"SELECT CD is a site-specific, decision-support tool for selecting ecologically viable tree species, reproduction cuttings, and regeneration methods in the coastal forest (CDF, CWH, and MH zones). SELECT CD integrates information from several existing guides with new information from literature and recent research into a single, user-friendly resource. SELECT CD also includes a rich library of visuals and an illustrated glossary of technical terms."

The purpose of this research is to contribute to the identification of appropriate forest tenure and governance designs that are in congruence with Aboriginal values, interests and rights. The research is highly relevant to current societal deliberations on sustainable forest management as well as to the future of the forest sector in Canada. First Nations culture and ways of life are intimately and inextricably tied to the land. Some eighty percent of Canada’s First Nations communities are situated in productive forest regions (NAFA 2003). Even so, First Nations have been largely excluded from forest development and planning activities. Furthermore, the provincial policy emphasis on industrial timber production may not be consistent with Aboriginal forest values. This community-based research takes a participatory approach to forest policy analysis. The work is conducted in partnership with the Stellat’en First Nation and Carrier Sekani Tribal Council in central British Columbia. Stellat’en criteria for forest tenure and governance are identified in a series of workshops and interviews. These criteria are then applied in the analysis of four alternative models: the Community Ecosystem Trust, the Gitanyow joint land use planning model, BC Community Forest Agreements and Aboriginal reservations in the United States. The results indicated that Stellat’en have three main goals regarding forest tenure and governance: protect the traditional territory for future generations, protect Stellat’en culture and support Stellat’en economic self-determination. Implementation of the Stellat’en vision calls for a greater emphasis on ecological and cultural values in forest management, devolution of decision making authority to First Nations, reallocation of harvesting rights and redistribution of wealth generated by forest activities. The Stellat’en perspective emphasizes co-existence and stewardship. Evaluation of the four alternative models provided useful insights for progressive tenure and governance design. All four models had positive aspects to contribute, as well as shortcomings. The models are not mutually exclusive. Since each model addresses different management and institutional functions, they could be combined into a new system for the future.

Keynote address delivered at the Archives Association of British Columbia in May 1998.

This presentation by the Director of the ARL Office of Scholarly Communication was given at the UBC Library on March 5, 2009, as part of the BC Research Libraries Group Lecture Series. The topic was a field study that she initiated involving the investigation of a range of new models of scholarly publishing and communication valued by scholars. There was a particular focus on works that push the boundaries of traditional formats and are considered innovative by the faculty who use them. The findings were published in November 2008 and titled: Current Models of Digital Scholarly Communication - Results of an Investigation Conducted by Ithaka for the Association of Research Libraries and can be found at http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/current-models-report.pdf.

These are challenging times for parks and protected areas in British Columbia as these areas have increased in size and use, while resources for managing them have shrunk considerably. Environmental nongovernment organisations (ENGOs) have recognized these threats and as a result are becoming increasingly involved in the stewardship of parks and protected areas. As the provincial government authority responsible for their management, BC Parks acknowledges that the needs and aspirations of people living in and around these areas must somehow be integrated in their management in order to ensure their long-term viability, and that ENGOs have valuable knowledge and skills to offer in this regard. As a result, cooperative arrangements, or partnerships, are being increasingly explored as a mutually beneficial means of forwarding BC Parks' mandate of conservation and recreation, and the mandate of similarly-minded ENGOs. The central purpose of this thesis is to identify essential criteria that must be met for cooperative arrangements between ENGOs and BC Parks to be successful. The study focusses on four current, successful partnerships. Research methods included a literature review and interviews with representatives from each of the participating BC Parks districts and ENGOs. The thesis presents a number of key findings that have significant import to the successful planning, implementation and management of cooperative arrangements for parks and protected areas. In addition to the criteria identified as central to their success, certain process-based actions have relevance to fulfilling the criteria. The level of trust between partners also has an impact on relations, which is enhanced when the criteria are met and over the course of time. The expectations of parties with regard to the extent of power-sharing and how this is exhibited in the cooperative arrangement also affects the perceived level of success of partners and therefore their commitment to the partnership.

