O mapeamento da vegetação urbana tem se restringido às áreas públicas ou a área total, não deixando de forma evidente a contribuição dos quintais privados para a vegetação urbana. Alguns trabalhos indicam que essas áreas teriam potencial para mitigar os impactos causados pela urbanização. Neste trabalho testaram-se diversos métodos para tentar mapear as áreas de quintais permeáveis com o intuito de desenvolver um método que possa auxiliar o planejamento urbano e na investigação da contribuição dessas áreas para a vegetação urbana. O trabalho conseguiu resultados com acurácia bastante elevada (Kappa = 0,9553) e apresentou técnicas inovadoras de filtragem e classificação, destacando-se o aplicativo desenvolvido para realizar a filtragem Kuwahara que demonstrou melhorar bastante os resultados de classificações por abordagem de pixels. As classificações de abordagem por pixel levaram a resultados estatisticamente até melhores que a classificação orientada a objetos, no entanto, a apresentação visual dos resultados da classificação orientada a objetos é superior pela redução do ruído. / Urban vegetation mapping has been restricted to the public areas or the total area, not showing the contribution of the private yards to the urban greening. Some studies indicate that these areas have potential to mitigate the impacts caused by the urbanization. In this work, many methods for mapping pervious gardens were tested aiming the development of a method that could aid urban planning and investigating the contribution of these areas to the urban greening. This work achieved highly accurate results (kappa = 0.9553) and presented novel techniques for filtering and classification. We highlight the development of a simple application to perform the Kuwahara filter, which improved the results of the classification by pixel approach. The classification algorithms by pixel approach resulted in statistically more accurate products, although visually the results presented by object-oriented approach is closer to landscape features.

O mapeamento da vegetação urbana tem se restringido às áreas públicas ou a área total, não deixando de forma evidente a contribuição dos quintais privados para a vegetação urbana. Alguns trabalhos indicam que essas áreas teriam potencial para mitigar os impactos causados pela urbanização. Neste trabalho testaram-se diversos métodos para tentar mapear as áreas de quintais permeáveis com o intuito de desenvolver um método que possa auxiliar o planejamento urbano e na investigação da contribuição dessas áreas para a vegetação urbana. O trabalho conseguiu resultados com acurácia bastante elevada (Kappa = 0,9553) e apresentou técnicas inovadoras de filtragem e classificação, destacando-se o aplicativo desenvolvido para realizar a filtragem Kuwahara que demonstrou melhorar bastante os resultados de classificações por abordagem de pixels. As classificações de abordagem por pixel levaram a resultados estatisticamente até melhores que a classificação orientada a objetos, no entanto, a apresentação visual dos resultados da classificação orientada a objetos é superior pela redução do ruído. / Urban vegetation mapping has been restricted to the public areas or the total area, not showing the contribution of the private yards to the urban greening. Some studies indicate that these areas have potential to mitigate the impacts caused by the urbanization. In this work, many methods for mapping pervious gardens were tested aiming the development of a method that could aid urban planning and investigating the contribution of these areas to the urban greening. This work achieved highly accurate results (kappa = 0.9553) and presented novel techniques for filtering and classification. We highlight the development of a simple application to perform the Kuwahara filter, which improved the results of the classification by pixel approach. The classification algorithms by pixel approach resulted in statistically more accurate products, although visually the results presented by object-oriented approach is closer to landscape features.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaVLF_DISSERT.pdf: 1991166 bytes, checksum: b2f3236100c39b20b1037d2678e531ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This works aimed at the carrying out an ethnobotanical study on plant genetic resources in the Sao Miguel city, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The work was divided into three chapters, which dealt the first a general introduction and a review of literature review. In second chapter the study covered of the use of medicinal plants in the family groups agriculture communities on the Sitio Cruz, emphasizing are medicinal plants and considering the views of children on these environments. The third chapter, proposes included a study with raizeiros the study on Sao Miguel city on aspect of marketing of medicinal plants. The methodology used in the last two chapters covering qualitative and quantitative, and conducted semi-structured interviews and other data collection techniques. All the families around the Sitio Cruz have a singular importance, and consist of several areas with different functions and meanings. These areas are composed of variety of ethnospecies, as demonstrated by the informants, a broad understanding of these plants and their uses. As the marketing of medicinal plants and products, it was found that the raizeiros of Sao Miguel-RN are people aged between 34 and 81 years engaged in the activity is an average of 14 years, earning a monthly income lower than a minimum wage. The plants and products are in demand for various types of diseases, and the dried plants and products benefit from the main forms of marketing. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre os recursos genéticos vegetais no município de São Miguel-RN. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, sendo abordada, no primeiro, uma introdução geral e uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto. O segundo capítulo abrangeu o estudo sobre a utilização das plantas existentes nos arredores dos núcleos familiares da comunidade rural do Sítio Cruz, enfatizando-se as plantas medicinais e considerando a visão das crianças sobre estes ambientes. O terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, compreendeu um estudo realizado com os raizeiros de São Miguel sobre aspectos da comercialização de plantas medicinais. A metodologia utilizada nos dois últimos capítulos abrangeu aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, sendo realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e outras técnicas de coleta de dados. Todos os arredores dos núcleos familiares do Sítio Cruz possuem uma importância singular, sendo constituídos por vários espaços com diferentes funções e significados. Esses espaços são compostos por grande diversidade de etnoespécies, sendo demonstrada, pelos informantes, uma ampla compreensão sobre essas plantas e seus usos. Quanto à comercialização de plantas e produtos medicinais, verificou-se que os raizeiros de São Miguel-RN são pessoas com idade entre 34 e 81 anos que exercem a atividade há um tempo médio de 14 anos, obtendo uma renda mensal menor que um salário mínimo. As plantas e produtos são procurados para vários tipos de doenças, sendo as plantas secas e os produtos beneficiados as principais formas de comercialização.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaVLF_DISSERT.pdf: 1991166 bytes, checksum: b2f3236100c39b20b1037d2678e531ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This works aimed at the carrying out an ethnobotanical study on plant genetic resources in the Sao Miguel city, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The work was divided into three chapters, which dealt the first a general introduction and a review of literature review. In second chapter the study covered of the use of medicinal plants in the family groups agriculture communities on the Sitio Cruz, emphasizing are medicinal plants and considering the views of children on these environments. The third chapter, proposes included a study with raizeiros the study on Sao Miguel city on aspect of marketing of medicinal plants. The methodology used in the last two chapters covering qualitative and quantitative, and conducted semi-structured interviews and other data collection techniques. All the families around the Sitio Cruz have a singular importance, and consist of several areas with different functions and meanings. These areas are composed of variety of ethnospecies, as demonstrated by the informants, a broad understanding of these plants and their uses. As the marketing of medicinal plants and products, it was found that the raizeiros of Sao Miguel-RN are people aged between 34 and 81 years engaged in the activity is an average of 14 years, earning a monthly income lower than a minimum wage. The plants and products are in demand for various types of diseases, and the dried plants and products benefit from the main forms of marketing. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo etnobotânico sobre os recursos genéticos vegetais no município de São Miguel-RN. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos, sendo abordada, no primeiro, uma introdução geral e uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto. O segundo capítulo abrangeu o estudo sobre a utilização das plantas existentes nos arredores dos núcleos familiares da comunidade rural do Sítio Cruz, enfatizando-se as plantas medicinais e considerando a visão das crianças sobre estes ambientes. O terceiro capítulo, por sua vez, compreendeu um estudo realizado com os raizeiros de São Miguel sobre aspectos da comercialização de plantas medicinais. A metodologia utilizada nos dois últimos capítulos abrangeu aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos, sendo realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e outras técnicas de coleta de dados. Todos os arredores dos núcleos familiares do Sítio Cruz possuem uma importância singular, sendo constituídos por vários espaços com diferentes funções e significados. Esses espaços são compostos por grande diversidade de etnoespécies, sendo demonstrada, pelos informantes, uma ampla compreensão sobre essas plantas e seus usos. Quanto à comercialização de plantas e produtos medicinais, verificou-se que os raizeiros de São Miguel-RN são pessoas com idade entre 34 e 81 anos que exercem a atividade há um tempo médio de 14 anos, obtendo uma renda mensal menor que um salário mínimo. As plantas e produtos são procurados para vários tipos de doenças, sendo as plantas secas e os produtos beneficiados as principais formas de comercialização.

