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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-10-11T12:19:33Z (GMT) / Submitted by JULIANA TIBURCIO SILVEIRA FOSSALUZZA null (julianatiburcio@ig.com.br) on 2017-10-11T12:42:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - versão final - 05-10-17.pdf: 3314327 bytes, checksum: 5dfa8357032e7b74a5260ac2f7e29c3c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-11T13:45:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silveirafossaluzza_jt_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3314327 bytes, checksum: 5dfa8357032e7b74a5260ac2f7e29c3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T13:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silveirafossaluzza_jt_dr_arafcl.pdf: 3314327 bytes, checksum: 5dfa8357032e7b74a5260ac2f7e29c3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / Outra / La conscience de classe prolétarienne potentielle est une thèse qui sera défendue dans cette recherche. Il y a donc une préoccupation, une émeute, une certitude que quelque chose ne va pas en réalité, une indignation expérimentée, opprimée, les connaissances acquisées par l'individu, qui dans une certaine mesure sont exprimées dans sa “conscience individuelle”, et dans notre société. La conscience prolétarienne peut déjà exister potentiellement en toute personne, même si représentent pas encore une classe de conscience lui-même et pour luimême. Elle est en fait une “étincelle” de lucidité que “dit” qu'il y a desprolétarienset du prolétaire, de ses conditions connues d'exploitation, des emplois précaires avant-coureurs. Cette étude est, en même temps, un rapport sur la situation dans laquelle il y a de nombreux enseignants de l'éducation de base dans notre pays, en particulier ceux qui développent leur activité éducative dans l'État de São Paulo, Brésil. Ce sont des enseignants qui travaillent à l'école secondaire, à l'école primaire, à l'école maternelle et même dans l'enseignement supérieur. Cinq enseignants qui ont été entendus, au moyen d'entretienssemi-structurés, et qui ne sont pas silencieux dans leur mémoire-travail et de la politique, et exprimé à des degrés divers et les nuances de leurs processus de conscience de classe, la conscience de classe prolétarienne potentielle. Les enseignants-prolétaires qui, d'une certaine façon latente, ont militance “dans ses veines”, qui se battent ou se sont battus, bien que certains limités à la salle de classe, par une société qui pourrait un jour renaître de la subjugation, la souffrance, et l'exploitation humaine. Nous partons et retournons, de sorte que le travail, exercé avant, par un être humain et leurs relations sociales. Cette observation concerne la méthode de recherche, le matérialisme historique et dialectique. Que cette étude, qui est aussi la littérature, peut alors avoir envisagé le matérialisme, historicité-dialectique des rapports sociaux des processus de la conscience “individuelle”, ainsi que la nécessité de rapprocher entre l'école et l'université. / A consciência de classe proletária potencial nos professores da Educação Básica é a tese que será defendida nesta pesquisa. Há, portanto, uma inquietude, uma revolta, uma certeza de que algo está errado na realidade, uma indignação vivida, oprimida, um conhecimento apropriado pelo indivíduo, que, em alguma medida, se expressa na sua “consciência individual” e na nossa sociedade. A consciência proletária pode já existir potencialmente em qualquer pessoa, mesmo que ainda não expresse uma consciência de classe em si e para si. Ela é na verdade uma “faísca”, uma “fagulha” de lucidez que nos “avisa” que há proletários e proletárias, sabidos de suas condições de exploração, denunciadores da precariedade do trabalho. Este estudo é, ao mesmo tempo, uma denúncia sobre a situação em que trabalham muitos docentes da Educação Básica do nosso país, em especial aqueles que desenvolvem sua atividade educativa no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. São professores que atuam no Ensino Médio, no Ensino Fundamental, na Educação Infantil e até mesmo no Ensino Superior. Cinco docentes que foram ouvidos, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e que expuseram suas memórias-trabalho e política, e expressaram em diferentes graus e nuances seus processos de consciência de classes, de consciência de classe proletária potencial. Professores-proletários que, de certo modo, latente, têm a militância “correndo em suas veias”, que lutam ou lutaram, ainda que alguns restritos à sala de aula, por uma sociedade que um dia poderá renascer da subjugação, do sofrimento e da exploração humana. Partimos e retornamos, portanto, do trabalho, exercido, antes, por um ser humano e suas relações sociais. Essa observação diz respeito ao método de pesquisa, ao materialismo histórico-dialético. Que este estudo, que é também bibliográfico, possa, então, ter contemplado o materialismo, a historicidade-dialética de parte das relações sociais, dos processos de consciência “individuais”, assim como a necessidade de aproximação entre escola e universidade. / The potential proletarian class consciousness is the thesis that will be defended in this research. There is, therefore, a restlessness, a revolt, a certainty that something is not well in reality, a indignation experienced, oppressed, a knowledge acquired by the individual, which is expressed in some measure in his "individual conscience", and in our society. Proletarian consciousness may already exist potentially in any person, even if it does not yet represent a class consciousness in and for itself. It is indeed a "spark" of lucidity that "warns" that there are proletarians, aware of