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APPEALS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS ABSTRACT This thesis tries to describe the legislation of appeals in criminal proceeding in the Czech Republic. The aim is to present information on the historical development of remedies in criminal proceedings, on the basic principles of criminal proceedings, on the recent legislation of appeals in criminal proceedings, then a short comparison of the legislation in Austria and finally to point out to some of its deficiencies and suggest their solutions. The introduction of the thesis gives the basic information on the work itself, its aims and reasons which convinced the author to choose this topic. The first chapter of it is devoted to a short description of the legislation of remedies in history. Then, the basic principles of criminal proceedings and their effects on remedial proceedings are described. The third chapter focuses on the basic classification of remedies in the Czech Republic. The most exhaustive chapter with the analysis of the legislation of appeals follows. The biggest part in it is devoted to the description of remedial proceedings and several institutes are criticized here. Time periods, entitled person, the requirements for the content of an appeal, proceedings before the Court of First Instance, proceedings before Appeal Court and finally proceedings...

This master thesis in applied ethics is a descriptive ethical analysis of the current integration policy in the Netherlands. The main purpose is to describe and critically discuss the Dutch integration policy. In the recent years there has been a major shift in the Dutch integration directive, from a liberal to a harsher integration policy. This thesis contributes with a characterization of integration by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, European Commission and within the Dutch context, particularly a characterization of values and ideals in integration policies. Also, an attempt is made to analyze what the underlying motives and core values are, and which values should be fostered. Moreover, an overview is given of the various dimensions of integration. The second part of this thesis explores the Dutch integration policy in light of the European Commission's eleven common basic principles for immigrant integration policy in the European Union. In addition, ethical implications concerning the Dutch integration policy will be stated. Finally, the consequences of failing integration will be identified and some practical recommendations for the Dutch integration policy will be provided.

v anglickém jazyce Efficiency of criminal procedure and adjustment of pre-trial proceedings The purpose of my thesis is to analyse relationship between basic principles of criminal procedure and the purpose of criminal procedure. The reason for my analysis is fact that basic principles are ground of criminal proceedings. They influence all institutes of criminal procedure law and the way how they are applied. The thesis is composed of five chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: criminal procedure, purpose of criminal proceedings, pre - trial proceedings and other section of criminal proceedings. The chapter is subdivided into four parts. Part One describes term of criminal procedure and it's purpose and explains relationship between criminal proceedings and human rights. Part Two deals with history of criminal procedure codes in the Czech lands. Part Three deals with relevant Czech legislation connected with criminal proceedings and Part Four explains term of sections of criminal procedure and briefly describes individual sections. Chapter Two focuses on basic principles of criminal proceedings. The Chapter consists of sixteen parts. Part One focuses on term and importance of basic principles of criminal proceedings. The rest of the Chapter concerns...

This thesis mainly deals with the procedures concerning the youth and children under fifteen years old, including the procedural status of subjects according to Act No. 218/2003 Coll. Youth on liability for unlawful acts of Juvenile Justice and amending certain acts (Act on Juvenile Justice), but the Act No. 40/2009 Coll., Penal Code. Introduction of this thesis is the historical development, both within Austria-Hungary or the Czech Republic after 2003. Its cross section is the interpretation of certain key concepts and principles that are essential to the interpretation and practical application of the Act itself. The chapter on the Institute diversions could not be omitted in this thesis. Using detours is still a new phenomenon for Czech criminal law and in the practice of law is still used less (unlike the penalties associated with imprisonment). It is mentioned both in the general characteristics of control over juveniles and children under fifteen years old, protection of private adolescents with an emphasis on the provision of information in cases, where the perpetrator or victim of the offense is a person under the age of fifteen years old. Here the emphasis is on whether such a procedure does not violate the constitutional right to a public hearing. The thesis is also devoted to the...

Abstract Cross-strait exchanges have become more frequent since Taiwan abolished the martial law on July 16th, 1987. At the same year, the restriction on family visit to China was deregulated on November 2nd. However, the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area about protection of Mainland people¡¦s right is obviously incomplete. For instance, according to Article 95-3 of Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and The Mainland Area, the provisions of the Administrative Procedures Act shall not apply to the handling of the matters related to the dealings between the people of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area. The regulation really retarded the development of cross-strait exchanges. Besides, the researcher found out that the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area is not in accordance with the social¡¦s status in cross-strait exchanges. Therefore, the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area has to be regulated. In this research, the author reviewed the regulations, mechanisms and social status in managing way on the basis of the five frameworks of administrative laws, including Basic Principle, Administrative Organization, Administrative Competence, Administrative Remedy and Administrative Supervision, and literature review, comparative analysis and historical induction. For the purpose of improving regulations of cross-strait exchanges, the researcher suggested that the Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area should be re-legislated.

In terms of the ¡§basic principles¡¨ of the Free Independent Travelers program(FIT), we need to notice that it is the very first and fresh contact in the cross-straits with the friendliest cooperation. With the change that given by FIT to rebuild the mutual trust between two nations, instead of labeling the ¡§evil nature¡¨ on the people from mainland, the government should remove the discriminative norms and regulations from FIT immediately. In the perspectives of the Constitution and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of UN, the right for people to have the freedom of mobility should be safeguarded. Internally, the authority should be delegated to local governments to enhance the potential benefit from few private and affluent enterprises and Taiwan-based business in China to the local economy with a greater profit. From the aspect of ¡§organization,¡¨ shortening the administrative process is the priority to reduce unnecessary red tape. Ma¡¦s administration attempts to establish offices in different fields in the cross-straits by ¡§building blocks¡¨; however, a more ¡§comprehensive¡¨ service organization is more needed based due to the reality. If this kind of organization can be set up in the important cities in China, FIT applicants can apply the grogram, including ¡§application, submission and receiving certifications¡¨ by a single window. It can not only reduce the cost and the possibility to be exploited for applicants, but it also can force the government to eliminate transferring the unnecessary risk of the possibility for Chinese travelers¡¦ staying illegally to the tourism industry in Taiwan. In relation to ¡§authority,¡¨ the policy should incline to ¡§soft law¡¨ for promoting FIT with ¡§management¡¨ rather than ¡§protecting with strictness.¡¨ If there is a conflict between authority and basic principles, related administrative problems may be even harder to be processed, let alone putting effectiveness of organizations into full play. Regarding to ¡§remedy,¡¨ a comprehensive arbitration mechanism, or an integrated system of mediation for dispute and remedy, is a must for FIT. From the premise of a mutual consensus to make it work effectively, instead of post-incident remedy, pursuing the quality of travelling by ¡§risk management¡¨ is more important. After all, the remedy in current society is so limited that it only covers the mediation for the dispute of product consumption and purchasing. In terms of ¡§supervision,¡¨ related source of law should be made by ¡§legislative sector,¡¨ so that an ¡§internal controlling¡¨ mechanism can be set up while part of the legal system is unable to be intervened by non-executive power, including president¡¦s power. Moreover, the set up of this mechanism should imitate the evaluation for universities. Professional scholars should be invited to do the evaluation, and by way of selecting random case or lot drawing, the power of the president can be redressed. Based on the divisions of responsibilities between administrative and legislative sectors, the ¡§interior controlling¡¨ role that the Congress plays, still, should not infringe the executive power of legislative sector. Nevertheless, it should reinforce practical supervision and identify what the object should be. From the aspect of ¡§exterior controlling,¡¨ an unofficial and professional organization should be established, so as to assist the integration of a comprehensive plan and supervision assessment. The pressure that media puts on the government is limited, not to mention correcting exterior supervision instantly; however, if the assessment can be submitted to Legislative Yuan from time to time, it might leave pressure to the administrative sector, so that the problems can be redressed.