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-19T17:23:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 9 bytes, checksum: 42dd12a06de379d3ffa39b67dc9c7aff (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-10-24T15:54:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-24T15:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) deliene_fracete_gutierrez,.pdf: 1706420 bytes, checksum: f843640daf71e09e91c83bc295621b02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) / O uso de plantas para tratamento, cura e preven??o de doen?as, ? uma das mais antigas formas de pr?tica medicinal da humanidade. No Brasil a influ?ncia da cultura ind?gena, africana e europeia fundamentam a utiliza??o das plantas medicinais e outras pr?ticas de cura. Este saber tem sido marginalizado pela ci?ncia moderna apesar de ter sido fundamental para constitui??o da mesma. Cerca de 80% da popula??o mundial utiliza tratamentos tradicionais a base de plantas para suas necessidades de aten??o prim?ria de sa?de conforme estimativas da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de. As plantas de uso medicinal s?o cultivadas tanto em quintais rurais quanto urbanos. Nestes espa?os ao redor das casas, s?o cultivadas plantas para v?rios fins, s?o criados animais dom?sticos de pequeno porte e, tamb?m, acontecem atividades socioculturais e de lazer, o que faz dos quintais espa?os de conserva??o da biodiversidade e da sociodiversidade al?m de ser espa?o pedag?gico de reprodu??o do modo de vida do campo. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar a l?gica cultural do uso de plantas medicinais e a valora??o de pr?ticas tradicionais do cuidar de agricultores familiares de tr?s munic?pios do Vale do Mucuri (Sudoeste do Brasil). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa onde foram feitas entrevistadas com agricultores que cultivam e utilizam plantas medicinais no cuidado da sa?de. As entrevistas foram analisadas atrav?s do m?todo de an?lise de discurso e foi poss?vel identificar a racionalidade do cultivo e do uso das plantas, cujo conhecimento vem sendo perpetuado principalmente de forma oral de gera??o em gera??o. Foram identificados pares de opostos complementares que organizam o mundo vivido das comunidades tradicionais, como: quente/fria, brava/mansa, alta/baixa. Tamb?m foi identificada rela??o da coleta das plantas com as fases da lua, com a cultura ind?gena local e com a f? cat?lica popular. Consideramos que o conhecimento a respeito do uso das plantas medicinais contribui com a autonomia das pessoas no cuidado com a sa?de, resiste e contribui com a constru??o do conhecimento dialogado com outros para a constru??o de uma sociedade mais saud?vel. Essa disserta??o de mestrado faz parte de um projeto mais amplo aprovado pela FAPEMIG no bi?nio 2015-2017 intitulado: ?O lugar e a vida: A organiza??o do trabalho e imagin?rio entre os agricultores familiares no Alto Vale Jequitinhonha (MG).? / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2015. / The use of plants for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases, is one of the oldest form of medical practice of mankind. In Brazil the influence of indigenous, African and European culture is warranting the use of medicinal plants and other healing practices. This knowledge has been marginalized by modern science even though it was fundamental for creation of it. About 80% of world population uses traditional herbal treatments for their primary health care needs according to estimates from the World Health Organization. The medicinal plants are grow in both rural and urban backyards. In these spaces around the houses, are cultivated plants for various purposes as the livestock of small domestic animals, also are held socio-cultural and leisure activities, which makes the backyards spaces of biodiversity conservation and social diversity as well as being educational space of reproduction of the rural way of life. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate the cultural logic of the use of medicinal plants and the valuation of traditional practices of caring from agricultural families in three municipalities of the Mucuri Valley (Brazil Southeast). It is a qualitative survey where respondents were from agricultural families who cultivate and use medicinal plants in the care of the health. The interviewed results analyzed by discurse analyses and were identified rationale of the cultivation and use of plants, that are mainly passed down orally from generation to generation. Complementary opposite pairs were identified to organize the life of traditional communities, like: hot/cold, angry/meek, tall/short. Also were identified the relationship of collect of plants with the phases of the moon, the relationship with the local indigenous culture and popular catholic faith. Considering that this knowledge contributes to people's autonomy in caring for the health, resist and contributione to building of knowledge in dialogue with others to the maintenance of a healthier society. This dissertation is part of a larger project approved by the FAPEMIG the biennium 2015-2017 entitled "The place and the life: The organization of work and imagination among family farmers in the Upper Jequitinhonha Valley (MG).