The Monashee Complex is a structural culmination which exposes rocks from the lowest stratigraphic levels of the Canadian Cordillera. The Monashee Complex is subdivided into two lesser structural culminations; the Frenchman Cap and Thor–Odin culminations. The lithostratigraphic succession of the Thor–Odin Culmination is completely transposed by penetrative isoclinal folds with amplitudes from microscopic (<1 mm) to regional (10’s km). Lower structural levels are occupied by Proterozoic gneisses and migmatites of the Monashee basement assemblage. These are infolded with overlying metasedimentary rocks of the Monashee cover assemblage, which are Proterozoic to possibly Paleozoic in age. The basement and cover assemblages were subsequently intruded by Eocene granitic pegmatite, aplite and lamprophyre dykes. Regional metamorphism of the basement and cover assemblages reached upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies. The northeastern portion of the Thor–Odin Culmination of the Monashee Complex contains a suite of structures and fabrics, which are classified into four sets, based on their interpreted kinematic significance. These are: 1) transposition related structures (DT); 2) open, upright folds (DO); 3) exhumation related structures (DE); and 4) brittle faults (DB). Each successive set of structures exerted a control on the geometry of the next set. The large-scale geometry of the culmination is an interference structure between DT folds, a DE arch and high-strain zones, and a DB brittle horst. Early, DT fold style varies from intrafolial isoclinal “mature” style folds to upright or inclined asymmetric “immature” folds. This continuum of fold styles, along with evidence of anticlockwise rotation (looking down a vertical axis toward the shear plane) of fold axes and lineations is interpreted as being a result of penetrative triclinic non-coaxial flow. DO upright, symmetrical folds overprint early structures and fabrics, but are only preserved at low structural levels in the culmination where the DE coaxial stretching overprint is weak. DE normal shear bands and boudins overprint all earlier structures. A complex high-strain zone, the Thor–Odin High-Strain Zone, outcrops at high structural levels and along the margins of the culmination. The Thor–Odin High- Strain Zone developed as a result of material moving away from the crest of the culmination, outwards toward the flanks. Eocene brittle faults (DB) and fractures within the Thor–Odin Culmination of the Monashee Complex are divisible into three distinct sets. Initial 340–010º trending strikeslip faults (Set 1) were locally overprinted and reactivated by normal faults with a 325– 020º trend (Set 2). A third set of 255–275º trending fractures (Set 3) are interpreted as conjugates to Set 1, reactivated as transfer faults to the Set 2 normal faults. Large regional faults weather recessively forming topographic lineaments that transect the Monashee Complex. The Victor Creek Fault defines one such lineament. Detailed mapping within the northern Thor–Odin Culmination, reveals piercement points (fold hinges) on the east side of the fault, which are not readily matched on the west side. The minimum displacement required on the Victor Creek Fault to down-drop the fold hinge below the level of exposure on the west side is 1370 m, assuming normal down-to-the west displacement. However, the geometry of the fault is consistent with a Set 1 dextral strike-slip fault. Matching the piercement points in the study area with possible equivalents to the north indicates 55–60 kms of dextral strike-slip displacement. The Monashee Reflection (MR) is a major crustal-scale, cross-cutting reflection appearing on two mutually perpendicular Lithoprobe seismic profiles in the southern Omineca Belt of the Canadian Cordillera. It has previously been interpreted as the downplunge extension of an arched regional ductile thrust fault, the Monashee Décollement, and is described as separating the Monashee Complex from the overlying Selkirk Allochthon. Recent mapping demonstrates that this boundary is not a discrete ductile thrust, but rather transposed and gradational. Overprinting the transition zone is a complex, outward-dipping, normal, structure; the Thor−Odin High-Strain Zone. Three alternative 3-D geometric models have been developed for the MR in order to project the reflection to the surface. The favoured model correlates the surface trace of the Thor−Odin High-Strain Zone with MR. Normal shear sense kinematics are interpreted for the MR based on: 1) the overall geometry and asymptotic relationship between the MR and reflections in the hanging wall and footwall; 2) offset of metamorphic and geochronological gradients, consistent with an extensional zone, rather than with thrust fault interpretation and 3) the cross-cutting nature of the MR is consistent with normal structures throughout the region.

