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Submitted by Rafael Innocenti Vieira da Silva null (rivs83@ibb.unesp.br) on 2016-05-02T14:50:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Rafael I V da Silva.pdf: 3134322 bytes, checksum: bde81f0826ba0df023c61849b0d46861 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-04T14:06:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_riv_dr_bot.pdf: 3134322 bytes, checksum: bde81f0826ba0df023c61849b0d46861 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T14:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_riv_dr_bot.pdf: 3134322 bytes, checksum: bde81f0826ba0df023c61849b0d46861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo preparar a cerâmica de BaZr0,1Ce0,7Y0,1Yb0,1O3-δ considerando a aplicação como eletrólito de Células a Combustível de Cerâmicas Protônicas (PCFCs). A cerâmica foi preparada pelo Método do EDTA-Citrato e avaliou-se a influência do pH na estrutura, após a calcinação. Avaliou-se também sua influência na densificação, condutividade elétrica e estabilidade química em atmosfera de CO2. Os resultados de caracterização físico-química do material em pó indicaram a formação da fase perovskita sob sistema monoclínico em temperaturas de 700ºC-1000ºC, mas que contem resíduos de carbonatos, independente da faixa de pH da síntese. Em temperaturas de calcinação de maiores que 1200ºC/3h, os materiais sintetizados em 5≤pH≤6 mantiveram sob estrutura cristalina perovskita do sistema monoclínico (menos simétrico), porém, os materiais sintetizados em 8≤pH≤9 organizaram-se sob estrutura cristalina perovskita no sistema ortorrômbico (mais simétrico). Para ambas as faixas de pH de síntese, resíduos de carbonatos estáveis foram encontrados até uma temperatura de 1200ºC. Os materiais obtidos em ambas as faixas de pH apresentaram alto grau de densificação (densidades relativas >97%), requerendo temperaturas de 1450oC. Os resultados de espectroscopia de impedância elétrica na faixa de 400ºC-600ºC mostraram que o material sintetizado em 8≤pH≤9 apresentou altos valores de condutividade protônica (0,601-4,17 mS/cm) em atmosfera de 20%O2/N2 e 20%H2/N2 umidificadas. Os resultados de estabilidade térmica em atmosfera de 10% em mol de CO2 mostraram que o material possui adequada estabilidade química em temperaturas de 500ºC, podendo ser utilizado como eletrólito de PCFC sob esta condição. / This work aimed to prepare the BaZr0,1Ce0,7Y0,1Yb0,1O3-δ ceramic for the application as electrolyte of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cell (PCFCs). The ceramic was synthesized by EDTA-Citrate Method and the pH influence (5≤pH≤6 and 8≤pH≤9) was evaluated. After, densification, electrical conductivity and chemical stability (in CO2 10mol% atmosphere) were studied. Concerning to physicochemical characterization results of powder, it was observed the formation of perovskite phase with monoclinic system when treated at 700ºC-1000ºC and it was observed the presence of stable carbonates up to 1200ºC/3h for both pH synthesis conditions. At 1200ºC/3h, the materials synthesized at 5≤pH≤6 range maintained under perovskite monoclinic system (less symmetrical). On the other hand, the materials synthesized at 8≤pH≤9 range structured under perovskite orthorhombic system (more symmetrical). After the densification process at 1450ºC/3h the materials maintained the previous crystalline structures. The materials showed high level of the densification (relatives densities >97%) for the both pH range. The electric impedance spectroscopy analysis of the materials synthesized at 8≤pH≤9 range showed high protonic conductivity (0,601-4,17 mS/cm) at humidified atmosphere of 20%O2/N2 and 20%H2/N2, at 400ºC-600ºC range. The chemical stability results (in CO2 10mol% atmosphere) showed that the material has adequate chemical stability in temperatures of 400-500ºC and that it can be used as PCFCs electrolyte in this temperature range. / CNPq: 141413/2015-8

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-06-05T20:20:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseELP.pdf: 16549429 bytes, checksum: 8564c0e7a4dbc3f95cb21b3270edf754 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-06T18:43:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseELP.pdf: 16549429 bytes, checksum: 8564c0e7a4dbc3f95cb21b3270edf754 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-06T18:44:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseELP.pdf: 16549429 bytes, checksum: 8564c0e7a4dbc3f95cb21b3270edf754 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T19:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseELP.pdf: 16549429 bytes, checksum: 8564c0e7a4dbc3f95cb21b3270edf754 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The study of solid electrolytes (SE) is important to the scientific and technological development of materials used in application related to clean energy generation, such as Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Yttrium-doped Barium Cerate is a SE with perovskite structure and great potential for this application because of its high values of protonic conductivity in temperatures between 350 and 600°C, which would allow the replacement of the currently used Zirconia based SE that operate above 800 °C, reducing the manufacturing cost of SOFCs. In the present work, eighteen compositions of BaCe1-xYxO3-δ system with x ranging from 0 to 0.2 were synthesized via modified citrate process and for half of the compositions an addition of 1 wt% ZnO as sintering aid was made. With the goal of establishing a correlation between structure, microstructure and electrical conductivity with the yttrium concentration and in the presence or absence of the sintering aid, all compositions were characterized with X-ray Powder Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Impedance Spectroscopy. Secondary phases were characterized using TEM, EDS and Electron Diffraction. All samples presented relative bulk density values above 95%. The bulk electrical conductivity is proportional to the yttrium concentration in the grain and, in general, the ZnO addition promoted grain growth, increasing its average size up to five times in some compositions. The ZnO acts mainly at the grain boundary region and it is effective as sintering aid only when the composition has some yttrium content. Among all synthesized compositions, BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-δ without ZnO addition showed the highest electrical conductivity value at 600°C (≈ 31.5 mS/cm). In the group of samples with ZnO, the highest values (close to 18.4 mS/cm), were obtained for compositions with Yttrium content above 14 at.%. / O estudo de eletrólitos sólidos (ES) é importante para o desenvolvimento científico e técnológico de materiais para aplicações relacionadas à geração de energia limpa, como por exemplo, células a combustível de óxido sólido (CaCOS). O cerato de bário dopado com ítrio é um ES com estrutura perovskita com grande potencial de aplicação por apresentar valores altos de condutividade protônica em temperatura entre 350 e 600 °C, o que possibilitaria substituir os atuais ES à base de Zircônia que operam acima de 800 °C, reduzindo o custo de fabricação das CaCOS. Neste trabalho, dezoito composições do sistema BaCe1-xYxO3-δ com x variando entre 0 e 0,2 foram sintetizadas via processo citrato modificado e para metade das composições, uma adição de 1% em massa de ZnO como aditivo de sinterização foi feita. Visando estabelecer uma correlação entre estrutura, microestrura e condutividade elétrica com a concentração de ítrio e a presença ou não de aditivo de sinterização, todas as composições foram caracterizadas por meio de difração de raios X, espectroscopia Raman, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão (MET), espectroscopia de raios X por dispersão em energia (EDS) e espectroscopia de impedância. Fases secundárias foram caracterizadas por MET, EDS e difração de elétrons. Todas as composições apresentaram valores de densidade relativa acima de 95%. A condutividade elétrica do grão é proporcional a concentração de ítrio na matriz e, no geral, a adição de ZnO favoreceu o crescimento de grão, aumentando o seu tamanho médio em até cinco vezes. O ZnO atua principalmente na região de contorno de grão e é eficiente como aditivo apenas na presença ítrio. Dentre as composições sintetizadas, a BaCe0,8Y0,2O3-δ sem ZnO apresentou o maior valor de condutividade a 600°C (≈ 31,5 mS/cm). No grupo das amostras com ZnO, os valores mais altos, próximos a 18,4 mS/cm, foram obtidos para composições com teor de Y acima de 14% at. / CNPq: 207073/2014-7 / CNPq: 160534/2012-7

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-08-29T11:07:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anivaldo Ferreira de Rezende - 2018.pdf: 2439249 bytes, checksum: 8832fb5b5eacb78452f2010aa69f4789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-08-29T14:15:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anivaldo Ferreira de Rezende - 2018.pdf: 2439249 bytes, checksum: 8832fb5b5eacb78452f2010aa69f4789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T14:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Anivaldo Ferreira de Rezende - 2018.pdf: 2439249 bytes, checksum: 8832fb5b5eacb78452f2010aa69f4789 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The proton conductors have wide applications, such as in solid oxide fuel cells, hydrogen separation membranes, hydrogen bombs, among others. These technologies are intended to generating clean and sustainable energy. Among the materials with this property is the BaCeO3 barium cerate, which presents low thermal activation energy for proton conductivity in intermediate working temperature. However, due to its highly basic character, when in operation in atmospheres with acid gases, such as CO2, SO2 and H2O this presents a certain chemical instability. It is known in the literature that doping of BaCeO3 improves this instability. In this work, pure BCO and yttrium doped cerium (BaCe1-xYxO3- δ / BCYO) was synthesized by the polymer precursor method. The powders obtained in the syntheses will be characterized by XRD and a mean crystallite size of 23 nm was obtained which indicates the nanometric particle size. The pellets conformed and sintered at 1600 ºC with a 4-hour plateau at a rate of 5 °C / min were then subjected to impedance spectroscopy tests and showed where it was verified that doping with the 15% yttrium content presented the best result with similar conductivity and activation energy lower than the pure sample. / Os condutores protônicos apresentam amplas aplicações, tais como em células a combustíveis de óxido sólido, membranas de separação de hidrogênio, bombas de hidrogênio, entre outras. Estas aplicações tecnológicas estão voltadas a geração de energia limpa e sustentável. Dentre os materiais com essa propriedade encontra-se o cerato de bário BaCeO3, com baixa energia de ativação térmica para condutividade protônica em temperatura intermediária de trabalho. Porém, em função do seu caráter altamente básico, quando em operação em atmosferas com gases ácidos, tais como CO2, SO2 e H2O este apresenta uma certa instabilidade química. Da literatura tem-se que a dopagem do BaCeO3 o torna mais estável quimicamente. Neste trabalho, o cerato de bário puro BCO foi sintetizado pelo método dos precursores poliméricos e dopado com ítria (BaCe1-xYxO3- δ/ BCYO). Os pós obtidos nas sínteses foram caracterizados por DRX e obteve-se um tamanho médio de cristalito de 23 nm que indica tamanho nanométrico das partículas. As pastilhas conformadas e sinterizadas a 1600 ºC com patamar de 4 horas e taxa de 5°C / min foram então submetidas a ensaios de espectroscopia de impedância onde verificou-se que a dopagem com o teor de 15% de ítria apresentou o melhor resultado de condutividade e energia de ativação menor comparado a outras amostras. Desta forma, foi possível concluir que a dopagem com íons ítrio e a quantidade deste melhoram as propriedades de condutividade e estabilidade química.