their conditions of exploitation, denouncing the precariousness of work. This study is at the same time a complaint about the situation in which many teachers of Basic Education work in our country, especially those who carry out their educational activity in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. They are teachers who work in High School, Elementary School, Infant Education and even Higher Education. Five teachers who were heard through semi-structured interviews and who did not remain silent in their work and political-memories and expressed in different degrees and nuances their processes of class consciousness, of potential proletarian class consciousness. Proletarian- teachers who, in a certain way, are latent, have militancy "running in their veins", who fight or have fought, although some restricted to the classroom, by a society that one day may be reborn from subjugation, suffering and exploitation human. Therefore, we start and return from the work previously carried out by a human being and his social relations. This observation concerns the method of research, historical-dialectical materialism. That this study, which is also bibliographical, may then have contemplated materialism, dialectical historicity on the part of social relations, “individual” processes of consciousness, as well as the need for approximation between school and university. / La conciencia de clase proletaria potencial es la tesis que será defendida en esta investigación. Hay, por lo tanto, una inquietud, una revuelta, una certeza de que algo no está bien en la realidad, una indignación vivida, oprimida, un conocimiento adquirido por el individuo, que en alguna medida se expresa, en su "conciencia individual", y en nuestra sociedad. La conciencia proletaria puede ya existir potencialmente en cualquier persona, aunque todavía no represente una conciencia de clase en sí y para sí En realidades una "chispa" de lucidez que nos "advierte" que hay proletarios y proletarias, sabidos de sus condiciones de explotación, denunciadores de la precariedad del trabajo. Este estudio es, al mismo tiempo, una denuncia sobre la situación en que trabajan muchos docentes de la Educación Básica de nuestro país, en especial, aquellos que desarrollan su actividad educativa en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Son profesores que actúan en la Enseñanza Media, en la Enseñanza Fundamental, en la Educación Infantil e incluso en la Enseñanza Superior. Se les escuchó a cinco docentes, a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas, y que no se callaron en sus memorias-trabajo y política, y expresaron en diferentes grados y matices sus procesos de conciencia de clases, de conciencia de clase proletaria potencial. Profesores-proletarios que, en cierto modo, latente, tienen la militancia "corriendo en sus venas", que luchan o han luchado, aunque algunos restringidos al aula, por una sociedad que un día podrá renacer de la subyugación, del sufrimiento y explotación humana. Partimos y regresamos, por tanto, del trabajo, ejercido, antes, por un ser humano y sus relaciones sociales. Esta observación se refiere al método de investigación, al materialismo histórico-dialéctico. Que este estudio, que es también bibliográfico, pueda, entonces, haber contemplado el materialismo, a historicidad-dialéctica de parte de las relaciones sociales, de los procesos de conciencia “individuales”, así como la necesidad de aproximación entre escuela y universidad.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the facilitation methods used in the adult centre to motivate adult learners to participate in Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) programmes, as the majority of South Africans have a low level of literacy. The illiteracy could not be viewed independently of the apartheid policies that were in place before democratisation in 1994. After the democratisation the African National Congress (ANC) policies, prioritised the provision of ABET. The policy was for ABET provide education including basic literacy, numeracy to a level equivalent to the General Certificate of Education to adults who have had little or no formal schooling. ABET is viewed as a means to educate and train adults and is regarded as a force for social participation and economic development. The researcher was prompted to investigate the effectiveness of the facilitation methods to motivate adult learners to participate in learning or not. Adults’ participation in learning programmes will help them towards social participation and also to develop them economically. If adults are economically developed, South Africa will not be facing such huge rate of unemployment, poverty and illiteracy. As there are a number of development programmes that are offered at Ekurhuleni to equip adults with relevant skills required for development and equipping them with the skills to face economic challenges of the country, motivation becomes essential because if learners are not motivated to participate, they are not going to be involved in them and get the necessary education. The focus is also on the facilitation methods that are used in the learning centre. Qualitative research has enabled the researcher to gather enough data through employing interviews. Individual interviews, focus group interviews as well as observation were the tools used in this study. It reveals that facilitation methods that are used are not effective enough to motivate adult learners’ participation in ABET programmes. Thus recommendations and suggestions were made to assist the i facilitators in rendering effective facilitation methods for the benefit of the adult learners. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The Directorate of Adult Education and Training of the national Department of Education views Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) not merely as literacy, but as the general conceptual foundation towards lifelong learning and development. This includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are needed for social, economic and political participation and transformation. These skills will assist learners in becoming more active participants in their communities, their workplaces and contribute towards the development of South Africa. This study aims to examine whether ABET programmes prepare learners to acquire the language which is needed to achieve this objective. It falls within one of the eight learning areas defined by the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), namely the language, literacy and communication learning area. In order to research the effectiveness of learning within this area, it is important to analyse the interaction which takes place within a classroom; the type of questions both educators and learners ask; the type of errors learners make in the classroom; and how the educators treat these errors. What is also of paramount importance is whether the language skills learnt in the classroom are transferred to outside the classroom. To examme this, various authors' views on classroom interaction; questions; errors; treatment of errors; and evaluating the effectiveness of learning are presented. Instruments were designed to analyse these aspects within an ABET programme, and include: • the framework used to undertake the classroom interaction analysis, • the instrument used to explore the type of questions educators and learners ask in the classroom, • how an error analysis is used to identify typical learners' errors which occur frequently, • the methodology used to uncover how educators treat their learners' errors, and • the various stakeholders' questionnaires which were used to ascertain the effectiveness of learning at an ABET Centre. The research findings are presented and interpreted in order to provide recommendations for the development of language learning and teaching within the ABET field. The findings also gave rise to recommendations for classroom practices for ABET educators, and particularly the need for educator training and development. Recommendations for curriculum designers of ABET materials are also presented. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

The purpose of this study was to establish the perception of Grade One teachers regarding the school readiness of Reception Year learners in relation to the new national Curriculum Assessment and Policy Statement (CAPS). The study also provides recommendations on how to implement CAPS in Grade R so that teachers, learners and parents experience the easiest possible transition to Grade One. The research took the form of a case study, building on current trends related to the subject of Reception Year CAPS curriculum implementation, and using the Interpretive approach as its essential, functional paradigm, which focuses on experiences of the world based on the culture and previous experiences of each individual, with an emphasis on mutual understanding. By using this strategy to explore Grade One teacher perceptions regarding the school readiness of the Reception Year learners, this project was centred on an in-depth and detailed analysis of a person, group or situation as a sample of the whole, and involved a systematic collection of data and analysis. This led to a conclusions-based report on the findings, all the while focusing on five Grade One teachers and their Head of Department at a public primary school in Pretoria, Gauteng. Preliminary findings suggested that learners coming into Grade One could in fact be adequately prepared during Grade R for successful assimilation in the CAPS curriculum material, if all stakeholders overcome the challenges they face during this important phase of academic development. This study has shown that varying amounts and levels of training amongst the teachers is a hindrance to proper CAPS curriculum implementation and therefore, the Head of Department, the school and ultimately the Department of Education has to ensure parity in the area of teacher training in terms of CAPS curriculum implementation. The study has shown that, due to the different sites where learners did their Reception Year, the school and the Grade One teachers faced learners who came into their classrooms with differing levels of exposure to the formal schooling system. Some learners may have no CAPS curriculum exposure at all. This means that, if the Department of Education is to succeed in implementing the CAPS curriculum in Grade R, then it needs to assist schools more in the form of providing funds for primary schools to build and add space for the Grade R classrooms. Finally, the study showed that a language backlog remains one of the main challenges learners have to face. Historically, Early Childhood Development Centres were never required to use English as a medium of instruction. In fact, teaching in the preschool classroom, which includes Grade R, is still mostly done in one of many mother tongue languages, depending on the location of the centre. With the move to make Grade R part of formal schooling and moving the Reception Year class to a primary school, CAPS requires careful curriculum implementation from Grade R to Grade Three, although instruction in English is only required from Grade One. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Curriculum Studies)