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-08T11:36:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Lucia Helena Maria de Almeida.pdf: 1165465 bytes, checksum: 94d4423046dc22feb941095d641bc509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T11:36:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Lucia Helena Maria de Almeida.pdf: 1165465 bytes, checksum: 94d4423046dc22feb941095d641bc509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ / On the occasion of the climate disaster occourred in January 2011 in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, many farmers in the municipalities of Teresopolis and Nova Friburgo, have been directly or indirectly affected, depending, than, on donations of basic food kits for their survive, since the model of regional production is based on monoculture vegetables. ?Koinonia Ecumenical Presence and Service?, an organization of ecumenical service which operated in the region in a project of humanitarian assistance to affected rural households, formulated the ?Quintais Agroecol?gicos: Um Caminho para a Seguran?a Alimentar na Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro? ["Agroecological Backyards : A Path to Food Security in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro"] designed to contribute to an improvement of food safety to affected farmers in Teresopolis and Nova Friburgo families by spreading agroecological practices that would contribute for a health and quality of life improvement for the families. The concepts of agroecological practices were shared in workshops with theoretical and practical content as well as technical visits to Fazendinha Agroecol?gica 47 km and an agroforestry system implemented on a near farm. This dissertation aimed to nurture the trial of two agroecological practices of soil fertilization on production units led by organic and conventional farmers with potential to spread the acquired concepts. Experiments were implemented in six production units located in the municipality of Teresopolis. In order to discuss the results, two units led by families of traditional farmers were elected. The experiment consisted on four treatments (control , type fermented Bokashi compost, green manure, green manure plus compost Bokashi) arranged in four randomized groups. Green manure was made from a mixture of millet and Crotalaria juncea. After that, following crops of families economic interest (arugula and lettuce) were implemented. We found that Green manure is more efficient, however, the Bokashi fermented compound results point to the need for more studies of its use, and other benefits to the soil-plant system, especially concerning to the dosages / Por ocasi?o da cat?strofe clim?tica ocorrida em janeiro de 2011 na regi?o serrana fluminense, um n?mero expressivo de agricultores familiares dos munic?pios de Teres?polis e Nova Friburgo, direta ou indiretamente afetados, dependeu de doa??es de cestas b?sicas de alimentos para a sua subsist?ncia, uma vez que o modelo de produ??o regional baseia-se na monocultura de hortali?as. Koinonia Presen?a Ecum?nica e Servi?o, uma organiza??o de servi?o ecum?nico que atuava na regi?o em um projeto de ajuda humanit?ria a fam?lias rurais atingidas, formulou o projeto ?Quintais Agroecol?gicos: Um Caminho para a Seguran?a Alimentar na Regi?o Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro? que teve como principal objetivo contribuir para a melhoria das condi??es de seguran?a alimentar de fam?lias afetadas de agricultores em Teres?polis e Nova Friburgo, a partir da dissemina??o de pr?ticas agroecol?gicas que, concorreriam para uma melhoria na sa?de e na qualidade de vida das fam?lias. Os conceitos sobre as pr?ticas agroecol?gicas foram compartilhados em oficinas com conte?do te?rico e pr?tico, al?m de visitas t?cnicas ? Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47 e a um Sistema Agroflorestal implantado em uma fazenda da regi?o. A presente disserta??o teve como objetivo oportunizar a experimenta??o de duas pr?ticas agroecol?gicas de fertiliza??o dos solos em unidades de produ??o lideradas por agricultores org?nicos e convencionais com potencial de multiplica??o dos conceitos adquiridos. Foram implementados experimentos em seis unidades de produ??o localizadas no munic?pio de Teres?polis, e para efeito de discuss?o dos resultados elegeu-se as duas unidades lideradas por fam?lias de agricultores tradicionais. O delineamento experimental foi constitu?do de quatro tratamentos (controle, composto fermentado tipo Bokashi, aduba??o verde, e aduba??o verde mais o composto Bokashi) dispostos em quatro blocos casualizados. A aduba??o verde foi feita a partir de uma mistura de milheto e crotalaria juncea. Em sucess?o foram implantados cultivos de interesse econ?mico das fam?lias, no caso r?cula e alface. A aduba??o verde se mostrou mais eficiente, todavia, os resultados com rela??o ao composto fermentado tipo Bokashi apontam para a necessidade de maiores aprofundamentos no estudo de seu uso, e de outros benef?cios ao sistema solo-planta, sobretudo no que diz respeito ?s dosagens recomendadas