In this thesis, the focus is on studying BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton conductors due to that they represent very promising proton conductors to be used for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ITSOFCs). Here, dense BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY532) ceramics were selected as the major studied materials. These ceramics were prepared by different sintering methods and doping strategies. Based on achieved results, the thesis work can simply be divided into the following parts: 1) An improved synthesis method, which included a water-based milling procedure followed by a freeze-drying post-processing, was presented. A lowered calcination and sintering temperature for a Hf0.7Y0.3O2-δ (YSH) compound was achieved. The value of the relative density in this work was higher than previously reported data. It is also concluded that this improved method can be used for mass-production of ceramics. 2) As the solid-state reactive sintering (SSRS) represent a cost-effective sintering method, the sintering behaviors of proton conductors BaZrxCe0.8-xLn0.2O3-δ (x = 0.8, 0.5, 0.1; Ln = Y, Sm, Gd, Dy) during the SSRS process were investigated. According to the obtained results, it was found that the sintering temperature will decrease, when the Ce content increases from 0 (BZCLn802) to 0.3 (BZCLn532) and 0.7 (BZCLn172). Moreover, the radii of the dopant ions similar to the radii of Zr4+ or Ce4+ ions show a better sinterability. This means that it is possible to obtain dense ceramics at a lower temperature. Moreover, the conductivities of dense BZCLn532 ceramics were determined. The conductivity data indicate that dense BZCY532 ceramics are good candidates as either oxygen ion conductors or proton conductors used for ITSOFCs. 3) The effect of NiO on the sintering behaviors, morphologies and conductivities of BZCY532 based electrolytes were systematically investigated. According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that the dense BZCY532B ceramics (NiO was added during ball-milling before a powder mixture calcination) show an enhanced oxygen and proton conductivity. Also, that BZCY532A (NiO was added after a powder mixture calcination) and BZCY532N (No NiO was added in the whole preparation procedures) showed lower values. In addition, dense BZCY532B and BZCY532N ceramics showed only small electronic conductivities, when the testing temperature was lower than 800 ℃. However, the BZCY532A ceramics revealed an obvious electronic conduction, when they were tested in the range of 600 ℃ to 800 ℃. Therefore, it is preferable to add the NiO powder during the BZCY532 powder preparation, which can lower the sintering temperature and also increase the conductivity. 4) Dense BZCY532 ceramics were successfully prepared by using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method at a temperature of 1350 ℃ with a holding time of 5 min. It was found that a lower sintering temperature (&lt; 1400 ℃) and a very fast cooling rate (&gt; 200 ℃/min) are two key parameters to prepare dense BZCY532 ceramics. These results confirm that the SPS technique represents a feasible and cost-effective sintering method to prepare dense Ce-containing BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton conductors. 5) Finally, a preliminary study for preparation of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (SDC) and BZCY532 basedcomposite electrolytes was carried out. The novel SDC-BZCY532 based composite electrolytes were prepared by using the powder mixing and co-sintering method. The sintering behaviors, morphologies and ionic conductivities of the composite electrolytes were investigated. The obtained results show that the composite electrolyte with a composition of 60SDC-40BZCY532 has the highest conductivity. In contrast, the composite electrolyte with a composition of 40SDC-60BZCY532 shows the lowest conductivity. In summary, the results show that BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton-conducting ceramic materials represent very promising materials for future ITSOFCs electrolyte applications. / <p>QC 20150423</p>