This thesis presents novel algorithms and a revised modeling framework to evaluate residential aggregate electrical demand response performance under scenarios with limited device-state feedback. These algorithms permit the provision of balancing reserves, or the smoothing of variable renewable energy generation, via an externally supplied target trajectory. The responsive load populations utilized were home heat pumps and deferred electric vehicle charging. As fewer devices in a responsive population report their state information, the error of the demand response program increases moderately but remains below 8%. The associated error of the demand response program is minimized with responsive load populations of approximately 4500 devices; the available capacity of the demand response system scales proportionally with population size. The results indicate that demand response programs with limited device-state feedback may provide a viable option to reduce overall system costs and address privacy concerns of individuals wishing to participate in a demand response program. / Graduate

Le problème de codage avec information adjacente (CCSI) est une technique récente d'annulation d'interférences en transmission et en compression de données. Ceci concerne les situations où l'émetteur est informé (par une voie retour par exemple) d'une partie de l'interférence canal. L'objectif est alors d' utiliser cette connaissance afin de concevoir un codage efficace. Une application étroitement liée à la transmission et à la compression de données est le "marquage de l'information" (information embedding). Potentiellement prometteur, le marquage d'information pose de nombreux défis dans différents domaines de recherche, allant de l'étude des limites théoriques de performance d'un point de vue théorie de l'information aux aspects liés à leurs implémentation d'un point de vue traitement de signal, en passant par la conception de code d'un point de vue communication numérique et codage. Dans cette thèse nous considérons la problématique de marquage de l'information sous ses trois aspects: de théorie de l'information, de codage et communication et de traitement de signal. Le travail effectué dans le cadre de cette thèse peut être structurée en quatre parties. Dans la première partie, nous formalisons le problème de construction de dictionnaire comme un problème de conception de constellation. En particulier, nous montrons que le problème de codage avec information adjacente disponible à l'encodeur est fondamentalement un problème de codage conjoint source-canal. Ensuite, nous nous basons sur les réseaux de points imbriquées (nested lattices) pour la construction de bons codes algebriques à complexité réduite. Dans la deuxième partie, nous considérons le problème de marquage multiple comme un problème de communication multi-utilisateurs et nous construisons des stratégies de codage qui permettent d'approcher au mieux les limites théoriques de performances. La troisième partie traite le problème de sensibilité à l'information adjacente. Nous y évaluons la dégradation des performances due à une petite perturbation additive de l'information adjacente et nous y montrons que, dans certaines conditions, l'encodeur doit s'adapter à la perturbation en, éventuellement, changer sa stratégie de codage. La quatrième partie traite les performances du CCSI sur un canal AWGN avec jitter (AWGN\&J) d'un point de vue théorie de jeux.