Thèse réalisée en co-tutelle avec le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. / Cette thèse opère principalement à deux niveaux, un niveau ethnographique et un niveau communicationnel. Je m’intéresse ici à l’étrange cas des jungles de garage nord-américaines et aux dizaines de milliers d’animaux dits « exotiques » qui les composent. Au cours de l’année 2011, j’ai parcouru plus de 25 000 kms à travers le continent, à la rencontre précisément de ces espaces postnaturalisés qui constituent désormais une part non négligeable (et pourtant souvent négligée) de nos paysages écologiques contemporains. Plus tout à fait sauvages, ni pour autant complètement domestiques, ces modes d’existence pionniers hantent désormais une zone grise de nos savoirs zoologiques, de nos avoirs culturels. En effet, ces humanimalités en devenir ne vont pas sans brouiller certaines de nos conceptions dichotomiques traditionnelles (telles nature/culture, humain/non-humain, proie/prédateur, dominant/dominé, émetteur/récepteur). À une époque où l’animal est régulièrement objet de débats théoriques, légaux, sociaux, politiques ou encore épistémologiques, la prise en compte renouvelée de ces singularités animales fournit ici d’importants précédents en matière d’adaptation, d’évolution et d’émergence. En livrant de la sorte les résultats d’ethnographies transpécifiques originales, j’offre ainsi à la discussion un matériel éthologique inédit touchant à la vie d’animaux a priori connus, mais dont les modalités existentielles actuelles restent encore largement méconnues. Ainsi, plutôt que de considérer l’animal d’un simple point de vue substantialiste ou bien encore depuis une stricte perspective hylémorphique, c’est-à-dire s’attachant essentiellement à des questions de forme et de matière (un tigre né et élevé en captivité, nourri de viande de supermarché et sous pilule contraceptive est-il toujours un tigre ?), je me concentre plutôt sur ces mouvements complexes d’information et de communication qui donnent forme à la matière et matière à la formation (et font du tigre d’aujourd’hui non plus l’alter ego du roi de la jungle, mais l’égal du chat de gouttière). Dans une perspective simondonienne, je conceptualise alors une certaine logique de l’individuation animale, que je rapporte à la part d’indétermination que comprend tout processus de communication. J’émets ainsi l’hypothèse que l'animalité, bien plus qu'une simple collection d’attributs, constitue en réalité un enchevêtrement toujours mouvementé de relationalités transductives. Ici, teckné et anima opèrent de manière disparate mais conjointe, pour alimenter partie de nos processus anthropogéniques. En puisant constamment dans un tel réservoir de differentialités, notre espèce ne cesse ainsi de se réinventer. Dès lors, les biomedia ne seront plus considérés comme la dernière itération de notre modernité technologique, se déplaçant lentement de matérialités inorganiques en potentialités organiques, mais bien plutôt compris tel un nouveau registre d’écriture du vivant opérant au cœur d’un potentiel d’inscription animatif continuellement remis en je(u). Parce que nos relations avec les animaux ont toujours été inséparables de nos devenirs respectifs, la manière dont nous sommes aujourd’hui aux prises avec certains de nos (anciens) prédateurs dit beaucoup, me semble-t-il, de notre à-venir et de cet animal-medium que nous logeons tous. Ici conceptualisées, ces jungles de garage renvoient à de puissants champs expérientiels, non pas dénaturés mais renaturalisés, au cœur desquels certains organismes démontrent, en réaction précisément à des pressions sélectives renouvelées, non seulement des réponses adaptatives surprenantes, mais initient aussi des processus innovants impliquant plusieurs niveaux d’individuations créatrices. / This thesis operates mainly on two levels: one is ethnographical, the other is communicationnal. I explore the curious case of North American jungle backyards in which « used-to-be-wild » animals are experiencing « almost-domesticated » existences while their daily lives are merged with that of Homo sapiens. As pets, guinea pigs or postnatural totems, these pioneer organisms not only feed the third most important black market in the world, they also blur our traditional zoological and philosophical apparatus (often driven by dichotomies between nature/culture, human/nonhuman, prey/predator, dominant/dominated, transmitter/receiver). In 2011, I traveled 16 000 miles all around the continent to explore some of these contemporary humanimal modalities. Hence, I examine important transpecific aspects of these modified ecological landscapes, in which known living organisms experience unknown reorganizations of life. In a Simondonian