No description available.

This paper studied earnings management through Bad Debt Expense. The goal of this thesis was to see if managers manipulate Bad Debt Expense in order to smooth their bottom line. In order to test this, I created several different variables relating to Bad Debt Expense and some control variables for Net Income. I found that my results are consistent with earnings management. The results are not clearly stated and therefore I cannot say that earnings management is definitely happening, but it is a possibility.

none

No description available.

The main objective of this theses is to provide a comprehensive view of the issue of receivables creation, evidence, securing and eventual debt recovery and about the way of its recording in accounting. The theses is divided into five chapters which focus on the receivables definition itself, the way of their recording in the accountancy, their securing, on debts after due date and on creation of bad debt allowance.

Bad debt deductions and doubtful debt allowances provide relief to taxpayers who would be subject to income tax on amounts accrued to them which may never be received. No definition of a bad or doubtful debt is provided in the Income Tax Act. This dissertation considered current legislation, historical court cases, academic writing and the views expressed by SARS through explanatory memoranda and directives in order to establish when a debt becomes bad or doubtful and the extent of the relief granted. This dissertation also considered the future of the doubtful debt allowance in light of the change of accounting standards from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. There are no specific requirements for a debt to become bad or doubtful. Whether a debt is bad is a factual question taking into account all relevant facts. Whether a debt is doubtful and the extent of the allowance granted is determined by the Commissioner, but that determination must be reasonable. The Commissioner relies on IAS 39 rules of impairment as the starting point for determination of a doubtful debt allowance. IFRS 9 determines impairment in a significantly different manner to IAS 39, abandoning the requirement that a “loss event” must have occurred. Adoption of IFRS 9 will result in a change to the determination of doubtful debt allowances, for example, by reducing the generally accepted rate of 25% of identified doubtful debts or by requiring the taxpayer to compile a list of debts which would have qualified as doubtful under IAS 39.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad evaluar el impacto financiero en las perdidas crediticias esperadas de las cuentas por cobrar comerciales a partir de la aplicación de la NIIF 9 en el sector de Telecomunicaciones. Esta nueva norma entrará en vigencia a partir del año 2018, y proporciona lineamientos específicos para el registro de la provisión por incobrables. Es por ello que las empresas deben considerar los cambios que surgirán en el registro de la provisión, así como el modelo a seleccionar, y esto se desarrollará a partir de nuestra investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. Como parte de la metodología de investigación, se obtuvo las opiniones de expertos y colaboradores de las mismas empresas del sector, a través de entrevistas a profundidad y encuestas. Del mismo modo, se desarrolló un caso práctico con el fin de dar mayor énfasis en el efecto de la aplicación de la NIIF 9 en el ámbito contable. Después de analizar los datos recolectados y haber identificado las diferencias entre la NIC 39 y la NIIF 9, se exponen las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las empresas de Telecomunicaciones. / The purpose of this research work is to evaluate the financial impact on the expected credit losses of trade accounts receivable from the application of IFRS 9 in the Telecommunications sector. This new standard will become effective from the year 2018, and provides specific guidelines for the registration of bad debt provision. That is why companies must consider the changes that will arise in the record of the provision as well as the model to be selected, and this will be developed from our qualitative and quantitative research. As part of the research methodology, expert opinions were obtained and collaborators of the same companies in the sector, through in-depth interviews and surveys in the same way, a case study was developed in order to give more emphasis in the effect of the application of IFRS 9 in the accounting field. After analyzing the data collected and having identified the differences between the NIC 39 and IFRS 9, the conclusions and recommendations are presented to the Telecommunications companies. / Tesis

The object of the following Diploma thesis was to design and test a simple and well-arranged credit tool – a Rating Model (further Model) which could be used as a preventative measure in credit policy. This rating model was designed in order to make the work of the Credit Risk Management sub-department and Rating Committee of KORADO more effective and at the same time to make more effective use of currently available internal and external data. Should the Company decide to use this Rating Model, a minimum of additional expenses would be incurred. The reader of this work will gain theoretical knowledge regarding financial analysis, credit management and fuzzy logic which is used in the calculation of a Total Rating. He/she will become acquainted with the major external agencies providing rating evaluations. As well, the reader may apprise the theoretical Rating model, including its practical use on four domestic and four overseas customers of KORADO. In conclusion there is an implementation of the Model, including a time schedule, an implementation team proposal as well as a budget of implementation and utilization costs.