Human right protection is a trend all over the world. Nowadays, there¡¦s no country that implements democratic constitution doesn¡¦t take Constitution as the basic regulation for human right protection, expecting to achieve the goal of protecting human right with the implementation of constitutional government. However, does human right receive absolute protection? Should conflicts occur between public interest and private interest, based on the consideration of public interest, restrictions shall be imposed on private interest. Fighting crimes to establish a society of justice, then there can be space created for individual basic rights. As progresses of the times and advancements of technology, techniques in collecting criminal evidences are renewed constantly. The more advanced high tech crime investigating instruments would have the greater inclination to violate people¡¦s rights. Although the society can¡¦t exist without controls to certain extent, an individual can¡¦t survive without freedom to certain degree, either. Communications surveillance, though a keen weapon applied to criminal investigation, would unavoidably clash with the maintenance of individual rights. High tech monitoring of communications surveillance would inevitably infringe upon personal privacy. As our society changes and develops rapidly, there¡¦s room derived for advancement and development concerning the delimitation of human rights protection and associated concepts. It¡¦s hoped that the problems dwelling in the legal system of communications protection and electronic surveillance of Republic of China can be examined based on administrative law, by means of its five frameworks, namely, basic principles, administrative organization, limitation of administrative power, administrative relief, and administrative supervision. Furthermore, it¡¦s expected that practical suggestions against items required improvement in existing legal system can be brought forth herein pursuant to the discourse of five major frameworks of administrative law mentioned hereinbefore to make the legal system of communications protection and electronic surveillance more sound and complete.

<p>Denna uppsats är skriven som en studie i fyra delar. Första delen består utav redogörelser för syfte, metod och källmaterial samt hur jag skapat det analysverktyg som används i arbetet. I andra delen belyses krigföringens grundprinciper såsom de är definierade i litteraturen. Här redogörs även för de faktorer som kommer att användas vid identifikationen. Tredje delen av min studie inleds utav en historisk återblick, där jag återberättar händelserna som utspelar sig i Norge under 1942-1943. Detta case som ligger till grund för min studie är en av andra världskrigets mest kända specialoperationer, som trots sin berömmelse väldigt få har djupare information om. Operationerna är kantade av motgångar och dödsfall, men framförallt av målmedvetenhet och stor vilja. Genom att använda mitt analysverktyg mot detta case vill jag se huruvida samtliga av krigföringens grundprinciper kan identifieras. Slutsatserna som är dragna är att samtliga av krigföringens grundprinciper kan identifieras med hjälpav de faktorer jag använt.</p> / <p>This paper is written as a study in four parts. The first part consists of statements of purpose, methodology and source materials, and how I created the analysis tools used at work. The second section highlights the basic principles of warfare as defined in the literature. This also presents the factors that will be used for identification. The third part of my study starts out a historical review, which I am recounting the events that take place in Norway during 1942-1943. This case, which is the basis for my study is one of WWII's most famous Special Operations, who, despite its fame, very few have deeper information. These operations are marked by misfortune and death, but above all the determination and eagerness. By using my analysis tool of this case I want to see whether all of the basic principles of warfare can be identified. The conclusions that are drawn are that all of the basic principles of warfare can be identified by the factors I used.</p>

Denna uppsats är skriven som en studie i fyra delar. Första delen består utav redogörelser för syfte, metod och källmaterial samt hur jag skapat det analysverktyg som används i arbetet. I andra delen belyses krigföringens grundprinciper såsom de är definierade i litteraturen. Här redogörs även för de faktorer som kommer att användas vid identifikationen. Tredje delen av min studie inleds utav en historisk återblick, där jag återberättar händelserna som utspelar sig i Norge under 1942-1943. Detta case som ligger till grund för min studie är en av andra världskrigets mest kända specialoperationer, som trots sin berömmelse väldigt få har djupare information om. Operationerna är kantade av motgångar och dödsfall, men framförallt av målmedvetenhet och stor vilja. Genom att använda mitt analysverktyg mot detta case vill jag se huruvida samtliga av krigföringens grundprinciper kan identifieras. Slutsatserna som är dragna är att samtliga av krigföringens grundprinciper kan identifieras med hjälpav de faktorer jag använt. / This paper is written as a study in four parts. The first part consists of statements of purpose, methodology and source materials, and how I created the analysis tools used at work. The second section highlights the basic principles of warfare as defined in the literature. This also presents the factors that will be used for identification. The third part of my study starts out a historical review, which I am recounting the events that take place in Norway during 1942-1943. This case, which is the basis for my study is one of WWII's most famous Special Operations, who, despite its fame, very few have deeper information. These operations are marked by misfortune and death, but above all the determination and eagerness. By using my analysis tool of this case I want to see whether all of the basic principles of warfare can be identified. The conclusions that are drawn are that all of the basic principles of warfare can be identified by the factors I used.