perspective, I reconceptualize animality and communication activities in order to readdress, along with the question of the animal, individuation processes and their inherent indetermination qualities – the kind, yet unseen, that contemporary jungle backyards silently nurture. At a time when animal rights and bioethics are regularly at stake (and indeed a serious preoccupation for societies that strive to leave behind medieval practices, but also attempt to cope with their biotechnological becomings), jungle backyards provide an original ethological dataset based not only on what an animal is or should be, but rather on what real animal existences actually consist of. In that respect, I offer firsthand material that may help to better navigate our common Ark, possibly facing a new environmental flood. Instead of considering animals from a reductive substancialist point of view or from a strict hylemorphic perspective, focusing on matters of form or forms of matter, I concentrate on movements that give form to matter and matter to form. I then suggest that animality, more than a simple collection of mere attributes or even a basic manifestation of an elaborate biochemical complex, constitutes an enmeshment constantly in motion made of transductive relationalities. Here, biomedia are not considered the latest bourgeon of our technological modernity, slowly shifting from inorganic materialities to organic potentialities, but rather an ancient deviation of natural forces (too quickly restricted to domestication). Instead teckné and anima operate jointly and disparately to propel what I call aniculture and which I consider to be not only a part of our anthropogenic processes, but also a mutagenic pool of differentialities from which humanity constantly draws in order to reinvent itself. Then, along with a specific textual mode of organization (as transpecific as its topic), writing is here even envisaged as another possible expression of animality, maybe even a powerful re-intensification. Because our traditional dealings with animals have always been inseparable from our becomings, the (yet untold) ways we are now dealing with some of our ex-predators and preys reveal a great deal about our postnatural futures and that “animal-medium” we all inhabit. In fact, jungle backyards are less denaturalized places than renaturalized spaces in which animals demonstrate not only adaptive responses to selective pressures but initiate creative processes at a number of levels from which fertile lines of thought can eventually stem.

Cette thèse opère principalement à deux niveaux, un niveau ethnographique et un niveau communicationnel. Je m’intéresse ici à l’étrange cas des jungles de garage nord-américaines et aux dizaines de milliers d’animaux dits « exotiques » qui les composent. Au cours de l’année 2011, j’ai parcouru plus de 25 000 kms à travers le continent, à la rencontre précisément de ces espaces postnaturalisés qui constituent désormais une part non négligeable (et pourtant souvent négligée) de nos paysages écologiques contemporains. Plus tout à fait sauvages, ni pour autant complètement domestiques, ces modes d’existence pionniers hantent désormais une zone grise de nos savoirs zoologiques, de nos avoirs culturels. En effet, ces humanimalités en devenir ne vont pas sans brouiller certaines de nos conceptions dichotomiques traditionnelles (telles nature/culture, humain/non-humain, proie/prédateur, dominant/dominé, émetteur/récepteur). À une époque où l’animal est régulièrement objet de débats théoriques, légaux, sociaux, politiques ou encore épistémologiques, la prise en compte renouvelée de ces singularités animales fournit ici d’importants précédents en matière d’adaptation, d’évolution et d’émergence. En livrant de la sorte les résultats d’ethnographies transpécifiques originales, j’offre ainsi à la discussion un matériel éthologique inédit touchant à la vie d’animaux a priori connus, mais dont les modalités existentielles actuelles restent encore largement méconnues. Ainsi, plutôt que de considérer l’animal d’un simple point de vue substantialiste ou bien encore depuis une stricte perspective hylémorphique, c’est-à-dire s’attachant essentiellement à des questions de forme et de matière (un tigre né et élevé en captivité, nourri de viande de supermarché et sous pilule contraceptive est-il toujours un tigre ?), je me concentre plutôt sur ces mouvements complexes d’information et de communication qui donnent forme à la matière et matière à la formation (et font du tigre d’aujourd’hui non plus l’alter ego du roi de la jungle, mais l’égal du chat de gouttière). Dans une perspective simondonienne, je conceptualise alors une certaine logique de l’individuation animale, que je rapporte à la part d’indétermination que comprend tout processus de communication. J’émets ainsi l’hypothèse que l'animalité, bien plus qu'une simple collection d’attributs, constitue