The digitalization of the media industry has involved great changes for the Swedish daily press. Instead of subscribing on a daily newspaper, more people tend to read newspaper's free edition online.  The recent recession has contributed to strike hard against the newspaper's economy. This is the problem our research is based upon. How will the newspaper develop and which measures have to be done to get a well functioning business model that is suited for future conditions? We have made qualitative interviews with Swedish newspapers: Göteborgs-Posten, Norrköpingstidningen, Sydsvenskan and with the danish newspaper Politiken. To widening the view, we have also made several interviews with well-placed observers, both domestic and foreign. The results show, that in order to get the daily press financially stable, the content within the newspaper has to be even more target oriented in order to attract both readers and advertisers.  The results also show that it is important for the newspaper to separate the content of the paper-edition from the online-edition. That is, the free online-edition should not entirely replace the traditional paper-edition. We claim that successful daily press newspapers will in the future use a wider spectra of media-channels. The daily press will act more as a brand with the goal to produce high quality news in several different media-channels.

Logistics is increasingly becoming recognised as a source of competitive advantage, both in practice and in academia. The possible strategic impact of logistics makes it important to gain deeper insight into the role of logistics in the strategy of the firm. There is however a considerable research gap between the quite abstract strategy theory and logistics research. A possible tool to use in bridging this gap is identified in business model research. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to describe and analyse logisticsbased competition using a business model approach, a topic not handled in earlier research. This purpose entails investigating the role of logistics in the strategy of the firm by identifying a number of business model components which together constitute a logistics-based business model. Theoretically, the dissertation departs from strategic management and more specifically from the two opposing strategy theoretical perspectives the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) and the industrial organisation school of thought (I/O). From this foundation, the theoretical framework is further built upon with logistics- and business model research leading to a model of analysis that eventually evolves into one of the main outcomes of the dissertation: a logistics-based business model. The methodology used is that of multiple case studies of largely qualitative character. The cases represent trading firms which all display long-term profitable growth, a consistency in their growth, and they all have a, by the management, outspoken focus on logistics. The cases have been analysed using a patternmatching approach. A key deliverable from this research is the logistics-based business model, a model consisting of five components: strategy, position, offering, activities and organisation, and resources. The logistics-based business model makes possible a description and analysis of the role of logistics in the strategy of the firm leading to the identification of specific characteristics of the business models of firms competing on logistics. A few of the results from this research are: ● A logistics-based business model requires a synthesis of RBV and I/O. ● Control over the logistics resources is a distinctive capability in a logistics-based business model. ● Logistics strategy cannot be understood in terms of degree of integration only as much of the current logistics strategy research suggests. ● Hybrid logistics-strategies can involve lean processes and agile assortment with standardisation as an enabler. ● The domain of control of a logistics-based business model stretches beyond the domain of a traditional logistics strategy. ● A single logistics-platform may support multiple offerings. For managers, the logistics-based business model is possible to use as a tool in business development.

As the broadband transmission and data compression are being advanced in digital technology at the same time, these enable multimedia easily to exchange and interconnect with each other. The phenomenon to present is generally called ¡§Digital Convergence¡¨. In order to cater to the customers who demand whenever and wherever possible, ubiquitously access to converging services and networks as well, the broadband wireline and wireless access technologies have made significant progress to support and to further ICT (information and communications technology) industry to invest the research and development on the relevant technology, pruducts and services. The development trend of converging in the face of industries, services and networks, FNOs(fixed network operators), who are facing the fixed to mobile substitution(FMS), attempt with the seamless communications proposition to resolve the discontinuous problems caused when or where the user¡¦s handset roams across heterogeneous networks or switches between the fixed and mobile network, so as to motivate user demand for data and multimedia services as well as to restrain the decline of revenue from circuit-switched voice service; On the other hand, MNOs(mobile network operators) are also facing the market saturation on basic voice service gradually, in order to sustain the revenue growth, dual-mode mobile handsets enable the users access to fixed wireless network that substitutes for expensive indoor radio access to mobile network, and make differentiation from competitors to stimulate user demand for value-added services so as to raise ARPU(average revenue per user). Therefore, the business model for FMC(fixed-mobile convergence), is an innovative option to surmount the dilemma of business growth of telecommunications service operators. No matter FNOs, MNOs or SBOs(service-based operators) begin integration among the horizontally layered access networks, e.g. wireless LAN, WiMAX, broadband wireless, 3G, 3.5G and 4G, and change the existing business model varied with the shifting industrial value chain as well in face of emerging convergence and advancing wireless communications technology. The study gives the result with conclusions: 1.The introduction of FMC business is the most advantageous to full-licensed operators or telecom groups; Secondly FNOs can fight against FMS threat to restrain the revenue declined and to gain the revenue stream from MVNO services. 2.Telecom operators who provide with FMC offerings can strengthen competitive advantages with differentiation in the telecom services market to increase revenue and profitability. 3.Telecom operators offer FMC products and services, which help improvement in ARPU of existing customers and acquisition of new ones. 4.FMC offering can increase stickiness on customer retention besides lowering customer churn rate. 5.No matter incumbent or potential new entrant operators who introduce FMC service offering to market, they should take advantages of resources and competence in themselves to address their customer value proposition and positioning, and to adjust the business model to rival with advantageous competitive strategy. Besides, they should consider the timing for the investment on convergence of heterogeneous network varied with industrial environment and regulation so as to raise ROCE. 6.FMC business model is a set of architectural framework, not merely products or services portfolios, applications and selling. The operators must pay close attention to the shift of the external environment and business operation conditions, change the existing business model and strategy so as to keep the business growth and sustained development for lasting enterprises. The study finally suggests: Telecom operators, potential new entrants and the Government in Taiwan should pay close attention to the spectrum licensed for the new technology WiMAX and digital convergence which may come into being ¡§horizontally layered integration¡¨ or ¡§operation beyond the regulated business scope¡¨. The demarcation of regulation the Government takes effect can give consideration to the economic efficiency of market liberalization with fair competition. Asymmetric regulation and deregulation make sure not in implementing ¡§by waiting to become¡¨, and make distribution with choice for the radio frequency spectrum which benefits industry's development as well as adopt explicitly gradual deregulation on the policy and supplementary measure so as to can give consideration to the regulatory function, build the fair market environment and sound telecommunications industry in parallel to further the development in economy.

