This research undertakes to examine factors that contribute to make Australian national and cultural identity: shared history, narratives symbols, icons, places and memories that are united by a single political and geographical boundary. In particular, it considers the role of place on Australian national and cultural identity. This is a timely exercise since 'Australianess' is increasingly cited as a factor in federal government policy development. In order to address such a broad and complex area, the agenda has been limited to three specific locations: the beach, the verandah and the backyard. These sites have been selected first because of their prominent iconic status within the notion of 'Australianess' and, second, because of the underlying functional parallels that unite them. The present thesis contends that, unlike the function-specific sites where identity is neutralised by globalised standards of appearance, behaviour and harsh fluorescent light, the beach, the verandah and the backyard are ambiguous zones of in between that provide escape, shelter as well as spiritual sanctuary. The figures engage with the nominated locations in accordance with the significance, the meanings that they ascribe to that particular site. These meanings, however, vary greatly from person to person and from demographic to demographic, hence, the grasp of a universally binding sense of identity becomes a slippery proposition. National and cultural seity - the way we are and the way we perceive ourselves as a unified collective - is conditional to a number of factors, the most enduring and pervasive of these is the sense of place, the landscape, the way we affect it and, reciprocally, the way it affects us. National and cultural identity is never static, but remains in a state of perpetual evolution. It must be continually re-assessed in order to remain abreast of the cultural palimpsest as successive waves and generations of people from a variety of backgrounds, situations, ideas and forms of expression inscribe notions of self into their immediate environment.

This text/video thesis investigates how Canadian fathers feel about the threat of losing pond hockey, a revered game they love, to climate change. It responds to the David Suzuki Foundation’s (DSF) assertion that under a global ‘business as usual’ rate of producing greenhouse gases, the skating season of the world’s largest ‘rink’--the Rideau Canal--would shrink from a nine week historical average to just one week by century’s end (DSF, 2009a). Seven outdoor-hockey-loving fathers were interviewed, which revealed their willingness to share feelings of concern, sadness, fear, uncertainty, and need for action to mitigate against and adapt to the ill-effects of climate change on this game, and more serious social situations. Despite concerns it was revealed they took few substantial actions against climate change, which they recognized might affect themselves, their children, communities, and future generations. Conversation, at times nostalgic, helped make these issues more salient.

This research undertakes to examine factors that contribute to make Australian national and cultural identity: shared history, narratives symbols, icons, places and memories that are united by a single political and geographical boundary. In particular, it considers the role of place on Australian national and cultural identity. This is a timely exercise since 'Australianess' is increasingly cited as a factor in federal government policy development. In order to address such a broad and complex area, the agenda has been limited to three specific locations: the beach, the verandah and the backyard. These sites have been selected first because of their prominent iconic status within the notion of 'Australianess' and, second, because of the underlying functional parallels that unite them. The present thesis contends that, unlike the function-specific sites where identity is neutralised by globalised standards of appearance, behaviour and harsh fluorescent light, the beach, the verandah and the backyard are ambiguous zones of in between that provide escape, shelter as well as spiritual sanctuary. The figures engage with the nominated locations in accordance with the significance, the meanings that they ascribe to that particular site. These meanings, however, vary greatly from person to person and from demographic to demographic, hence, the grasp of a universally binding sense of identity becomes a slippery proposition. National and cultural seity - the way we are and the way we perceive ourselves as a unified collective - is conditional to a number of factors, the most enduring and pervasive of these is the sense of place, the landscape, the way we affect it and, reciprocally, the way it affects us. National and cultural identity is never static, but remains in a state of perpetual evolution. It must be continually re-assessed in order to remain abreast of the cultural palimpsest as successive waves and generations of people from a variety of backgrounds, situations, ideas and forms of expression inscribe notions of self into their immediate environment.

7 pp. / This publication discusses some backyard fruits that can be grown at elevations between 3500 to 6000 feet and also lists varieties of each fruit by harvest season.

In the last decade we have witnessed the strengthening of an international network of higher education all over the world. The need to educate and develop our contemporary society is a machine in continuous work and progress. Being a student is a condition that makes individuals, enriches culture and often crosses boundaries. Students are a necessary piece in the capitalist economy, which makes them a valuable and essential resource in order to sustain its markets. Therefore, countries and institutions compete to hold more and more students within their society but what are the consequences of the internationalisation of higher education (and its market(s) that is taking place on a global scale? The globalisation and internationalisation of education promote a migration of students always on the rise. In some cities such as Umeå, it implies consequent urban growth, the need to develop facilities, services and accommodations. Such patterns of immigration make students actors in the real estate market of the country they move to but they do not always find adequate conditions for their integration. The current economic crisis has debilitated many markets including that of real estate, and in that context, the thesis explores alternative ways of approaching affordable accommodation for students, as well as a different understanding of urban planning that aims at enabling diverse coexistences of students and other inhabitants and the progressive transformation and hybridisation of otherwise very homogenous areas of the city.

The burden of Streptococcus suis infection in humans is increasing worldwide. In Thailand, S. suis is the second most commonly recorded zoonosis. The principal sources of human S. suis infection are pig and pork products. A detailed understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of S. suis and the burden of the disease may help improve prevention and control policy to reduce the burden of this bacterial infection. The work presented in this thesis focuses on human outbreaks of S. suis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in humans and backyard pigs. This thesis examined the characteristics of previous outbreaks of S. suis in humans and calculated the incidence, disease burden and the associated economic burden of S. suis infection in Chiang Mai. The backyard pig system is important for S. suis transmission and this thesis examined the characteristics of the backyard pig production system in Chaing Mai and examined the prevalence and risk factor for S. suis infection in pigs. Finally, to examine transmission of S. suis, isolates collected during this study were identified and subject to molecular characterization. A retrospective analysis of surveillance data for S. suis cases in Chiang Mai between 2005 to 2014 highlighted the annual incidence rate over this ten year period of 15.52 per 1,000,000 population, 6.5 times higher than for the rest of Thailand (2.37 per 1,000,000 population). The case fatality rate was high at 10.12%. The impact on human health of S. suis infection was derived from surveillance data for the year 2013. The health burden measured in term of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) was estimated at 7.41 per 100,000 population. Most of the health burden (98.28%) was in adults aged 15-64 years. Males had 3.5 times the health burden of females. The consequences of hearing loss and deafness had significant impacts on affected individuals quality of life. The economic impact of S. suis outbreaks in Chiang Mai was between 2013 and 2014 was estimated from interview data. Most patients were covered for their health costs by the national health security scheme, with expenditure due to S. suis on average being 37,955 baht (£759) per patient. Out of pocket expenses for individuals and their families averaged 5,198 baht (£104) per patient. An epidemiological survey of backyard pig production facilities was undertaken in Chiang Mai province where there was a reported high incidence of S. suis cases in humans occurred each year. Most holdings had between one to five pigs and all holdings shared similar characteristics and management practices. The prevalence of S. suis was in pigs was 4.8% (95%CI=2.2-7.4%). Pigs living in larger spaces (≥ 1.2 m2) showed a lower risk for S. suis infection (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.07-25.21). Examination of the isolates from this study revealed a diversity of serotypes. Only one isolate was identified as S. suis serotype 9. The rest did not match any common serotypes for S. suis (1, 2, 7 or 9) and known virulent strains were not identified. Twelve independent sequence profiles were determined by MLST, of which, 11 were novel. Backyard pigs were found to be commonly infected with a range of previously unidentified S. suis and may be a significant reservoir of human infection.

Submitted by Ana Carla Almeida (ana.almeida@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-27T17:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REIS_WANDERLENE CF.pdf: 5486306 bytes, checksum: 7b364a4a304029e284b2d0fd676c9f5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emília Carvalho Ribeiro (maria.ribeiro@ucsal.br) on 2016-09-30T22:11:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 REIS_WANDERLENE CF.pdf: 5486306 bytes, checksum: 7b364a4a304029e284b2d0fd676c9f5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T22:11:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REIS_WANDERLENE CF.pdf: 5486306 bytes, checksum: 7b364a4a304029e284b2d0fd676c9f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-18 / Alguns aspectos justificam a necessidade de se estudar a permanência de quintais nas grandes cidades: a) os quintais remanescentes constituem recursos icônicos e simbólicos importantes para socialização e transmissão de cultura para as famílias e seus descendentes; portanto, são ambientes de desenvolvimento; b) os quintais poderão ser a chave de acesso a um conhecimento mais profundo da vida dos sujeitos, resgatando memórias relevantes num mundo cada vez mais superficial, automatizado e sem afeição; e c) pelas lacunas observadas nos estudos que tratam sobre este tema, quanto ao foco sobre a subjetividade. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, investigar os significados atribuídos aos quintais em narrativas de diferentes gerações de famílias residentes em áreas urbanas no século XXI, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O presente estudo classifica-se claramente como uma abordagem etnográfica e autoetnográfica. Nos processos simbólicos, destacaram-se as diferentes formas pelas quais a pessoa se identifica com o seu entorno, valoriza e preserva o lugar, mediante processos afetivos que estão relacionados à atração pelo lugar, - o quanto este é “afetivado” e lhe proporciona bem estar pessoal. O quintal é composto e modelado por seus moradores com base nos significados por estes atribuídos ao lugar. Portanto, é um microssistema construído pelas pessoas que vivem nele. Trata-se de um espaço cultural que depende das avaliações, primeiramente afetivas e depois cognitivas, pois parece estar associado, na perspectiva dos participantes, ao desejo de liberdade, de solidariedade e de amor. O cuidado com o quintal e o sentimento a este dispensado estiveram presentes em todas as faixas etárias estudadas, o que constitui uma descoberta importante. Diferentemente dos quintais agroflorestais, estudados por diversos autores apresentados, os quintais urbanos contribuem muito pouco para a alimentação dos membros das famílias. Contudo, esse processo não se refletiu no desuso do mesmo, visto que outros significados semióticos, de caráter mais afetivo, possibilitaram que o mesmo passasse a se constituir como “espaço biográfico”. / Some aspects justify the need to study the permanence of backyards in the big cities: a) the remaining yards are important iconic and symbolic resources for socialization and transmission of culture to families and their descendants; so they are development environments; b) the yards may be the key to access to a deeper knowledge from the subjects’ life, rescuing relevant memories in an increasingly perfunctory world, automated and without affection; and (c) by the gaps observed in studies dealing with this topic, regarding the focus on subjectivity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the meanings assigned to backyards in narratives of different generations of families living in urban areas in the 21st century, in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The present study clearly ranks as an ethnographic and autoethnographic approach. On the symbolic processes, the different ways highlighted in which the person identifies itself with its surroundings, values and preserves the place by affective processes that are related to the attraction to the place-how this is "effected" and gives its personal well-being. The backyard is composite and modeled by its residents on the basis of these meanings attributed to the place. Therefore, it is a micro system built by the people who live in it. It is a cultural space that depends on the reviews, first, and then cognitive affective, because it seems to be associated, in the participants’ perspective, the desire for freedom, solidarity and love. The care given to the yard and the feeling dispensed with it were present in all age groups assessed, what constitutes an important finding. Differently from the agroforestry backyards, studied by various authors submitted, the urban backyards contribute very short for feeding households’ members. However, this process was not reflected in the disuse of itself, since other semiotic meanings, most affective character, enabled it to constitute like a "biographical space".