en réalité un enchevêtrement toujours mouvementé de relationalités transductives. Ici, teckné et anima opèrent de manière disparate mais conjointe, pour alimenter partie de nos processus anthropogéniques. En puisant constamment dans un tel réservoir de differentialités, notre espèce ne cesse ainsi de se réinventer. Dès lors, les biomedia ne seront plus considérés comme la dernière itération de notre modernité technologique, se déplaçant lentement de matérialités inorganiques en potentialités organiques, mais bien plutôt compris tel un nouveau registre d’écriture du vivant opérant au cœur d’un potentiel d’inscription animatif continuellement remis en je(u). Parce que nos relations avec les animaux ont toujours été inséparables de nos devenirs respectifs, la manière dont nous sommes aujourd’hui aux prises avec certains de nos (anciens) prédateurs dit beaucoup, me semble-t-il, de notre à-venir et de cet animal-medium que nous logeons tous. Ici conceptualisées, ces jungles de garage renvoient à de puissants champs expérientiels, non pas dénaturés mais renaturalisés, au cœur desquels certains organismes démontrent, en réaction précisément à des pressions sélectives renouvelées, non seulement des réponses adaptatives surprenantes, mais initient aussi des processus innovants impliquant plusieurs niveaux d’individuations créatrices. / This thesis operates mainly on two levels: one is ethnographical, the other is communicationnal. I explore the curious case of North American jungle backyards in which « used-to-be-wild » animals are experiencing « almost-domesticated » existences while their daily lives are merged with that of Homo sapiens. As pets, guinea pigs or postnatural totems, these pioneer organisms not only feed the third most important black market in the world, they also blur our traditional zoological and philosophical apparatus (often driven by dichotomies between nature/culture, human/nonhuman, prey/predator, dominant/dominated, transmitter/receiver). In 2011, I traveled 16 000 miles all around the continent to explore some of these contemporary humanimal modalities. Hence, I examine important transpecific aspects of these modified ecological landscapes, in which known living organisms experience unknown reorganizations of life. In a Simondonian perspective, I reconceptualize animality and communication activities in order to readdress, along with the question of the animal, individuation processes and their inherent indetermination qualities – the kind, yet unseen, that contemporary jungle backyards silently nurture. At a time when animal rights and bioethics are regularly at stake (and indeed a serious preoccupation for societies that strive to leave behind medieval practices, but also attempt to cope with their biotechnological becomings), jungle backyards provide an original ethological dataset based not only on what an animal is or should be, but rather on what real animal existences actually consist of. In that respect, I offer firsthand material that may help to better navigate our common Ark, possibly facing a new environmental flood. Instead of considering animals from a reductive substancialist point of view or from a strict hylemorphic perspective, focusing on matters of form or forms of matter, I concentrate on movements that give form to matter and matter to form. I then suggest that animality, more than a simple collection of mere attributes or even a basic manifestation of an elaborate biochemical complex, constitutes an enmeshment constantly in motion made of transductive relationalities. Here, biomedia are not considered the latest bourgeon of our technological modernity, slowly shifting from inorganic materialities to organic potentialities, but rather an ancient deviation of natural forces (too quickly restricted to domestication). Instead teckné and anima operate jointly and disparately to propel what I call aniculture and which I consider to be not only a part of our anthropogenic processes, but also a mutagenic pool of differentialities from which humanity constantly draws in order to reinvent itself. Then, along with a specific textual mode of organization (as transpecific as its topic), writing is here even envisaged as another possible expression of animality, maybe even a powerful re-intensification. Because our traditional dealings with animals have always been inseparable from our becomings, the (yet untold) ways we are now dealing with some of our ex-predators and preys reveal a great deal about our postnatural futures and that “animal-medium” we all inhabit. In fact, jungle backyards are less denaturalized places than renaturalized spaces in which animals demonstrate not only adaptive responses to selective pressures but initiate creative processes at a number of levels from which fertile lines of thought can eventually stem. / Thèse réalisée en co-tutelle avec le Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris.