<p>Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om kolliderande standardavtal, internationellt benämnt battle of the forms. Problematiken grundas i att två parter i en avtalsförhandling har tillsänt varandra olika standardavtal med motstridiga villkor. Tvist uppkommer sedan oftast när parterna börjat prestera eller till och med fullbordat avtalet. Frågan uppkommer då vilka villkor som skall gälla samt hur denna problematik bör lösas. Eftersom problematiken är sparsamt utredd i svensk rätt har vi valt att studera tre nationella och tre internationella rättskällor och regelverk för att söka ledning i frågan. Utifrån det vi har kommit fram till kan det påpekas att en betydande majoritet av de rättskällor och regelverk vi har undersökt har frångått att lösa problematiken med hjälp av den klassiska synen på avtal samt anbud och accept. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ge läsaren en helhetsbild av problematiken med kolliderande standardavtal samt visa i vilken riktning utvecklingen på området tenderar att gå. Efter att ha utrett de olika rättskällorna kan vi fastslå att the knock-out rule torde vara den lösningsmodell som domstolarna generellt föredrar att tillämpa.</p>

The Battle of Big Bend was the last significant battle of the Rogue River Indian Wars. The battle occurred 27-28 May 1856 in the Oregon Territory. The location of the battle was along the Rogue River at a place known as the Big Bend, approximately eight miles up river from the modern town of Agness, in Curry County, Oregon. The battle was fought between one reinforced Army company; Company "C", 1st Dragoons, and a large group of Indians from many different bands. Captain Andrew Jackson Smith was the commanding officer of Company "C" during the battle, and Chief John, a member of the Dakubetede Indian band, lead all the warriors. After the first few hours of fighting, the soldiers had suffered so many casualties that they could not break out of their surrounded position without abandoning their dead and wounded. But on the other hand, the soldiers had established their defensive position on a ridge line which provided them a strong tactical advantage which the Indians could not overcome in spite of their early battle success. After thirty hours of combat, Company "G", 1st Infantry, under the command of Captain Christopher C. Augur, came to the aid of the surrounded soldiers. When Company "G" entered the fight, the Indian warriors elected to quit fighting, and under moderate pressure moved off the field of battle into the surrounding mountains. The purpose of this research was to definitively identify the location of the defensive position used by Company "C", and perform data recovery for the Forest Service using archaeological field methods. The field strategy relied heavily on metal detectors to locate battle related artifacts over the battle area. Using data collected during fieldwork, and correlating it to primary reference sources and materials, the battle position of Company "C" was located for the United States Forest Service. / Graduation date: 1998

Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om kolliderande standardavtal, internationellt benämnt battle of the forms. Problematiken grundas i att två parter i en avtalsförhandling har tillsänt varandra olika standardavtal med motstridiga villkor. Tvist uppkommer sedan oftast när parterna börjat prestera eller till och med fullbordat avtalet. Frågan uppkommer då vilka villkor som skall gälla samt hur denna problematik bör lösas. Eftersom problematiken är sparsamt utredd i svensk rätt har vi valt att studera tre nationella och tre internationella rättskällor och regelverk för att söka ledning i frågan. Utifrån det vi har kommit fram till kan det påpekas att en betydande majoritet av de rättskällor och regelverk vi har undersökt har frångått att lösa problematiken med hjälp av den klassiska synen på avtal samt anbud och accept. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ge läsaren en helhetsbild av problematiken med kolliderande standardavtal samt visa i vilken riktning utvecklingen på området tenderar att gå. Efter att ha utrett de olika rättskällorna kan vi fastslå att the knock-out rule torde vara den lösningsmodell som domstolarna generellt föredrar att tillämpa.

The manuscript of the medieval morality play The Castle of Perseverance contains an illustration commonly understood as the earliest example of a medieval stage plan. Yet The Castle is an allegory, an extended metaphor, the meaning of which comes from the exegetical tradition. Medieval drama is didactic, and education, like exegesis and metaphor, operates on many levels. The Castle plays on the meaning of play: to read it solely as a play is to read merely the first level of meaning. This thesis considers The Castle not in its usual dramatic context but in that of devotional literature: specifically, exegesis, mysticism, and the monastic practice of lectio divina, divine reading. It focuses on the text and diagram as the verbal and visual illustration of classical and biblical metaphors: among these, the pilgrimage of life, the castle of the mind, the treasure chest of the heart, and the river of the soul. Gregory the Greats Moralia in Job is discussed as the likeliest source of the metaphors found in The Castle; the Moralia serves as an exemplar of allegory as a systematic metaphor and a metaphoric system. The Castle allegorizes and actualizes an abstraction, the process of temptation; depicting the mind as a stage on which players become prayers. Morality plays concern the ethics of salvation: one is the sum of ones choices. Thus, the manuscripts goal is to foster contemplation or Christian Socratism, the examination of conscience, as a prerequisite to salvation and the mystical union with God.