The specific objectives of this study were to determine the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody titres from the chicken sera collected from various districts and provinces of Zambia and to determine the seroprevalence of ND in Zambian backyard chickens. Results showed that 73.9 % of the birds sampled tested positive for Newcastle disease (ND) antibodies. The seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Zambian backyard chicken flocks varied among the five provinces sampled, ranging from 82.6 % in Eastern Province to 48.3 % in Luapula Province. The seroprevalence of the virus also varied among the 11 districts sampled, ranging from 91.3 % in Monze District of Southern Province to 22.8 % in Mufulira District of the Copperbelt Province. The results indicated that the seroprevalence of ND in Zambia has increased since the last survey conducted in 1994. The data generated is expected to contribute towards a more clear understanding of the epidemiology of NDV that would ultimately contribute towards an improved ND control programme to benefit all stakeholders in Zambia. An improved ND control programme is expected to enhance flock numbers and ultimately improve the dietary requirements and income needs of many poor households in the country. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Every country in the world is affected by one or more forms of malnutrition. Malnutrition includes three conditions: undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies or excesses, or overnutrition. Obesity is a greater contributor to death than undernutrition. Age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and education level affect obesity. The rates of obesity vary considerably between states and regions of the country. The state of Mississippi is ranked as the poorest state in the nation and Mississippi has the highest adult obesity rate at 40.8% (Farberman & Kelley, 2020). Rabbit meat production and consumption is a possible solution to malnutrition worldwide (Petrescu & Petrescu-Mag, 2018). Relatively easy to raise with overall economical maintenance, raising rabbits for food has many benefits. However, its consumption falls behind other protein sources like beef, pork, chicken, and turkey (Petrescu & Petrescu-Mag, 2018). Understanding backyard grower-consumers’ perceptions of rabbit meat consumption could improve support and adoption of backyard rabbit programs. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to understand the perceptions of meat rabbit growers in Mississippi backyards and relative to rabbit rearing and consumption, were growers’ practices affected by external variables outside of their control. A qualitative study was useful in both an exploratory context as well as in an explanatory context to understand not how much or how many people consume rabbit meat, but instead the how and why of raising meat rabbits in your backyard. The results of this study provide a description of underlying reasons, opinions, motivations, and potential barriers in addition to insights into the reasons some Mississippians raise meat rabbits in their backyard for consumption. Reasons for raising meat rabbits included the desire to be more self-sufficient or to at least provide some sources of food security. Participants found rabbits an attractive protein source because they are easy to raise and relatively disease free needing no vaccines or antibiotics. Weather seemed to pose the greatest barrier or challenge to growers especially the summer heat experienced in the state of Mississippi. This information can prove helpful when developing programs and recruiting those individuals to participate because of their likelihood in adopting this lifestyle.

A shortage of academic literature exists on North American backyard chicken (BYC) keeping. This is particularly apparent when we ask why people keep backyard chickens in North American cities. This thesis examines individuals’ motivations and lived experiences with raising non-permitted BYC within the City of Winnipeg, using a phenomenological approach and Hanisch’s (2006) the Personal is Political theoretical perspective. Participants were motivated to keep BYC for food production, learning opportunities, leisure and companionship. Motivations were personal and often partly political. Sources of satisfaction derived from keeping BYC included food products, by-products and production, increased sense of connection, enjoyment, leisure, entertainment and companionship, learning opportunities, and doing what felt right. Fear of being found out, isolation and negative stereotypes were challenges experienced. Should the existing bylaw change, permitting BYC on residential Winnipeg properties, participants recommended imposing BYC-specific regulations and public education as a way of addressing concerns and mitigating potential issues. / October 2015