Due to the impact of active matrix liquid crystal display (LCD), twisted nematic (TN)/super-twisted nematic display (STN) industry confronts the market recession worldwide. Therefore, STN-LCD companies try to seek another development opportunity positively. However, developing new market can not be achieved in the short term. Some corporations actively strengthen their competitive advantage by technical innovation in order to possess more important position in the industry. This research apply case study method and chose E-Company as sample company who ranked the third in Taiwan STN-LCD industry in terms of production capacity to find out the business model of E-Company through literature generalization, strategies analysis of rivals and enterprise interview. This study found that the business model of E-Company is that strengthening the ability of horizontal integration and expanding the application field of display. By way of business process reengineering (BPR) and implementing product life-cycle management (PLM) system, E-Company integrates the products of downstream customers and offers technical support and services during concept planning phase of product development. Customers and suppliers can early involve the product development and reduce the cost of design change via collaborative design. Besides, collaborative design offers E-Company the capability to integrate the design chain information about product development and reduce time to market. Key word: Business Model, Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Product Life-cycle Management (PLM), Collaborative Product Design (CPD)

ABSTRACT Title: H&M fast fashion business model in China Level: Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Yuanyuan Yang & Jun Wang Supervisor: Ernst Hollander Date: 2013-03-11   Aim: Business model have been applied to different industries, and many entrepreneurs consider a good business model to be half the success. As per our observation, there were problems existing in H&M in China, for example, quality problem, price advantage lost and so on. However, H&M still has a good sale performance in China and we believed it largely depends on its successful business model. This study aims to examine what H&M fast fashion business model is and how H&M’s business model influences its development in China in different period.   Method: The method we used consisted of research process, research approach and data collection. A qualitative research was developed in the way of interviews. Primary data was collected from the interview which we conducted with two interviewees of H&M employees from different countries and the other interviewees both work for Chinese fashion industry. Secondary data included relevant extant literature, articles and online resources. As a research tools, SWOT was used to analyze the operation of H&M in China. With the collected data and the previous analysis, the result presents H&M’s short-term, mid term and long-term development in China.   Result & Conclusion: The unique business model is the main reason H&M have such good sales performance even when they have many problems as we had observed from their retail stores in China. H&M makes good use of its supply chain and information system to ensure delivering right products to their customers in the right time and at the right place with the right price. We believe the strengths of its business model would bring a lot of benefits for H&M in short-term development and mid-term development in China. As for the long-term development, the weaknesses of its business model maybe bring some problems.   Suggestions for future research: Quality problem and supply chain pollution is important for H&M’s long term development in China. Therefore, to ensure products’ quality and supply chain management improvement could be studied in future. Moreover, since business model consisted by lots of aspects, in-depth study is necessary in order to better understand H&M business model. Last but not the least, Chinese local fast fashion industry is still on the initial stage and thus, to borrow idea from H&M’s business model to develop Chinese fast fashion industry is interesting and important to be studied in the future.   Contribution of the study: Fast fashion business model have been created based on the business model and fast fashion characteristics. Hopefully, it would be helpful for further study which focuses on fast fashion industry. The specific knowledge of China is able to compensate the situation that most studies are focus on developed countries.   Key words: fast fashion in China, H&M in China, clothing industry, fast fashion business model, China

The project of the photovoltaic farming to reserve water in Taiwan came out in Mar, 2010 which was presented by Pingtung County Government after Typhoon Morakot brought floods and sludge which have submerged large tracts of land and fishponds in Linbian and Jiadong. The objective of this project is to link solar farm producers, Government, and local people's effort to improve local victims’ life quality, to help local industry transformation and to avoid pumping of groundwater and land subsidence. In order to analyze the economic value of this project and also promote it to other regions, Alexander Osterwalder & Yves Pigneur’s Business Model Canvas (2010) is quoted to analyze each block of the business model in this project. Through the establishment of the business model, it can provide a good solution for over-supply solar energy industry and also contribute to the environment.

