Varicose veins is a condition, which affects numerous people. The condition is mostly not harmful but aesthetically unappreciated. Therefore many people choose to have them surgically removed. After the surgery is completed, the leg is bandaged, this for creating an ideal healing environment, without any complications occurring. It is important that a uniform pressure is distributed evenly along the bandaged leg, because high or low pressure can cause complications which prolongs healing. During the bandaging it is difficult to achieve an even pressure since the pressure varies due to the shape of the leg and who is bandaging the leg. PressCise has developed a compression bandage with a guide along the bandage, so that each bandaging will give the same pressure upon the leg. The bandage is designed after a specific mathematical formula that is derived from the law of Laplace. This means that no matter how thick or thin the leg is at different points, the pressure will distribute itself evenly over the entire bandaged leg. PressCise aims to obtain a CE-mark for the product before a launch. An analysis of demands and a wide test study therefor needs to be carried out. Demands and requirements for the product from different laws and regulations have been observed in order to determine which tests are necessary to execute. At this stage PressCise also needs to evaluate different parameters. To begin with, they need to see how the bandage behaves in different types of treatments, and secondly they need to evaluate the properties in order to give the correct information concerning usage and durability advices. In this report, a survey of the competitors was conducted in order to estimate which standards and tests the competitors are marketing their products with. An examination of the requirements of the product from the PressCise, CE marking and laws will be study, to see which demands and regulations lies upon the bandage. In this report a minor test study will be executed, where the product will go through a washing test, an abrasion test and a hysteresis test. The report will conclude with a requirement specification for the current product and its launching. / Program: Textilingenjörsutbildningen

A busca por um dispositivo terapêutico que possa ser aplicado em feridas e lesões da mucosa oral é um desafio para a Odontologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma bandagem bucal com capacidade de liberação de fármacos e avaliar in vitro sua eficiência antimicrobiana sobre os microrganismos Streptococcus mutans e Candida albicans. A bandagem foi feita a partir de quitosana, que é um biopolímero com características específicas. Este biopolímero é biocompatível, biodisponível, biodegradável, tem ação antimicrobiana, pode ser indicado para uso em vários segmentos da área da saúde e possui baixo custo. A bandagem possibilitou a incorporação de um fármaco antimicrobiano e neste caso foi incorporada a clorexidina, eficaz no tratamento de lesões ulceradas, traumatismos e feridas cirúrgicas, amplamente utilizado em odontologia. Sendo assim, foram desenvolvidas cinco tipos de bandagens: bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 0,2%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 0,6%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 1,0%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 2,0% e quitosana a 5%, sem adição de clorexidina. Obtidas as amostras, foi testada a ação antimicrobiana das bandagens frente aos microrganismos C.albicans e S.mutans através de antibiograma. Para efeito comparativo, foram testados géis nas seguintes formulações: gel de quitosana; gel de quitosana e clorexidina 0,2% e 2,0% e gel de clorexidina 0,2% e 2,0% sobre os mesmos tipos de microrganismos. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, onde se observou que as bandagens que continham quitosana pura não inibiram o crescimento de microrganismos e, as bandagens com clorexidina a 2,0% formaram os maiores halos de inibição para C.albicans e S.mutans (16,6mm e 25,0mm respectivamente). Dentre os géis testados, o gel de clorexidina 2,0% teve melhor resultado para ambos os microrganismos e o gel de quitosana pura, assim como a bandagem de igual composição também não foram eficientes. Conclui-se que a bandagem possui eficácia na inibição do crescimento dos microrganismos Candida albicans e Streptococcus mutans. Sugerimos que mais estudos ainda são necessários para o aprimoramento deste dispositivo inovador. / The search for a therapeutic device that can be applied to wounds and oral lesions is a challenge for dentistry. The purpose of this study was to develop a bandage capable of release drugs and evaluate in vitro yours antimicrobial efficiency on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The bandage was made of chitosan, whichs a biopolymer with specific characteristics. This biopolymer are biocompatible, biodegradable, bio-obtainable, antimicrobiotic, can be indicated for use in several segments of healthcare and have low cost. The bandage allowed the incorporation of antimicrobial drugs and in this case was incorporated chlorhexidine, effective on treatment of ulcerated lesions, trauma and surgical wounds, widely used in dentistry. Thus, were developed five types of bandages with the following concentrations of chlorhexidine: chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 0,2%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 0,6%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 1,0%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 2,0% and chitosan 5%, without addition of chlorhexidine. With obtained samples, the antimicrobial action of the bandages were tested against C.albicans and S.mutans microorganisms through sensitivity. For comparison, we tested gels with these formulations: chitosan gel, chitosan gel and chlorhexidine 0.2% and 2.0% and chlorhexidine 0.2% and 2.0% over the same kind of microorganisms. The obtained results were analyzed statistically, where were observed that the pure chitosan bandages didnt inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and the bandage with 2.0% chlorhexidine formed the largest halo of inhibition for C.albicans and S.mutans (16.6 mm and 25.0 mm respectively). Among the tested gels, 2.0% chlorhexidine gel showed better results for both microorganisms and the pure chitosan gel, as well as the bandage with the same composition was also not effective. We conclude that the oral bandage has efficacy in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms C.albicans and S.mutans. More studies are still needed for improving this innovative device.

The compression therapy is often being underestimated not only by medical staff and doctors, but also by patients. Therefore, it is often perceived as a simple task frequently handed over to hospital attendants. At the nursing schools the time devoted to the issue of compression therapy is minimal. That is probably why there are nurses with a very limited information at their disposal regarding this issue. The compression therapy is nevertheless an essential part of prevention and treatment of the venous and lymphatic diseases. When the compressive bandaging is carried out efficiently, it can improve the quality of life of a patient with a venous or lymphatic disease. Moreover, it can help in preventing thromboembolic diseases during surgical interventions. However, in order for the compressive bandage to be effective, several conditions must be met. First, it has to be carried out by a properly trained medical staff. Second, it is highly important that the patient undergoes a thorough education concerning compressive bandaging, so that he or she is able to keep the bandage effective when released home. Based on evidence, the aim of this thesis is to find out how effective is the practice of compressive bandaging within nursing care. The thesis consists of two parts. The first is theoretical and it contains the findings of various researches and publications related to the issue of venous diseases, aplication of the compressive bandage, differences between elastic stockings and elastic roller bandage and the findings concerning the education of a patient. The second part is practical. It consists of a quantitative research with a participation of 192 respondents who work as nurses in medical facilities and who are therefore closest to the patient undergoing compressive therapy. The thesis is interested in the amount of knowledge nurses have in relation to the compressive bandage, in the way they apply the bandage and in the process of the education of the patient. The research shows that the choice of a type of a compressive therapy is conditioned by the supply of the ward. Furthermore, the research reveals that there is no connection between the length of the professional experience of a nurse and her or his method of applying the compressive bandage. The recommendation for practice is an educational seminar for nurses aimed at completing their theoretical knowledge. This would also serve as an opportunity to practice not only the application of the bandage, but also the use of a measuring instrument Picopress.