The Directorate of Adult Education and Training of the national Department of Education views Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) not merely as literacy, but as the general conceptual foundation towards lifelong learning and development. This includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes which are needed for social, economic and political participation and transformation. These skills will assist learners in becoming more active participants in their communities, their workplaces and contribute towards the development of South Africa. This study aims to examine whether ABET programmes prepare learners to acquire the language which is needed to achieve this objective. It falls within one of the eight learning areas defined by the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), namely the language, literacy and communication learning area. In order to research the effectiveness of learning within this area, it is important to analyse the interaction which takes place within a classroom; the type of questions both educators and learners ask; the type of errors learners make in the classroom; and how the educators treat these errors. What is also of paramount importance is whether the language skills learnt in the classroom are transferred to outside the classroom. To examme this, various authors' views on classroom interaction; questions; errors; treatment of errors; and evaluating the effectiveness of learning are presented. Instruments were designed to analyse these aspects within an ABET programme, and include: • the framework used to undertake the classroom interaction analysis, • the instrument used to explore the type of questions educators and learners ask in the classroom, • how an error analysis is used to identify typical learners' errors which occur frequently, • the methodology used to uncover how educators treat their learners' errors, and • the various stakeholders' questionnaires which were used to ascertain the effectiveness of learning at an ABET Centre. The research findings are presented and interpreted in order to provide recommendations for the development of language learning and teaching within the ABET field. The findings also gave rise to recommendations for classroom practices for ABET educators, and particularly the need for educator training and development. Recommendations for curriculum designers of ABET materials are also presented. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)

The purpose of this study was to establish the perception of Grade One teachers regarding the school readiness of Reception Year learners in relation to the new national Curriculum Assessment and Policy Statement (CAPS). The study also provides recommendations on how to implement CAPS in Grade R so that teachers, learners and parents experience the easiest possible transition to Grade One. The research took the form of a case study, building on current trends related to the subject of Reception Year CAPS curriculum implementation, and using the Interpretive approach as its essential, functional paradigm, which focuses on experiences of the world based on the culture and previous experiences of each individual, with an emphasis on mutual understanding. By using this strategy to explore Grade One teacher perceptions regarding the school readiness of the Reception Year learners, this project was centred on an in-depth and detailed analysis of a person, group or situation as a sample of the whole, and involved a systematic collection of data and analysis. This led to a conclusions-based report on the findings, all the while focusing on five Grade One teachers and their Head of Department at a public primary school in Pretoria, Gauteng. Preliminary findings suggested that learners coming into Grade One could in fact be adequately prepared during Grade R for successful assimilation in the CAPS curriculum material, if all stakeholders overcome the challenges they face during this important phase of academic development. This study has shown that varying amounts and levels of training amongst the teachers is a hindrance to proper CAPS curriculum implementation and therefore, the Head of Department, the school and ultimately the Department of Education has to ensure parity in the area of teacher training in terms of CAPS curriculum implementation. The study has shown that, due to the different sites where learners did their Reception Year, the school and the Grade One teachers faced learners who came into their classrooms with differing levels of exposure to the formal schooling system. Some learners may have no CAPS curriculum exposure at all. This means that, if the Department of Education is to succeed in implementing the CAPS curriculum in Grade R, then it needs to assist schools more in the form of providing funds for primary schools to build and add space for the Grade R classrooms. Finally, the study showed that a language backlog remains one of the main challenges learners have to face. Historically, Early Childhood Development Centres were never required to use English as a medium of instruction. In fact, teaching in the preschool classroom, which includes Grade R, is still mostly done in one of many mother tongue languages, depending on the location of the centre. With the move to make Grade R part of formal schooling and moving the Reception Year class to a primary school, CAPS requires careful curriculum implementation from Grade R to Grade Three, although instruction in English is only required from Grade One. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Specialisation in Curriculum Studies)

Mathematics Education / M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)