Submitted by LUIS OTAVIO PAVAN HATAMOTO (luis_hatamoto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-10T18:35:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisHatamoto-TeseMestrado.pdf: 1852048 bytes, checksum: bc6eb8138880413b55d2b36836dc2d21 (MD5) / Rejected by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde, Prezado Luis Por favor corrigir os seguintes itens: Tirar o acento de Getulio Titulo em letras maiúsculas - alterar nas página que houver o titulo No fim da página fica apenas São Paulo tirar o - SP Campo de Conhecimento: Finanças e Economia de Empresas (alterar nas páginas que houver campo de conhecimento) Peço proceder com as alterações e submeter novamente o trabalho Atenciosamente on 2017-01-10T18:48:54Z (GMT) / Submitted by LUIS OTAVIO PAVAN HATAMOTO (luis_hatamoto@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-11T12:50:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 LuisHatamoto-TeseMestrado.pdf: 1852048 bytes, checksum: bc6eb8138880413b55d2b36836dc2d21 (MD5) Financ¸as-Hatamoto-Tese-Final_v4 - entrega.pdf: 1507861 bytes, checksum: cf32b9fd2a3bdc2b7a9dff998a04a9fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2017-01-11T15:14:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 LuisHatamoto-TeseMestrado.pdf: 1852048 bytes, checksum: bc6eb8138880413b55d2b36836dc2d21 (MD5) Financ¸as-Hatamoto-Tese-Final_v4 - entrega.pdf: 1507861 bytes, checksum: cf32b9fd2a3bdc2b7a9dff998a04a9fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T11:47:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LuisHatamoto-TeseMestrado.pdf: 1852048 bytes, checksum: bc6eb8138880413b55d2b36836dc2d21 (MD5) Financ¸as-Hatamoto-Tese-Final_v4 - entrega.pdf: 1507861 bytes, checksum: cf32b9fd2a3bdc2b7a9dff998a04a9fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / This study seeks to assess whether the provision method for doubtful accounts (PDD, or 'Provisão para Devedores Duvidosos') adopted by financial institutions is applicable in retail companies and if there are adjustments needed to improve the use of these methods in this sector. Banks and other financial institutions have unique characteristics in the composition of its loan portfolio, which require the adoption of different procedures in the PDD composition against those charged by other sectors (i.e. trade, industry or services), which are free to actualize the loss provisioning. Financial companies are regulated by the Central Bank of Brazil through the Resolution of the National Monetary Council No. 2682 of December 21th 1999 which determines percentage, terms and minimum levels of classification, and which leaves the task of developing risk models for the institutions. Based on the Resolution by Central Bank of Brazil, this study evaluate the adoption of provisioning models used by financial institutions in the receivables’ portfolio from suppliers in a Brazilian retail company, and through an academic work applied to propose a model for allowance for doubtful accounts of this portfolio. The main objective is achieved due to the risk model developed fits better the provision in the losses. This benefit has two effects: first in the profits, as it reduces the expenses with allowances, and second since it smooths impacts of bad debts. / O estudo visa avaliar se o método de provisão para devedores duvidosos (PDD) adotado pelas instituições financeiras é aplicável em empresas varejistas e se há necessidade de adequações para melhorar o uso deste método neste setor. Bancos e demais instituições financeiras têm características singulares na composição de sua carteira de crédito, que obrigam a adoção de procedimentos diferenciados na composição da PDD em relação aos praticados pelos demais setores (comerciais, indústria ou de prestação de serviços), os quais são livres para realizar o provisionamento de perdas. Empresas do setor financeiro são regulamentadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil através da Resolução do Conselho Monetário Nacional de n° 2.682 de 21 de dez de 1999, que determina percentuais, prazos e níveis mínimos de classificação, deixando a cargo das instituições fazerem a classificação de risco de suas operações. Considerando esta norma do Banco Central do Brasil, este trabalho avalia a adoção do modelo de provisionamento utilizado pelas instituições financeiras, na carteira de trade allowances, que são recebíveis de fornecedores com origem em negociações comerciais realizadas entre a empresa varejista e seus fornecedores, utilizados para fomentar a venda de produtos, por exemplo, desconto no preço final, exposição diferenciada, entre outras ações e, através de um trabalho acadêmico aplicado propõe um modelo de avaliação de risco para constituição da PDD desta carteira. O principal objetivo é atingido, pois o modelo de avaliação de risco se mostra satisfatório e o método de provisionamento, seguindo a Resolução 2.682, gerou benefício a medida que melhor se adequou à perda observada. Este benefício tem efeito tanto no resultado, a medida que reduz a despesa com a provisão, como na gestão do capital de giro, pois suaviza impactos de não recebimento.