O efeito de fármacos pode ser potencializado através do desenvolvimento de novos sistemas de liberação como os sistemas mucoadesivos. Estes sistemas permanecem em contato íntimo com o tecido de absorção, às mucosas, liberando o fármaco no local de ação, com o consequente aumento da biodisponibilidade, podendo promover efeitos locais e sistêmicos. Através do desenvolvimento da bandagem bucal antimicrobiana e testadas sua eficiência sobre a cultura de algumas bactérias bucais (S. mutans e C. albicans) se fez necessário continuar os estudos desse material. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as propriedades bioquímicas e funcionais da bandagem bucal antimicrobiana no que tange a: degradação no meio salivar; adequação da composição para a melhoria da aderência à mucosa bucal; desempenho quanto à liberação controlada de fármacos; absorção de água, perda de massa; medida do pH do líquido residual em diferentes períodos de tempo; citotoxicidade da bandagem em cultura de fibroblastos. As bandagens avaliadas tinham diferentes composições quitosana, quitosana com glicerol, quitosana e alginato com/sem glicerol, e todas com/sem fármaco. Através das análises realizadas foi possível observar que as bandagens que absorveram mais água em tampão foi a membrana híbrida (203%) e em saliva foi a híbrida com glicerol (30%). A membrana que perdeu mais massa em tampão e em saliva foi a híbrida com glicerol (40% e 30%), isso quer dizer que elas se decompõe e liberam suas propriedades no meio. A liberação controlada do fármaco pode avaliar que a membrana híbrida liberou de forma crescente o fármaco (0,075%), facilitando sua liberação. No teste de citotoxicidade todas as bandagens com fármaco foram citotóxicas, já as bandagens de quitosana e quitosana com glicerol promoveram o crescimento celular. / The effect of drugs may be enhanced through the development of new delivery systems as mucoadhesive systems. These systems remain in intimate contact with the tissue absorption, in this case the mucosa, releasing the drug at the site of action, with the consequent increase in bioavailability and may promote local and systemic effects. Mucoadhesion is currently explained by six theories: electronics, adsorption, wetting, diffusion, fracture and mechanics (Carvalho et al., 2010). In 2011, Kloster et al. developed an oral bandage and tested antimicrobial efficiency in the culture of some oral bacteria (S. mutans e C. albicans), the results were promising. The aim of this study was to analyze the biochemical and functional properties of oral antimicrobial bandage with respect to: the salivary environment degradation; the composition adjustment for improving the adherence to the buccal mucous membrane; the performance as to the controlled releasing of drugs; water absorption while analyzing the mass loss; pH measurements of the residual liquid in different periods of time; the plaster cytotoxicity in cell and fibroblast culture. Through the analyzes it was observed that the bandages absorb water and lose mass, it means that they decompose and release their property in the middle. The bandages with drug in viability analysis were cytotoxic cell and different concentrations of drug should be study.

A busca por um dispositivo terapêutico que possa ser aplicado em feridas e lesões da mucosa oral é um desafio para a Odontologia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma bandagem bucal com capacidade de liberação de fármacos e avaliar in vitro sua eficiência antimicrobiana sobre os microrganismos Streptococcus mutans e Candida albicans. A bandagem foi feita a partir de quitosana, que é um biopolímero com características específicas. Este biopolímero é biocompatível, biodisponível, biodegradável, tem ação antimicrobiana, pode ser indicado para uso em vários segmentos da área da saúde e possui baixo custo. A bandagem possibilitou a incorporação de um fármaco antimicrobiano e neste caso foi incorporada a clorexidina, eficaz no tratamento de lesões ulceradas, traumatismos e feridas cirúrgicas, amplamente utilizado em odontologia. Sendo assim, foram desenvolvidas cinco tipos de bandagens: bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 0,2%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 0,6%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 1,0%; bandagem de quitosana a 5% + clorexidina a 2,0% e quitosana a 5%, sem adição de clorexidina. Obtidas as amostras, foi testada a ação antimicrobiana das bandagens frente aos microrganismos C.albicans e S.mutans através de antibiograma. Para efeito comparativo, foram testados géis nas seguintes formulações: gel de quitosana; gel de quitosana e clorexidina 0,2% e 2,0% e gel de clorexidina 0,2% e 2,0% sobre os mesmos tipos de microrganismos. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística, onde se observou que as bandagens que continham quitosana pura não inibiram o crescimento de microrganismos e, as bandagens com clorexidina a 2,0% formaram os maiores halos de inibição para C.albicans e S.mutans (16,6mm e 25,0mm respectivamente). Dentre os géis testados, o gel de clorexidina 2,0% teve melhor resultado para ambos os microrganismos e o gel de quitosana pura, assim como a bandagem de igual composição também não foram eficientes. Conclui-se que a bandagem possui eficácia na inibição do crescimento dos microrganismos Candida albicans e Streptococcus mutans. Sugerimos que mais estudos ainda são necessários para o aprimoramento deste dispositivo inovador. / The search for a therapeutic device that can be applied to wounds and oral lesions is a challenge for dentistry. The purpose of this study was to develop a bandage capable of release drugs and evaluate in vitro yours antimicrobial efficiency on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. The bandage was made of chitosan, whichs a biopolymer with specific characteristics. This biopolymer are biocompatible, biodegradable, bio-obtainable, antimicrobiotic, can be indicated for use in several segments of healthcare and have low cost. The bandage allowed the incorporation of antimicrobial drugs and in this case was incorporated chlorhexidine, effective on treatment of ulcerated lesions, trauma and surgical wounds, widely used in dentistry. Thus, were developed five types of bandages with the following concentrations of chlorhexidine: chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 0,2%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 0,6%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 1,0%; chitosan bandage 5% + chlorhexidine 2,0% and chitosan 5%, without addition of chlorhexidine. With obtained samples, the antimicrobial action of the bandages were tested against C.albicans and S.mutans microorganisms through sensitivity. For comparison, we tested gels with these formulations: chitosan gel, chitosan gel and chlorhexidine 0.2% and 2.0% and chlorhexidine 0.2% and 2.0% over the same kind of microorganisms. The obtained results were analyzed statistically, where were observed that the pure chitosan bandages didnt inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and the bandage with 2.0% chlorhexidine formed the largest halo of inhibition for C.albicans and S.mutans (16.6 mm and 25.0 mm respectively). Among the tested gels, 2.0% chlorhexidine gel showed better results for both microorganisms and the pure chitosan gel, as well as the bandage with the same composition was also not effective. We conclude that the oral bandage has efficacy in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms C.albicans and S.mutans. More studies are still needed for improving this innovative device.

Author of this dissertation presentation discuss in the begining definition and historical consequences of origin and consecutive evolution of the method of percutaneous electrogastrography. Intimately is described physiology, anatomy, embryology and function of gastrointestinal tract with special interest on construction and function of the stomach. Next to this author analyses current knowledge about location and function of the gastric pace setter. The technique of used perctutaneous electrogastrography equipmentt is described. In the second part results of original studies monitoring restoration of peristalsis in perioperative period at patients after open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic non-adjustable gastric banding are discussed. Furthermore results of EGG measurement of patients with mechanic, vascular and paralytic intestinal obstruction are presented in correlation with plasma levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Key words: Percutanous electrogastrography, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic gastric bandage, inflammatory mediators, intestinal obstruction.

Author of this dissertation presentation discuss in the begining definition and historical consequences of origin and consecutive evolution of the method of percutaneous electrogastrography. Intimately is described physiology, anatomy, embryology and function of gastrointestinal tract with special interest on construction and function of the stomach. Next to this author analyses current knowledge about location and function of the gastric pace setter. The technique of used perctutaneous electrogastrography equipmentt is described. In the second part results of original studies monitoring restoration of peristalsis in perioperative period at patients after open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic non-adjustable gastric banding are discussed. Furthermore results of EGG measurement of patients with mechanic, vascular and paralytic intestinal obstruction are presented in correlation with plasma levels of interleukin 1β, interleukin-6, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein. Key words: Percutanous electrogastrography, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic gastric bandage, inflammatory mediators, intestinal obstruction.

The graduation thesis is focused on Lymphedema patientś problems. It addresses how the patient values his or her own health state. The differences between a patientś health state before therapy and after finishing its reduction phase have been compared. The following aspect have been valued: limited movement, pain and mental stress. All of them were improved after the reduction phase. Thus Hypothesis 1 has been confirmed: "At the end of the Reduction Phase of Lymphedema therapy the overal health state of the patient is improved." Out of above meditioned three aspect, the mental stress improved at a lowest rate. Differences between patients with and without good social background were demonstrated. Patients with bad social background valued mental stress caused by Lymphedema before and after the therapy as significantly higher then patients with good social background. Thus Hypothesis 2 was also confirmed: "Patients with good social background cope with their disease in a better way." In order to test the hypotheses the quantitative research was done. The technique was standardised integration.

No description available.

The steel bandage is an economical and effective widely used method for strengthening RC columns. Diploma thesis reviews most common design proposals for the types of the bandage with directly loaded and not directly loaded steel angles. This work also includes a comparison of the different constitutive laws for confined concrete. In order to simulate real behaviour of strengthened structure the numerical analysis has been carried out using non-linear software ATENA. According to the European standards and adopted hypotheses the simplified analytical model has been derived to be able to calculate load-bearing capacity of a strengthened column under normal force and bending moment. The proposed model considers the contribution in confinement pressure caused by steel bandage and the contribution of directly loaded angles. In addition, the direct application on real frame structure has been performed.