Current methods of mosquito surveillance estimate general population abundances, but fail to represent the relationship of vector abundance to host density important to determining transmission risk of mosquito-borne pathogens (MBP). We sought to address this limitation by creating a novel mosquito trap that directly sampled mosquitoes seeking to feed on nesting birds. The primary objectives of this study were to (1) assess the efficiency of the Nest Mosquito Trap (NMT) and how this is affected by nest box size. (2) assess whether the NMT affects bird, specifically nest success in Prothonotary Warblers (Protonotaria citrea), and adult behavior. (3) compare our novel trap to existing methods. (4) profile the ecological parameters associated with bird/ mosquito interactions. Our results allow us to conclude that the NMT is not only an effective means of capturing host-seeking mosquitoes and measuring mosquito/ bird interactions, but does not have a deleterious effect on avian nesting success.

This thesis contains my writings and concept development, as it relates to personal history, time and animated art. This is explored through various methodologies, including short story and Zen meditative writing. As a companion to my recent thesis exhibition, this paper looks to make logical, emotional and spiritual connections between my art practice, ritualized cultural tropes and contemporary views of mortality.

In the introduction of theoretical part of diploma thesis is tabularly summed up the systém of birds classification. Other parts are focused not only on general issues and commonly used themes in school textbooks, popular literature and educational media, but also to highlight specific features, characteristic only for the birds. These themes are historical and evolutional questions, cover morphology, the effect of the senses, body structury and function of organs. In detail is analyzed the issue of body composition and skeletal system of birds. In the final sections are mentioned specialities in the behavior and communication between birds and their habits. The practical part includes a SWOT analysis of available textbooks for the four-year gymnasium with regard to the chapters and information about the animal class of birds. The data analyzed in the textbook can only be considered as basic with need to extend and complement by the teacher. Attached to the diploma thesis are two presentations in Powerpoint, containing basic information and specific features, characteristic only for birds. The presentations are created worksheets. For reference classes was developed as a lab practical examination of selected thematic blocks, memorized theoretical interpretation. Students' knowledge of the...

The most widespread way of extraction of forest is still clearlcuting. It is almost impossible to find commercial forest without forest clearings. Forest clearing can be perceived as a special element in a connected forest. I am trying to find out the influence of these forest distributions on the bird community. I was interested how important the forest clearings will be in the different type of forests. In seven localities were collected set of environmental variability's and bird data, which were counted by point count method. There were deciduous and mixed forests as well as the coniferous monocultures. The data collection was conducted in the breeding season 2011 and 2012. I expected, that the forest glades ensure the heterogeneity in forest space and will increase the number of bird's species. I expected this influence more important in the coniferous than in the deciduous and mixed forests. This assumption was partly confirmed. The glades in the coniferous forests have higher influence, but it depends on the forest area. In large coniferous monocultures is the importance of glades high. In the case of deciduous and mixed forests the size of forests did not have a value. The tree richness has the bigger importance. With this variable correlate Common Chiffchaff, Eurasian Wren, Yellowhammer,...

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au regard porté par les hommes de l’Antiquité grecque et romaine sur les oiseaux de proie. Nous nous concentrons d’abord sur des questions de classements zoologiques, afin de voir dans quelle mesure il est possible de parler d’une catégorie de rapaces. Nous étudions ensuite la place que tiennent ces oiseaux dans l’imaginaire en cernant l’image culturelle des zoonymes les plus courants. Enfin, la question des rapports que les hommes entretiennent avec les rapaces amène à se demander si les rapaces ne peuvent être rangés (ou dispersés) dans diverses catégories dont la cohérence n’est peut-être pas simplement zoologique. / In this thesis, our general aim is to try to know what people thought about birds of prey inGreek and Roman Antiquity. We focus first on zoological classes in order to see in what waywe can speak about raptors as a category. We then study the cultural image for the most usualzoonyms in order to find what place these birds have in the imagination. Lastly, through thequestion of the relationships between humans and raptors, we wonder whether these birdscan’t belong to some other categories whose unity is maybe not only zoological.

Orientador: Sheila Canevese Rahal / Resumo: O presente estudo visou avaliar temporalmente a formação e a qualidade da membrana induzida de Masquelet, tendo por modelo uma falha óssea segmentar induzida no rádio de galinhas. Foram utilizadas 16 galinhas saudáveis, com um ano de idade e massa corpórea média de 1,45 kg. Sob anestesia geral inalatória, foi induzido defeito segmentar de 1,5 cm no rádio esquerdo, o qual foi preenchido com cimento ósseo na fase pastosa. Os defeitos foram avaliados por meio de exames radiográficos e ultrassonográficos, imediatamente após o procedimento cirúrgico e aos sete, 15, 21 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. Para a avaliação histológica das membranas induzidas, uma ave foi submetida à eutanásia aos sete dias (estudo piloto) de pós-operatório e cinco aves aos 15, 21 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. No exame radiográfico do pós-operatório imediato foi possível verificar a presença do cimento ocupando a falha óssea segmentar, como uma massa radiopaca, com variações de intensidade. Com 30 dias de pós-operatório já foi evidente a presença de nova formação óssea partindo de ambas as extremidades fraturadas. Pelo exame ultrassonográfico, as membranas mostraram a maior formação de vascularização aos 30 dias de pós-operatório. Pela avaliação histológica a membrana aos sete e 15 dias de pós-operatório tinha três zonas distintas, porém aos 15 dias havia presença de neovascularização, fibras colágenas organizadas e diminuição de células inflamatórias. Aos 21 dias após a cirurgia houve uma perda de delimitaçã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the formation and quality of the induced membrane in Masquelet's technique, using a segmental bone defect induced in the chicken’s radius. Sixteen healthy domestic chickens, 1 year old and weighing 1.45 kg were used. Under general anesthesia, a 1.5-cm segmental bone defect was induced in the left radius, which was filled with bone cement during its pasty polymerization phase. The bone defects were evaluated by plain X-rays and ultrasounds, immediately after surgery and at seven, 15, 21 and 30 days postoperatively. One bird was euthanized at 7 days after surgery (pilot study), and five birds were euthanized at 15, 21 and 30 days postoperatively for histological evaluation of the induced membranes. Immediate postoperative radiographic examination showed the presence of cement that occupied the segmental bone defect, as a radiopaque mass, with intensity variations. Thirty days after surgery the presence of new bone formation at the fractured extremities was evident. Ultrasound evaluation showed that the induced-membrane had the highest rate of vascularization at 30 days post-surgery. Histologically, the induced-membrane had three distinct zones at 7 and at 15 days postoperatively, but day 15 had neovascularization, organized collagen fibers and reduced of inflammatory cells. At 21 days after surgery, the zones were less defined and there was cartilage and bone metaplastic areas. At 30 days postoperative diffuse mineralization of the membrane was obse... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis advisor: Prasannan Parthasarathi / This dissertation is a study of state power, technological change, and class conflict at the port of colonial Calcutta. It explores the period between 1860 and 1910 in order to recast historical understandings of the relationship between the colonial state, science and technology, and labor. The dissertation explores a period of great change, resulting from massive increases in public investment. These investments transformed the port's infrastructure, making the loading and unloading of cargo ships significantly easier. They were also designed to secure the supply of cheap labor, and better supervise the port's labor force. The investments involved the deployment of new technologies and scientific knowledge. This included various new kinds of machinery, such as cranes and railroads that were designed to speed up the pace of work or occasionally to automate the loading and unloading of cargoes, as well as, the use of new medical knowledge to prevent the spread of disease. International trade benefited greatly from these investments, but their effects on labor were more complex. The new machinery made the work of loading and unloading easier, but also more dangerous. Moreover, many workers resented the enhanced supervision that they were subject to. In a bid to secure the supply of labor, the government authorities managing the port attempted to alter the existing casual hiring practices of the port with new hiring systems wherein laborers were locked into long term contracts with their employers. Many workers fought back through acts of everyday resistance and well organized strikes. They were most successful towards the turn of the century when a plague epidemic disrupted the supply of labor in Calcutta. While some workers fled the city, others fought for, and won higher wages. The state was also forced to invest in expensive automation and labor welfare projects in order to secure their workforce. The dissertation highlights the critical role of technology in the reshaping of labor relations in the British Raj. It also underscores the central importance of trade for the colonial state. Finally, the dissertation underscores the dialectic that characterized the relationship between labor and colonial capital. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

Student Number : 0500819P - MSc dissertation - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environment Studies - Faculty of Science / The research assesses the impacts of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) and tourism upon community livelihoods, local behaviour and wildlife conservation. The research aims to analyze whether CBNRM is working as it is intended as well as to assess the socio-economic status of the community in terms of whether the CBNRM project has influenced their livelihoods for the better, than when the project was non-existent. The research findings indicate that CBNRM projects can deliver in terms of improvement of rural local community’s livelihoods and natural resources management. However, a lack of understanding of the CBNRM concept, lack of entrepreneurships and managerial skills, poor participation by general membership, poor distribution of the income benefits and lack of consultation to the project’s community membership by the project management are some of the constraints and challenges that emerge from the case study of the Nata Bird Sanctuary CBNRM project.

