobre el desenvolupament posterior d'una combustió Diesel. Per a aconseguir-ho, primer s'ha validat la capacitat d'encesa del sistema sota un conjunt adequat de condicions termodinàmiques, prèviament determinades per a mantindre la màxima efectivitat. Els resultats d'aquest estudi, en comparació amb els típics paràmetres d'autoencesa en les mateixes condicions, han permés demostrar la capacitat d'encesa del sistema. Posteriorment, s'ha dut a terme una variació paramètrica de temps i posicions en les quals induir el plasma per a forçar l'encesa, amb la finalitat de determinar l'efecte de les condicions locals sobre el desenvolupament de la combustió Diesel. En aquest cas, en comparar els resultats obtinguts amb els paràmetres estàndard d'autoencesa, s'han pogut obtindre tendències interessants, que subratl / [EN] In the recent years the engine research has been mainly focused on the pollutant emissions reduction and on increasing the efficiency. Many of the actual research efforts in the field of the Internal Combustion Engines are aimed to improve and develop new active strategies for emission reduction, particularly centered on new combustion concepts and a general improved combustion control. Their development requires the application of new experimental and theoretical tools, allowing both to be directly applied as an active pollutant control strategy and to permit to expand the basic knowledge of the governing processes' fundamentals. This is the concept where the main objective of this Thesis is framed: the development and optimization of a new, non-intrusive and modulable ignition system that will allow the control on the position and timing of the ignition spot. Such system will be applied to the ignition of direct injection diesel sprays in order to expand the knowledge of the ignition process, particularly considering how the local conditions at the ignition are affecting the subsequent combustion development. In order to accomplish the proposed objective, the research work has been divided in two main blocks. The first one is focused on the development and optimization of the ignition system. Taking advantage of the possibilities granted by the laser plasma induction process and, once selected the best induction method for its application in an internal combustion engine environment, a process of optimization of the ignition system has been carried out. Such optimization process results to be of basic importance for this research development. In fact, the application of fully reliable ignition system is fundamental both in terms of its possible direct application for combustion modulation purposes and in terms of the new study possibilities that is able to deliver. At first, from an extensive literature survey upon the plasma laser induction process, the fundamental parameters to focus on for the application of the system to the ignition of direct injection fuel sprays have been obtained. Starting from these parameters, a first ignition system has been designed, and then its reliability in the plasma induction has been experimentally tested under ambient and engine-like conditions, applying an original optimization methodology. As a main result of this first work block, a fully optimized and completely reliable laser induced plasma ignition system has been obtained, and an original system validation and optimization method has been developed. The second work block corresponds to the application of the ignition system to a direct injection diesel spray under real engine conditions. This block aimed to accomplish two main goals: the determination of the system capabilities and limits for the spray ignition application and the development of a first experimental study regarding the influence of the local conditions at the ignition location on the subsequent development of diesel combustion. In order to do so, first the system ignition capability has been tested on a diesel spray, under an adequate set of thermodynamic conditions determined to maintain the maximum possible system feasibility. The results of this study, compared with the standard combustion diagnostics parameters for the autoignition event at the same conditions, proved its ignition capabilities. Then a parametric variation of the local timing and position of the induced plasma generation region has been carried out, in order to determine the effect of the local condition on the combustion development. By comparing the obtained results with standard autoignition parameters at the same conditions, interesting trends have been obtained, that underline the system ability to control and modulate the combustion event / Pinotti, M. (2019). COMBUSTION CONTROL OF DIESEL SPRAYS BY MEANS OF LASER INDUCED PLASMA IGNITION [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/130205 / TESIS

This Master thesis focuses on connecting school subjects to overcome the isolation of information that students obtain through them. First of all, the thesis describes the different forms of school subject integration and lists the positive outcomes to which this integration leads, as well as the reasons why any form of interdisciplinarity concerning school subjects could be demanding. While any sort of integration could be challenging because of the timetables or the teachers' workload, it is beneficial. The students can realize the connections between information that they acquire, and this leads to better retention of the knowledge. Plus, they feel more motivated because they can use facts from one subject in another one. Then, the main goal of this thesis is presented - to search for cross-curricular links between French language as a foreign language and Basics of Civics or Social Sciences. In order to do so, the thesis details their subject didactics and the goals of these school subjects. Based on their description and the analysis of their respective textbooks, their common themes emerge, and they can be used for further integration. These themes work as suggestions for teachers who wish to leave the isolation of their specialty. The thesis also proposes activities that work with common...

Darbe atlikta teorinė žemesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių psichosocialinės raidos, veiklos ypatumų, veiklos priemonių – žaislų bei elektronikos ugdymo svarbos ir turinio parinkimo ypatumų analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad mokinių gebėjimas saugiai eksploatuoti jų aplinkoje sutinkamus elektroninius prietaisus bei prietaisus su elektronikos elementais sudaro optimalias prielaidas vaikų psichosocialinei raidai, o dažniausiai vaikų aplinkoje sutinkami elektroniniai daiktai yra žaislai bei buitiniai prietaisai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - ištirti ko ir kaip pedagogai moko ketvirtų lavinamųjų klasių mokinius ugdydami jų elektronikos pradmenų gebėjimus. Parengtos darbų programos plėtotei rekomendacinės elektronikos pradmenų ugdymo temos, pravestas eksperimentinis mokymas, įvertinti mokinių gebėjimai tinkamai eksploatuoti elektronikos prietaisus iki eksperimentinio mokymo ir po jo. Tyrime dalyvavo 30 specialiosios mokyklos žemesniųjų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių technologijų mokytojų ir 50 ketvirtų lavinamųjų klasių mokinių. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjamas mokytojų suvokimas apie lavinamųjų klasių mokinių gebėjimą tinkamai eksploatuoti elektronikos prietaisus, nustatomi trys mokinių gebėjimų lygiai: gebančių naudoti elektronikos prietaisus savarankiškai, gebančių naudoti su pagalba ir negebančių naudoti. Nustatomi gebėjimų skirtumai tarp berniukų ir mergaičių. Svarbiausios empirinio tyrimo išvados: 1. Pedagogai nurodo ugdantys mokinių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Analysis of scientific literature reveals that scientists actively discuss issues, regarding what electronic means and devices should children be familiar with, teach how to use them, so that there would be optimal possibilities for their adaptation in society. This motivates to change task program for schoolchildren with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs of fourth grade by including topics, regarding formation of this skills in this field. It is possible to hypothesize that ability to safely behave with electronic toys and house appliances could increase children motivation to play social roles’ games and the suggested topics for development of a program, regarding involvement of basics of electronics into the program, will not only meet children needs, wishes and interests, but will also allow for adequate communication with social environment. Research participants constituted of 30 crafts teachers of lower training grades in special schools and 50 schoolchildren with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs in specials schools. Most significant conclusions from empirical research are: ● Data from teachers’ questionnaire reveal that all of them follow the task program prepared by Kaukenaite for children with extensive and extremely extensive educational needs and two thirds of respondents indicate that they introduce these students to electronic devices and methods, even though these topics are not included into the program. ● Research on... [to full text]