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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Avaliação do potencial de nematóides entomopatogênicos para o controle da broca-da-bananeira Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824) / Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control of Black Weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar, 1824)

Bortoluzzi, Lilian 30 June 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian_Bortoluzzi.pdf: 601021 bytes, checksum: 32fb8cf95dc69539e950c2ecdd8f63ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The black weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is the main pest of banana crops in several regions of the world, causing significant losses in productivity of the culture. The larvae build galleries in the rhizome or pseudostem base, affecting the development of the plant and the fruits, beside favoring the installation of pathogenic microrganisms. The use of nematodes to control of the pest can be an alternative, mainly because the insect's habits make them a potential target of entomopathogenic nematodes. So, this study had the objectives to evaluate isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes in laboratory conditions to their use in controlling the borer. Sixteen isolates Sterinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae were tested, applied on pseudostem (100JIs/cm2). The evaluation was performed 7 days after application. After, the most virulent isolates were compared with each other for production of nematodes in cadavers of wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and also about his compatibility with the insecticide carbofuran. All isolates were pathogenic to the adults of C. sordidus, except the isolate SC (Steinernema carpocapsae). The most virulent isolates were CB24 and CB40 (both of the Heterorhabditidae), which caused respectively 33,3% and 36,7% of mortality. The two isolates showed high production of JIs. The insecticide was compatible with isolated CB40 and incompatible with CB24, nevertheless, CB24 showed better performance in combination with carbofuran / A broca-da-bananeira (Cosmopolites sordidus) é a principal praga dos cultivos de banana em várias regiões do mundo, acarretando perdas significativas na produtividade da cultura. As larvas constroem galerias no rizoma ou base do pseudocaule, afetando o desenvolvimento da planta e dos frutos, além de favorecer a instalação de microrganismos patogênicos. O uso de nematóides para o controle da praga pode ser uma alternativa, principalmente devido aos hábitos do inseto que os tornam um potencial alvo dos nematóides entomopatogênicos. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar isolados de nematóides entomopatogênicos em condições de laboratório visando sua utilização no controle da broca. Foram testados 16 isolados pertencentes às famílias Sterinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae, aplicados sobre pseudocaule (100JIs/cm2). A avaliação foi realizada 7 dias após a aplicação. Os isolados mais eficientes foram comparados entre si quanto à produção de nematóides em cadáveres da traça dos favos (Galleria mellonella) e também quanto a sua compatibilidade com o inseticida carbofurano. Todos os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Verificou-se que exceto o isolado SC (Steinernema carpocapsae), todos os demais foram patogênicos aos adultos de C. sordidus. Os isolados mais virulentos foram o CB24 e CB40, os quais provocaram respectivamente 33,3% e 36,7% de mortalidade, ambos da família Heterorhabditidae. Os dois isolados apresentaram alta produção de JIs, não diferindo estatisticamente entre si. O inseticida foi compatível com o isolado CB40 e incompatível com CB24, mesmo assim, CB24 apresentou melhor desempenho em associação com carbofurano
162

Estudo de Localiza??o do Arranjo Produtivo Local ? APL da Banana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. / Location Study of the Local Productive Arrangement - Banana APL in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

FUNCKE, Andr? Lu?s 10 August 2009 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-29T12:38:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Andre Luis Funcke.pdf: 595276 bytes, checksum: 17405571e6c2f82fd12fa68e79d67f0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T12:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Andre Luis Funcke.pdf: 595276 bytes, checksum: 17405571e6c2f82fd12fa68e79d67f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / Banana cultivation is now the third largest agricultural product in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with an estimated value of 69.8 million Reais, as well as the second largest planted area and the third largest tonnage harvested. In addition to the volume of production, it is important to note that banana is cultivated by about 2,800 producers throughout the State, mostly with areas from 2 to 5 ha, according to IBGE (2007). From the end of the last decade of the 70's this local culture began to decline, suffering great competition from products from other places in the country where it was adopted to adopt more advanced production procedures, obtaining fruit more lush and cost Lower, mainly due to increased productivity given the use of irrigation. Banana cultivation in the State of Rio de Janeiro lacks actions that can solve problems such as inadequate fruit quality, losses in the field, incorrect management, lack of storage, operational and logistic structure. The current quality of the fruit and the structural deficiencies for the commercialization have been causing the state producers to be disadvantaged in the domestic market, in comparison to producers of other states of the Union, as well as it is preventing the access of these producers to the international market, highly profitable, But highly demanding. The problem addressed in this study concerns the location aspects of banana production in the State of Rio de Janeiro, based on the theory of productive agglomerates. In the final analysis, this study analyzed the formation of banana agglomerates in the State of Rio de Janeiro, through the evaluation of static factors and dynamic factors, addressing not only the question of comparative advantages, but also the advantages Competitive. To do this, it was necessary to identify the main characteristics of these agglomerates, to clearly define their borders and to discuss how this characterization may influence the adoption of territorial development strategies for the State, so that the agglomerates in question abandon a vicious cycle and become Enter into a virtuous cycle of production. As a result, this research work can be used to guide public policies, as well as to guide investment decisions of the private sector, since banana cultivation in the State of Rio de Janeiro has enormous commercial and economic potential that is still small Exploited by local farmers and businessmen. As a conclusion, this study points out that the focus of implementation of the banana APL in the state of Rio de Janeiro should be directed towards the implementation of innovation in the organizational issue, through the creation of new coordination mechanisms that are more efficient, The most favorable for the implementation of this APL is formed by the municipalities of Costa Verde, in particular the municipalities of Itagua?, Mangaratiba, Angra dos Reis and Paraty / A cultura da banana ? hoje o terceiro maior produto agr?cola do estado do Rio de Janeiro, com um valor estimado de 69,8 milh?es de Reais, al?m da segunda maior ?rea plantada e da terceira maior tonelagem colhida. Al?m do volume de produ??o ? importante ressaltar que a banana ? cultivada por cerca de 2.800 produtores em todo Estado, em sua maioria com ?reas de 2 a 5 ha, conforme dados do IBGE (2007). A partir do final da ?ltima d?cada de 70 esta cultura local come?ou a entrar em decl?nio, sofrendo grande competi??o de produtos oriundos de outros locais do pa?s em que se passou a adotar procedimentos de produ??o mais tecnificados, obtendo-se frutos mais vi?osos e a custo mais baixo, principalmente em fun??o de aumento de produtividade dado a utiliza??o da irriga??o. A cultura da banana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro carece de a??es que possam resolver problemas como inadequa??o da qualidade do fruto, perdas no campo, manejo incorreto, falta de estrutura de armazenagem, operacional e log?stica. A atual qualidade do fruto e as defici?ncias estruturais para a comercializa??o v?m fazendo com que os produtores estaduais sejam desfavorecidos no mercado interno, em compara??o a produtores de outros estados da Uni?o, assim como vem impedindo o acesso destes produtores a o mercado internacional, altamente rent?vel, por?m altamente exigente. O problema abordado neste estudo diz respeito aos aspectos de localiza??o da produ??o de bananas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, tomando-se como base a teoria dos aglomerados produtivos. Em ?ltima inst?ncia, foi analisado neste estudo como se d? a forma??o dos aglomerados de produ??o de banana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, atrav?s da avalia??o dos fatores est?ticos e dos fatores din?micos, abordando n?o s? a quest?o das vantagens comparativas, bem como das vantagens competitivas. Para tal, foi necess?rio identificar as principais caracter?sticas destes aglomerados, definir com clareza as suas fronteiras e discutir como esta caracteriza??o pode influenciar na ado??o de estrat?gias de desenvolvimento territorial para o Estado, de forma que os aglomerados em quest?o abandonem um ciclo vicioso e passem a entrar em um ciclo virtuoso de produ??o. Como desdobramento, este trabalho de pesquisa poder? ser utilizado para a orienta??o de pol?ticas p?blicas, bem como para balizar decis?es de investimentos do setor privado, j? que cultura da banana no Estado do Rio de Janeiro tem um enorme potencial comercial e econ?mico que ainda est? pouco explorado pelos agricultores e empres?rios da regi?o. Como conclus?o final este estudo aponta que o foco de implanta??o do APL da banana no estado do Rio de Janeiro deve ser dirigido para a implanta??o de inova??o na quest?o organizacional, atrav?s da cria??o de novos mecanismos de coordena??o que sejam mais eficientes, sendo que a regi?o mais propicia para a implanta??o deste APL ? formada pelos munic?pios da Costa Verde, em particular os munic?pios de Itagua?, Mangaratiba, Angra dos Reis e Paraty
163

Geração de biogás a partir de resíduos das agroindústrias de banana e palmito pupunha / Generation from waste from agribusinesses banana and peach palm

Vidal, Thaís Cristina Morais 21 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoThaisC_M_Vidal.pdf: 1761672 bytes, checksum: 12a7a566e09e7a937be5c142af17092b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Concern about the depletion of traditional fossil fuels and the resulting greenhouse effect caused by the use of these have become increasingly larger, which makes it necessary to search for alternative sources of clean energy generation. This study aims to determine the production of biogas by mixing waste agribusiness banana and palm pupunha, besides the analysis of effluents and subsequent verification of the reduction of the organic load of the raw materials used. Were used in batch digesters, made with PVC and fed different levels of mixtures of biomass, enabling the qualitative and quantitative verification of biogas obtained. Average yields significant biogas, up to 39,29 and 29,60 L and loads that reached up to 73,96 % reduction was found. / A preocupação com o esgotamento das tradicionais fontes de energia fósseis e com o consequente efeito estufa gerado pela utilização dessas têm se tornado cada vez maior, o que torna necessária a busca de fontes alternativas de geração de energia limpa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a produção de biogás através da mistura de resíduos da agroindústria de banana e de palmito pupunha, além da análise dos efluentes e posterior verificação da redução da carga orgânica das matérias-primas utilizadas. Foram utilizados biodigestores do tipo batelada, feitos com PVC e alimentados com diferentes teores de misturas das biomassas, possibilitando a verificação qualitativa e quantitativa do biogás obtido. Foram encontradas médias produções de biogás significativas, de até 39,27 e 29,60 L e reduções de cargas que chegaram a até 73,96 %.
164

Efeito combinado do ultrassom e do pulso de vácuo sobre a cinética de secagem da banana verde (Musa cavendishii). / Combined effects of ultrasound and pulsed-vacuum on unripe banana (Musa Cavendishii) drying kinetics.

La Fuente Arias, Carla Ivonne 10 May 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estudou-se o impacto de dois pré-tratamentos: ultrassom, pulso de vácuo e a combinação de ultrassom seguido de pulso de vácuo, sobre a cinética de secagem da banana verde a (50 e 60) °C. Na secagem a 50 °C constatou-se que, a aplicação de uma única técnica foi mais favorável que a combinação dos pré-tratamentos (20 min de ultrassom, seguido de 60 min de pulso de vácuo), sendo que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com 20 min de ultrassom na potência volumétrica ultrassônica de (9,38 ± 0,60) W/L. Os valores da difusividade efetiva da água, da primeira e segunda fases de taxa decrecente foram de (7,03 ± 0,09 e 3,84 ± 0,09) × 10-9 m2/s para (12,10 ± 0,47 e 6,84 ± 0,28) × 10-9 m2/s, respectivamente, com a aplicação do ultrassom por 20 min. Na secagem a 60 °C, para a primeira fase de taxa decrescente, o pré-tratamento de 25 min de ultrassom resultou mais favorável. Já para a segunda fase de taxa decrescente o pré-tratamento com 25 min de ultrassom e a técnica combinada (25 min de ultrassom, seguido de 60 min de pulso de vácuo) foram os mais eficientes. Desta forma, a hipótese inicial de que micro-canais gerados pelo ultrassom e o gradiente de pressão nos pulsos de vácuo promoveriam maior migração de umidade não foi comprovada. A 60 °C, o aumento dos valores de difusividade efetiva de água, em relação aos ensaios sem prétratamento, foram menores se comparados aos aumentos obtidos nos ensaios a 50 °C. Consequentemente, a 60 °C, o efeito da temperatura prevaleceu, e os efeitos causados pelos pré-tratamentos foram menos evidentes em relação aos ensaios a 50 °C. O modelo de Midilli resultou no melhor modelo para o ajuste dos dados experimentais de secagem com r2>=0,999, RMSE<=0,0119 e ?2<=0,00012. O processo aplicando 20 min de ultrassom na potência volumétrica ultrassônica de (9,38 ± 0,60) W/L e temperatura de secagem de 50 °C diminuiu 30 min o tempo de secagem. A economia do custo de energia sob essas condição iria de (1,12 para 1,05) R$/kg de matéria-prima processada. Embora, uma redução da quantidade de energia necessária para a gelatinização foi observada, devido a aplicação do ultrassom por 20 min e secagem a 50 °C, não foi observada redução significativa do teor de amido resistente, assim, a principal característica da farinha de banana verde, por causa de seu efeito positivo sobre a saúde humana, foi preservada. Constatou-se que, aplicação de 20 min de ultrassom (9,38 ± 0,60) W/L em rodelas imersas em água (hidratadas) ou embaladas a vácuo (não hidratadas) não influenciou significativamente os valores de difusividade efetiva da água, o conteúdo de AR, nem a formação dos micro-canais. Os efeitos do ultrassom foram evidentes independentemente do ganho de água, acontecido devido à imersão das rodelas de banana verde em água. / In this work, the impact of two pre-treatments: ultrasound, pulsed-vacuum and the combination of ultrasound followed by pulsed-vacuum, on the drying kinetics of unripe banana at (50 and 60) ° C were studied. For air-drying at 50 °C, the application of a single technique was more favorable for water migration than the combination of pre-treatments (20 min of ultrasound, followed by 60 min of pulsed-vacuum); the best results were observed with ultrasound for 20 min at ultrasonic volumetric power of (9.38 ± 0.60) W/L. For this condition, the values of effective water diffusivity for the first and second phases of decreasing rate were (7.03 ± 0.09 and 3.84 ± 0.09) × 10-9 m2/s to (12.10 ± 0.47 and 6.84 ± 0.28) × 10-9 m2/s, respectively. At 60 °C, for the first phase of decreasing rate, 25 min of ultrasound resulted more favorable, whereas, for the second phase of decreasing rate, ultrasound for 25 min and the combined technique (25 min ultrasound, followed by 60 min pulsed-vacuum) resulted favorable. Thus, the initial hypothesis that micro-channels from ultrasound pre-treatment and pressure gradient from pulsed-vacuum pre-treatment would help moisture migration was not observed. At 60 °C, the increase of the values of effective water diffusivity were lower than those obtained at 50 °C. Consequently, at 60 °C, the effect of temperature prevailed, and the effects caused by pretreatments were less evident with respect to the assays at 50 °C. The Midilli model was the best model for adjusting the experimental drying data with r2>=0.999, RMSE<= 0.0119 and x2<=0.00012. The process applying 20 min of ultrasound at ultrasonic volumetric power of (9.38 ± 0.60) W/L and air-drying at 50 °C saved 30 min of air-drying time. The economy of energy cost under these conditions would represent a value from (1.12 to 1.05) R$/kg of processed raw material. Although a reduction in the amount of energy required for gelatinization was observed due to the application of ultrasound for 20 min and air-drying temperature at 50 °C, no significant reduction of resistant starch content was observed; thus, the main characteristic of unripe banana flour, because of its positive effect on human health, was preserved. It was verified that the application of 20 min of ultrasound (9.38 ± 0.60) W/L in unripe banana slices, immersed in water (hydrated) or vacuum-packed (non-hydrated), did not influence significantly the values of effective water diffusivity, resistant starch content and the formation of micro-channels. The effects of ultrasound were evident independent of water gain, which occurs due to the immersion of unripe banana slices into water.
165

Atividade e expressão gênica da &#945;-1,4 glicosidase durante o amadurecimento da banana (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão) / Activity and gene expression of &#945;-1,4-glycosidase during maturation of banana (Musa acuminata AAA cv. Nanicão)

Vieira, Denise Perez 07 February 2006 (has links)
Dependendo da cultivar, a banana acumula entre 15 e 22% de amido de reserva, durante o desenvolvimento. Este amido é degradado durante o amadurecimento, com a síntese e acúmulo concomitantes de 12 a 20% de açúcares solúveis. Dentre as várias mudanças que a banana sofre durante o amadurecimento, esta é uma das mais complexas e ainda muito pouco conhecida. Dentre as várias enzimas possivelmente relacionadas à degradação do amido, foi detectada a atividade da &#945;-(1,4) glicosidase em extratos de polpa de banana em amadurecimento. Neste trabalho, estudou-se a atividade da &#945;-(1,4) glicosidase, a clonagem do seu gene e a transcrição do respectivo mRNA da &#945;-(1,4) durante o amadurecimento da banana tratada ou não com 100 ppm de etileno. Ambas as isoformas, neutra e ácida, tiveram perfis de atividade paralela à degradação do amido, compatível com uma possível atuação sobre compostos derivados da degradação do amido. Já que nenhuma das isoformas atua sobre a maltose, parece não tratar-se de uma maltase típica. Além disso, o seqüenciamento de parte do gene da isoforma neutra mostrou alta homologia com glicosidases de outros vegetais, confirmando a sua identidade. Em amostras de banana não tratadas foi observada um aumento no nível de transcrito de &#945;-glicosidase neutra, contudo, com alterações no perfil de atividade. Quando as amostras de banana foram tratadas com 100 ppm de etileno, foi observado um aumento nos níveis de transcrito de &#945;-glicosidase constante durante todo o amadurecimento. / Banana fruit accumulates between 15 and 22% of reserve starch, during development, depending on the cultivar. The starch is degraded during banana ripening, in concomitance with soluble sugars accumulation (12-20%). Among the changes that banana fruit suffers during ripening, this is one of most complex and still very little known. Alpha-(1,4) glucosidase activity was already detected before in banana pulp extracts. Here we report the study of the &#945;-(1,4) glucosidase activity, the clone of its gene and the transcription of respective mRNA of &#945;-(1,4) during the banana (treated or not with 100 ppm of ethylene) ripening. Both isoformas, neutral and acid, had an increase in activity concomitant with starch degradation. Since both forms do not act on maltose, it is possible that they utilize oligossacharides derived from starch degradation as substrate. Moreover, a partial cDNA sequence of neutral isoform, showed high similarity with glucosidases of other vegetables. Bananas samples treated with 100 ppm of ethylene, showed an increase in the constant transcript levels of &#945;-(1,4) glucosidase during all the ripening.
166

Avaliação da qualidade de frutas por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear em baixa resolução / Use of low resolution NMR to measure the fruit quality

Ribeiro, Fayene Zeferino 26 February 2008 (has links)
Avaliou-se o uso da RMN em baixa resolução na análise da qualidade interna de frutas intactas, como banana ouro e uva itália, que são frutas climatéricas, que continuam amadurecendo após a colheita e não-climatéricas, respectivamente. As análises das bananas foram realizadas com a seqüência de pulsos CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meibom-Gill), que gera um sinal dependente do tempo de relaxação transversal (T2). Demonstrou-se que a banana apresenta a água distribuída em três ambientes, vacúolo, citoplasma e parede celular, que tem T2 de 0,5, 0,1 e 0,01s respectivamente. Esses sinais têm intensidade relativa de 0,8; 0,15 e 0,05s respectivamente. Observou-se que o T2 de todos esses componentes aumentam com o amadurecimento de banana. Estudou-se também o efeito de compressão e congelamento nas bananas ouro e observou-se que a intensidade do T2 mais longo decresce em os ambos os casos. As análises das uvas foram realizadas com as seqüências de pulsos CPMG, Inversão-Recuperação (IR), que mede o tempo de relaxação longitudinal (T1) e com a seqüência de pulsos de precessão livre de onda continua (CWFP), que gera um sinal que depende tanto de T1 quanto T2. Como a uva não amadurece após a colheita essas análises foram usados para avaliar a correlação com os parâmetros de qualidade interna como brix, pH, firmeza e umidade. Os dados de RMN das uvas foram analisados com métodos quimiométricos como análises de componentes principais e regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais e demonstraram que tem alta correlação com brix e umidade e pouca ou nenhuma correlação com pH e firmeza. / The internal quality of fresh gold banana and grape was analyzed by Low resolution NMR. The banana analysis had been performed with CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meibom-Gill) pulse sequence, that generates a decaying signal, dependent of the transverse relaxation time (T2). The results show that water in banana are distributed in three environments, vacuole, cytoplasm and cellular wall, with T2 of 0,5, 0.1 and 0,01s respectively. The relative intensity of signals are 0,8; 0,15 and 0,05, respectively. The T2 increases with banana ripeness. The effect of compression and freezing in the bananas was also studied by CPMG. The results show that the intensity of the longest T2 decreases in the both the cases. The grapes had been analyzed with the pulse sequences CPMG, Inversion-Recovery (IR), which measures the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and continuous wave free precession (CWFP), that depends on T1 and T2. As the grape does not ripen after harvesting these analyses had been used to evaluate the correlation with the internal quality parameters such as brix, pH, firmness and moisture. The NMR data had been analyzed with chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLS) and show high correlation with brix and moisture and almost no correlation with pH and firmness.
167

Processo de aglomeração de farinha de banana verde com alto conteúdo de amido resistente em leito fluidizado pulsado. / Aglomeration process of green banana flour with high resistant starch content in pulsed fluidized bed.

Rayo Mendez, Lina Maria 01 March 2013 (has links)
A aglomeração de partículas é um processo muito usado na indústria, que permite melhorar as propriedades de instantaneização de produtos em pó sem alterar suas características nutricionais e sensoriais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o processo de aglomeração de partículas de farinha de banana verde com alto conteúdo de amido resistente, usando um leito fluidizado pulsado avaliando seu efeito sobre as características finais da farinha, para ser usada como ingrediente funcional na melhora do índice glicêmico e níveis de insulina plasmática no sangue. A matéria prima usada foi farinha de banana verde com alto conteúdo de amido resistente e um leito fluidizado, constituído com um sistema de pulsação proporcionado por uma válvula de esfera, trabalhando à frequência de 600 rpm. Solução de alginato de sódio (5 g/100 g, a 35°C) foi usada como agente ligante na atomização a uma vazão de 3,0 mL/min. As condições de processamento como temperatura, pressão, vazão de ar, e tempo total de processo, foram mantidas em 95°C, 1,0 bar, 0,3 m/s, 50 min., para amostras de 400 g. Resultados após o processo de aglomeração indicam que houve uma diminuição do teor de umidade, aumento do diâmetro médio das partículas e do índice de fluidez, assim como elevada porosidade da partícula com forma irregular, características decorrentes de um produto aglomerado. A farinha aglomerada apresentou conteúdo de amido resistente de 53,95 ± 0,22 % em comparação a 57,49 ± 0,43 % na matéria prima. Pode-se concluir que o processo de aglomeração não alterou as propriedades funcionais da farinha de banana verde mantendo os níveis do AR, resultando na melhora das propriedades de instantaneização das partículas e dispersão em água. / The powder agglomeration process is widely used in food industry, due to increases the instant properties, rapidly dissolving in liquids without altering their nutritional and sensory characteristics. The aim of this study was to assess the particle agglomeration process of the green banana four (GBF) with high resistant starch (RS) content, using a pulsed fluidized bed and evaluating its effect on the final characteristics of flour, to be used as a functional ingredient in improving glycemic and plasma insulin levels in the blood. It was used samples of 400 g of GBF and a fluidized bed constituted with a pulsation system provided by a sphere valve, working at frequency of 600 rpm. Solution of sodium alginate (5 g/100 g, 35°C) was used as the binder in the spray at a rate of (3.0 mL/min). The processing conditions such as temperature, pressure, air flow and total process time were maintained at 95°C, 1.0 bar, 0,3 m/s and 50 min. As results, they were seen a reduction of moisture content, an increase of average particle diameter, high flowability and porosity with irregular shape, typical characteristics from an agglomerated product. The agglomerated flour has RS content of 53.95 ± 0.22 % in comparison to 57.49 ± 0.43 % to the original content. In conclusion, the agglomeration process did not affect the functional properties of green banana flour, maintaining levels of resistant starch, and results in an improvement in the instant properties of the particles and dispersibility in water.
168

Development of a Rep-inducible, BBTV-based expression system in banana

Bolton, Clair Louise January 2009 (has links)
Banana bunchy top is regarded as the most important viral disease of banana, causing significant yield losses worldwide. The disease is caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), which is a circular ssDNA virus belonging to the genus Babuvirus in the family Nanoviridae. There are currently few effective control strategies for this and other ssDNA viruses. “In Plant Activation” (InPAct) is a novel technology being developed at QUT for ssDNA virus-activated suicide gene expression. The technology exploits the rolling circle replication mechanism of ssDNA viruses and is based on a unique “split” gene design such that suicide gene expression is only activated in the presence of the viral Rep. This PhD project aimed to develop a BBTV-based InPAct system as a suicide gene strategy to control BBTV. The BBTV-based InPAct vector design requires a BBTV intergenic region (IR) to be embedded within an intron in the gene expression cassette. To ensure that the BBTV IR would not interfere with intron splicing, a TEST vector was initially generated that contained the entire BBTV IR embedded within an intron in a β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression vector. Transient GUS assays in banana embryogenic cell suspensions indicated that cryptic intron splice sites were present within the IR. Transcript analysis revealed two cryptic intron splice sites in the Domain III sequence of the CR-M within the IR. Removal of the CR-M from the TEST vector resulted in an enhancement of GUS expression suggesting that the cryptic intron splice sites had been removed. An InPAct GUS vector was subsequently generated that contained the modified BBTV IR, with the CR-M (minus Domain III) repositioned within the InPAct cassette. Using transient histochemical and fluorometric GUS assays in banana embryogenic cells, the InPAct GUS vector was shown to be activated in the presence of the BBTV Rep. However, the presence of both BBTV Rep and Clink was shown to have a deleterious effect on GUS expression suggesting that these proteins were cytotoxic at the levels expressed. Analysis of replication of the InPAct vectors by Southern hybridisation revealed low levels of InPAct cassette-based episomal DNA released from the vector through the nicking/ligation activity of BBTV Rep. However, Rep-mediated episomal replicons, indicative of rolling circle replication of the released circularised cassettes, were not observed. The inability of the InPAct cassette to be replicated was further investigated. To examine whether the absence of Domain III of the CR-M was responsible, a suite of modified BBTV-based InPAct GUS vectors was constructed that contained the CR-M with the inclusion of Domain III, the CR-M with the inclusion of Domain III and additional upstream IR sequence, or no CR-M. Analysis of replication by Southern hybridisation revealed that neither the presence of Domain III, nor the entire CR-M, had an effect on replication levels. Since the InPAct cassette was significantly larger than the native BBTV genomic components (approximately 1 kb), the effect of InPAct cassette size on replication was also investigated. A suite of size variant BBTV-based vectors was constructed that increased the size of a replication competent cassette to 1.1 kbp through to 2.1 kbp.. Analysis of replication by Southern hybridisation revealed that an increase in vector size above approximately 1.5 - 1.7 kbp resulted in a decrease in replication. Following the demonstration of Rep-mediated release, circularisation and expression from the InPAct GUS vector, an InPAct vector was generated in which the uidA reporter gene was replaced with the ribonuclease-encoding suicide gene, barnase. Initially, a TEST vector was generated to assess the cytotoxicity of Barnase on banana cells. Although transient assays revealed a Barnase-induced cytotoxic effect in banana cells, the expression levels were sub-optimal. An InPAct BARNASE vector was generated and tested for BBTV Rep-activated Barnase expression using transient assays in banana embryogenic cells. High levels of background expression from the InPAct BARNASE vector made it difficult to accurately assess Rep-activated Barnase expression. Analysis of replication by Southern hybridisation revealed low levels of InPAct cassette-based episomal DNA released from the vector but no Rep-mediated episomal replicons indicative of rolling circle replication of the released circularised cassettes were again observed. Despite the inability of the InPAct vectors to replicate to enable high level gene expression, the InPAct BARNASE vector was assessed in planta for BBTV Rep-mediated activation of Barnase expression. Eleven lines of transgenic InPAct BARNASE banana plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and were challenged with viruliferous Pentalonia nigronervosa. At least one clonal plant in each line developed bunchy top symptoms and infection was confirmed by PCR. No localised lesions were observed on any plants, nor was there any localised GUS expression in the one InPAct GUS line challenged with viruliferous aphids. The results presented in this thesis are the first study towards the development of a BBTV-based InPAct system as a Rep-activatable suicide gene expression system to control BBTV. Although further optimisation of the vectors is necessary, the preliminary results suggest that this approach has the potential to be an effective control strategy for BBTV. The use of iterons within the InPAct vectors that are recognised by Reps from different ssDNA plant viruses may provide a broad-spectrum resistance strategy against multiple ssDNA plant viruses. Further, this technology holds great promise as a platform technology for the molecular farming of high-value proteins in vitro or in vivo through expression of the ssDNA virus Rep protein.
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Banana supply chains in Indonesia and Australia : a bargaining theory approach /

Singgih, Shinta Milasari. January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.
170

Avaliação do processo de obtenção de farinha da casca de banana (Musa sapientum) das variedades Prata, Pacovan e Maçã / Process evaluation to produce banana (Musa sapientum) flour from peels of fresh fruit varieties Prata, Pacovan and Apple.

Pessoa, Thayze Rodrigues Bezerra 30 September 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1540714 bytes, checksum: 6bdb44997d3913ccd4bc5f3c99084999 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to study the drying process of banana (Musa sapientum) peels (varieties Prata, Pacovan and Apple). The convective drying was performed at various air temperatures (40°C to 60°C) and at an average air speed of 1.0 m/s. It was used a fixed bed dryer with upward flow of air. The tests were conducted until the sample reached equilibrium between its own moisture and the drying air humidity. The drying kinetics was evaluated by the Fick, empirical two parameters exponential and Page semi-empirical models. From these models were found the water diffusivities. They were in the order of 10-10m/s². Overall diffusivities increased with drying air temperature. The highest drying rates were obtained for the banana peels from varieties Apple, Prata and Pacovan, respectively. Final product quality was evaluated through the following analysis: enzymatic activity, minerals and water activity. The best drying condition, which generated a final product with better quality, was at 60°C of air temperature for the three varieties. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o processo de secagem das cascas de banana Prata, Pacovan e Maçã (Musa sapientum) in natura. A secagem convectiva foi realizada a várias temperaturas (40°C a 60°C) do ar de secagem com velocidade média (1,0 m/s) do ar. Para tal, foi utilizado secador de leito fixo com fluxo ascendente de ar. Os ensaios foram conduzidos até que as amostras alcançassem o equilíbrio na sua própria umidade e a umidade do ar de secagem. A cinética de secagem foi avaliada através dos Modelos Difusional, empírico exponencial de dois parâmetros e semi-empírico de Page, através desses modelos foram encontradas difusividades da ordem de 10-10 m/s². De maneira geral a difusividade aumentou com o tempo. As maiores taxas de secagem foram obtidas para a casca de banana Maçã, Prata e Pacovan respectivamente. A qualidade obtida do produto foi avaliada através das seguintes análises: atividade enzimática, minerais e atividade de água A condição de temperatura de secagem que gerou um produto final com melhor qualidade foi a de 60°C para as três variedades.

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