My intention with this paper is to try to understand the meaning of the double sex symbols which can be identified on a number of Neolithic so called battle axes from the region round the lake Mälaren in Sweden. My conclusions are drawn after having studied a number of archaeological thesises. I have realized that the society was egalitarian from what is said about the funeral habits since women and men were buried with the same care. Ceramics from the Skogsmossen site show a very long continuity over 15-20 generations. These facts indicate a peaceful society without traumatic breaks where knowledge would have been lost. The fingerprints produced on the ceramics are those of women, since they do not seem to fit with the hands of men. Women are by this fact persumed to be the producers of ceramics. In early and primitive farming digging sticks were used, often with a weight. My conclusion is that the boat axe can be a magic tool used on the digging sticks. We have to understand the boat axes as spiritual helpers to fruitful and fertile success.

From a new perspective, this paper will examine the artillery and the pike role in the period 1700-1712 and the battalion´s battle formation in the Caroline combat tactics. Carolinian battle tactics were practiced during the period 1700-1721. The results from my study will be compared to existing research opinion regarding the selected subject areas, if the result confirms the thesis or question the existing research opinion. The source material used consists of eyewitness accounts from the period consisting of diaries, memoir, biography, general muster rolls and historical literature covering the subject. The analysis shows that the Caroline artillery took part in 12 battles during the period of 1700-1712. The analysis also shows that there was a close working between the infantry and artillery in attacks. This result contradicts the existing facility research mixture view that artillery was subordinate other weaponry because it prevented the Caroline attack tempo. In the analysis of the pike role in Caroline combat tactics, reveals nothing that confirms existing research opinion that the pike was an offensive melee weapon. Instead it seems that the pikes role was a support weapon with a defensive focus. The analysis of the battalion`s battle formation shows that the Caroline battalion battle formation did not follow the regulations of the battle formation. According to the existing research the battalion´s battle formation was as required by regulations. But according to the general muster rolls, there are differences between the battalions when it comes to the relationship of forces. So the Caroline battalion battle formation could not have been strictly required by regulations.

The manuscript of the medieval morality play The Castle of Perseverance contains an illustration commonly understood as the earliest example of a medieval stage plan. Yet The Castle is an allegory, an extended metaphor, the meaning of which comes from the exegetical tradition. Medieval drama is didactic, and education, like exegesis and metaphor, operates on many levels. The Castle plays on the meaning of play: to read it solely as a play is to read merely the first level of meaning. This thesis considers The Castle not in its usual dramatic context but in that of devotional literature: specifically, exegesis, mysticism, and the monastic practice of lectio divina, divine reading. It focuses on the text and diagram as the verbal and visual illustration of classical and biblical metaphors: among these, the pilgrimage of life, the castle of the mind, the treasure chest of the heart, and the river of the soul. Gregory the Greats Moralia in Job is discussed as the likeliest source of the metaphors found in The Castle; the Moralia serves as an exemplar of allegory as a systematic metaphor and a metaphoric system. The Castle allegorizes and actualizes an abstraction, the process of temptation; depicting the mind as a stage on which players become prayers. Morality plays concern the ethics of salvation: one is the sum of ones choices. Thus, the manuscripts goal is to foster contemplation or Christian Socratism, the examination of conscience, as a prerequisite to salvation and the mystical union with God.

Abstract A matter of fact that modern Revolution Military Affairs (RMA) results from the rapid development of ability of computer calculation and new development of information revolution, navigation satellite systems, network for command, control, communication, computer, intelligence, sensor, reconnaissance (C4ISR), Precision-guided munition with basis of information technology society. It also means that those developments as mentioned above will be one of the most important key points for controlling the advantage of information technology society to get the victory in the battlefield in next century. Moreover, it is also the key point for ARMY to develop military forces. When accurate guiding weapons develop, amounts of computer-controlling and electronic systems are instead of manpower, it means that Total War, like Consumptive War and Continuative War are abdicated, and C4ISR will become the main fighting concept in the future. This is a kind of fighting style to take ¡§Benumbing War¡¨ as the fighting principle, and take ¡§Home-thrust Strike¡¨ and ¡§Simultaneous Strike¡¨ to execute the so-called ¡§Surgical Strike¡¨ to benumb the enemies rapidly and correctly and make them lose their ability and opportunity to fight back, finally the volition of the enemies will be demoralized to lose the wars soon. RMA not only subverts the fighting principles set from 17th and 18th century, but also makes sure the unshakable position for modern RMA indirectly. Moreover, it will lead the military discourses and profound influences in the next ten to twenty years. The findings from the research are as followed: 1. The definition for traditional battlefield is changed. 2. There is no difference between the usual time and the war time. 3. Information technology fighters control the battlefields. 4. To centralize and strike the fighting center of the enemies. 5. To cut down the command hierarchies for armed forces. Members of ARMY should give up egoism and think about partnership among related organizations with unselfishness again while being in such a rapidly aggressive period. Keywords: Revolution Military Affairs (RMA), ARMY, Total War, Battle doctrine

Thesis (M.A. (History))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Text in Afrikaans. Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Utrecht. / "Stellingen" inserted at end.