Background: There is an increasing amount of arguments made that new business models are the solution when companies and industries face radical changes in the environment. To be able to prosper in the long run, organizations must reinvent themselves over and over again. Many authors (e.g. Abernathy & Utterback, 1978; Christensen, 1997; Kim & Mauborgne, 2005; Ries, 2011) claim that big, radical, reconfigurations are needed in order to prosper in the long-term. Theories, concepts and framework have been developed to answer how this reconfiguration should happen within organizations. However, the concepts derived are just parts of the solution, and none take a holistic approach, trying to cover them in a practical framework that could be used by organizations. Aim: The aim of the thesis is to propose a framework that enables organizations to systemize their innovation processes, making them flexible enough to repetitively seize opportunities through business model innovation where new value can be created and captured. The proposed framework aims to enable organizations to start discussing how they should create and capture new value and give them a more pragmatic view on the innovation process. It also aims to act as a starting point for future research. Methodology: The thesis follows March & Smith’s (1995) design science methodology in order to build and evaluate the framework. This is done in three steps; first by building a model from theory. Second, the emergence of business models in three different case companies are compared and investigated qualitatively. Lastly the model and the factors derived from the data are contrasted and a framework is built and evaluated. Findings & Conclusion: The basis of the derived framework proposes for big steps to change, and create and capture new value; analyze the basis of competition in the macro and micro environment, analyze and experiment with different non-customer tiers, experiment with the creation of value and experiment and analyze the capture of the value created. More tangible tools are proposed for each of these steps. Actually testing the framework and further evaluating and theorizing of the framework is proposed as future research directions.

At present time, climate and energy issues are important subjects in the international market and environmental technology is a rapidly growing concept. Many companies in Sweden have developed much in-house knowledge in environmental technology. Therefore, they have great opportunity to export. In the sustainability perspective, export has not only benefits in the economic aspect, but also advantages for the environment. Development of appropriate business models is necessary for supporting environmental technology export.In this research an attempt was made to explore business model elements and offerings for export of environmental technology. The relevant theories in environmental technology characteristics, customization, product service systems and business models were used.The case studies included a Swedish municipality-owned company, its subsidiaries and a Swedish private company which was active in export. Empirical data were collected by conducting of interviews. The results reflect the business models and offerings of the studied cases. The analysis of cases provided findings for environmental technologies characteristics which have effect on export business models.Furthermore, six categories for making distinction among different elements of business models in literature were defined in this study. By analysis of the cases a new category which entailed new elements was added as the seventh category. The mentioned categories are useful in business model formulating for export of environmental technology.

By the effects of globalization, countries become more and more integrated into each other, which in turn offer big opportunities to international corporations to make business across the borders. Game Outlet Europe AB, based in Karlstad, is one of them, which also operate internationally. It is the leading distributor in Europe for PC and console games in the low and mid price segments. This thesis is based on the issue of investigating whether or not Game Outlet’s current business concept called the “pallet concept”, would be feasible to apply in Poland. In order to answer that main question, we designed a problem statement with its underlying sub questions. In order to make good conclusions, we started to theoretically investigate the cultural differences and the consumer behaviour within Poland compared to Sweden.Poland is a country in change and has just recently joined the EU and has been targeted as an emerging market by western corporations. But before launching one’s business operations in a developing country, which has for example no tradition of learning the English language until recently and possessing a different history, one must consider the cultural differences and the difference of consumer behaviour.Our theoretical research shows that the Polish society in general has lower purchase power and weaker financial situation than Swedish society. Poland as an emerging market is considered by international companies to be a potential market, but those who seek potential will need to compare and contrast the prices so that they match the Polish people’s purchase power. However, an interesting observation that is in the interest of Game Outlet, are the Polish consumers’ willingness to pay for a classical and new released games. When compared to Swedish respondents, they are almost equally willing to pay for classical games. As we see it, Game Outlet has all the potential to achieve successful expansion. We also suggest a business model which should act as a recommendation for Game Outlet to consider. Most of the conclusions verify the strength and pros about Game Outlets business model, but some suggestions are new and created by ourselves.

Aim:  The aim of this study is to investigate how the “Freemium”                business model works in ArcMage AB and explore what challenges will ArcMage AB as an open-source software industry face when running the “Freemium” business model. Method: A case study was adopted, and a qualitative research and face-to-face interview were used to collect the fundamental data. We use simple sentence and lots of figures to show what the “Freemium” is and what we are find to make the readers’ understanding easier. Result & Conclusions: The results exhibit that ArcMage AB is run following all 9 blocks of the “Freemium” business model. The value proposition and customer relationship are the most challenging for the open-source software industry. Suggestions for future research: Only adopting one case and one interview in the research is the main limitation. Moreover, the limited sample size limited the research in some generalisations. It is difficult to use only one case to represent the whole situation of the open-source software industry. Furthermore, a larger sample size adopted in the research can increase the reliability of the researcher’s generalization. Contribution of the thesis: This research can be regarded as a guideline to the businessman who wants to build an open-source software company in order to avoid the weakness and threats, and take the opportunities.