This paper contains an analysis of the bronzed keys with bird motifs that were discovered during archaeological investigations between the years 1991 and 1997 at Kyrksundet, in the archipelago of southwestern Finland. Bronzed keys with bird motifs have never been found in Finland before, but similar keys have been found both in Birka and on Gotland, Sweden. The aim with this paper is firstly to analyse and compare the keys from Kyrksundet, Birka and Gotland, and their find contexts. Secondly, together with the results from the analysis, the following questions will be discussed; What is the meaning behind the bird motif, why can these keys be found at Kyrksundet, and who were the people that had these keys in their possession during the Viking Age. The symbolic aspect of the keys is a strong theme in this discussion, because the underlaying theory in this paper is that the keys most likely had both a worldly and a cosmological meaning. Earlier archaeological investigations mainly have associated these keys with the Nordic peoples and their eastern connections during the Viking Age. Reason behind this association is that the birds on the motif have been interpreted as falcons and the falcon has a relatively strong connection to the Rurik dynasty that ruled in Novgorod and Kiev. Whether the bird is a falcon or not, is however a question that will be discussed in this paper. The analysis performed in this paper, shows that the bird motif on the keys shares more similarities with a raven motif that was used on the British Isles than with the falcon motif that was used in Novgorod and Kiev. This paper will therefore include a suggestion for another perspective, where the keys might be connected to the Nordic peoples and their western connections.

O pinguim-de-Magalhães é a espécie de pinguim mais presente em águas jurisdicionais brasileiras e frequente na clínica de animais marinhos, vítimas de desorientação, da poluição, da pesca e outras ações antrópicas. Com o estudo objetivou-se estabelecer as concentrações anestésicas mínimas (CAM) do isofluorano e sevofluorano em pinguins-de-Magalhães e posteriormente avaliá-las sob a influência de diferentes frações inspiradas de O2 (FiO2). Foram utilizados 20 animais adultos, saudáveis e sem distinção quanto ao sexo. Durante a primeira etapa, focou-se no estabelecimento da CAM para ambos os anestésicos. Os animais foram inicialmente submetidos à contenção física e sequencialmente induzidos a anestesia com auxílio de máscara facial, seguindo-se a intubação traqueal, após adequada indução e posterior manutenção sob ventilação controlada, para ambos os halogenados. A determinação da CAM foi realizada de acordo com o delineamento \"up-and-down\". Desta forma, cada animal foi exposto uma única vez a uma concentração anestésica pré-determinada, por um período de 15 minutos, seguido da aplicação de um estímulo elétrico. De acordo com a resposta obtida, o próximo animal foi submetido a uma fração aumentada em 0,1 (resposta positiva) ou reduzida em 0,1 (resposta negativa). Para realização da segunda etapa, 12 animais foram distribuídos entre os grupos isofluorano e sevofluorano, com seis indivíduos em cada um. Todos os animais foram anestesiados e mantidos com 1 CAM de cada halogenado, obtido na primeira etapa, sendo ambos os agentes anestésicos diluídos em frações de 1,0, 0,6, 0,4 e 0,2 de O2. As aves foram mantidas sob anestesia por 80 minutos, sendo que a cada 20 minutos era alterada a fração de O2, por sorteio, seguindo-se um modelo de quadrado latino. Foram monitorados durante a anestesia FC, FR, PAS, PAM, PAD, temperatura, pH, HCO3-, PaO2 e PaCO2 e eletrólitos (Na+ e K+). Os valores de CAM para isofluorano e sevofluorano foram de 1,91 V% e 3,53 V% respectivamente. Diante dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que as FiO2 de 1,0, 0,6 e 0,4 mostram-se seguras para pinguins-de-Magalhães anestesiados com 1 CAM de isofluorano ou sevofluorano mantidos sob ventilação controlada. / The Magellanic penguin is the most present penguin species in Brazilian coast. It is frequent in the marine animal clinic, victims of disorientation, pollution, fishing and other anthropic actions. The objective of this study was to establish the minimum anesthetic concentrations (MAC) of isofluorane and sevoflurane in Magellanic penguins and later evaluate them under the influence of different inspired fractions of O2 (FiO2). Twenty adult animals, healthy and without distinction as to sex, were used. During the first stage, we focused on the establishment of MAC for both anesthetics. The animals were initially submitted to physical restraint and sequentially induced anesthesia with the aid of facial mask, followed by tracheal intubation, after adequate induction and subsequent maintenance under controlled ventilation, for both halogenates. MAC determination was performed according to the up-and-down design. In this way, each animal was exposed once to a predetermined anesthetic concentration, for a period of 15 minutes, followed by the application of an electric stimulus. According to the answer obtained, the next animal was submitted increased by 0.1 fraction (positive response) or reduced by 0.1 (negative response). To perform the second step, 12 animals were divided between the isofluorane and sevofluoran groups, with 6 individuals in each. All animals were anesthetized and maintained with 1 MAC of each halogenated, obtained in the first step, both anesthetic agents being diluted in fractions of 1.0, 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 of O2. The penguins were kept under anesthesia for 80 minutes, and every 20 minutes the O2 fraction was changed, by lot, followed by a Latin square model. They were monitored during anesthesia FC, FR, PAS, MAP, PAD, temperature, pH, HCO3-, PaO2 and PaCO2 and electrolytes (Na+ and K+). The MAC values for isofluorane and sevoflurane were 1.91 V% and 3.53 V% respectively. In view of these results, FiO2 of 1.0, 0.6 and 0.4 were shown to be safe for Magellanic penguins anesthetized with 1 MAC of isofluorane or sevofluorane maintained under controlled ventilation.