Obesity in children and adolescents is on the rise and is a major risk factor for chronic disease, thus posing one of the greatest public health challenges for the 21st century. Although adolescent obesity is increasing in all ethnic groups, its prevalence is higher in non–Caucasian populations. A possible explanation for ethnic differences in the development of obesity could be ethnic differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR). A low RMR would pre–dispose an ethnic group to obesity. In South Africa limited research has been published with regards to body composition (BC) and RMR in adolescents and the possible association of RMR with BC. The first aim of this study, therefore, was to determine differences in BC and RMR between 14 year old black and Caucasian South African adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality of the North West Province, South– Africa. The second aim was to investigate whether significant relationships between the body composition characteristics body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), fat free mass (FFM) and RMR exist in this group. The baseline data of participants in the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was used. Anthropometric measurements included stature, body mass, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth to determine BMI, %BF, FFM and waist–to–height ratio (WHTR). RMR was measured by the FitMate Pro Indirect Calorimetry (Cosmed). An independent t–test was used to compare the two groups (black vs. Caucasian, boys and girls respectively) with regards to body composition and RMR. Pearson correlation coefficients (adjusted for gender and ethnicity) were calculated, to study the relationship between RMR and body composition. Significant difference levels were set at p<0.05. The present cross–sectional results revealed significant differences in BC and RMR in black and Caucasian adolescents of the Tlokwe municipality, with Caucasian adolescents of both genders having a higher RMR and FFM compared to their counterpart black adolescents. The results further indicated that Caucasian adolescents were significantly (p<0.05) taller, heavier and had a higher %BF, WHTR, FFM and RMR than the black adolescents of both genders. Boys of both ethnicities had a higher RMR than the girls, with black girls having the lowest RMR. Both underweight and overweight/obesity were present in both ethnic groups and genders emphasizing the double burden of disease prevalent in South Africa. The overweight/obese group of both ethnicities had a higher FFM and RMR than the normal and underweight group. After adjusting for gender and ethnicity a high non–significant negative relationship was observed between RMR and FFM in the overweight group. The reasons for these persistent differences in ethnic groups for RMR in adolescents are not clear. A positive association between anthropometric indicators of BC and RMR influenced by gender and ethnicity was indicated. Whether the observed ethnic differences in RMR predict future weight gain and obesity awaits the results of longitudinal analyses. It is suggested that intervention programmes be implemented focusing on the prevention of obesity in adolescents, but especially black adolescent girls, as they are indicated to be the group more prone to obesity. These results supported the literature findings and identified the need for longitudinal data regarding RMR and BC in adolescents. The PAHL–Study will continue to follow–up these adolescents over a period of time as some of the conclusions made will further be cleared, including whether the observed ethnic differences in RMR predict future weight gain and obesity. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Obesity in children and adolescents is on the rise and is a major risk factor for chronic disease, thus posing one of the greatest public health challenges for the 21st century. Although adolescent obesity is increasing in all ethnic groups, its prevalence is higher in non–Caucasian populations. A possible explanation for ethnic differences in the development of obesity could be ethnic differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR). A low RMR would pre–dispose an ethnic group to obesity. In South Africa limited research has been published with regards to body composition (BC) and RMR in adolescents and the possible association of RMR with BC. The first aim of this study, therefore, was to determine differences in BC and RMR between 14 year old black and Caucasian South African adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality of the North West Province, South– Africa. The second aim was to investigate whether significant relationships between the body composition characteristics body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), fat free mass (FFM) and RMR exist in this group. The baseline data of participants in the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was used. Anthropometric measurements included stature, body mass, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist girth to determine BMI, %BF, FFM and waist–to–height ratio (WHTR). RMR was measured by the FitMate Pro Indirect Calorimetry (Cosmed). An independent t–test was used to compare the two groups (black vs. Caucasian, boys and girls respectively) with regards to body composition and RMR. Pearson correlation coefficients (adjusted for gender and ethnicity) were calculated, to study the relationship between RMR and body composition. Significant difference levels were set at p<0.05. The present cross–sectional results revealed significant differences in BC and RMR in black and Caucasian adolescents of the Tlokwe municipality, with Caucasian adolescents of both genders having a higher RMR and FFM compared to their counterpart black adolescents. The results further indicated that Caucasian adolescents were significantly (p<0.05) taller, heavier and had a higher %BF, WHTR, FFM and RMR than the black adolescents of both genders. Boys of both ethnicities had a higher RMR than the girls, with black girls having the lowest RMR. Both underweight and overweight/obesity were present in both ethnic groups and genders emphasizing the double burden of disease prevalent in South Africa. The overweight/obese group of both ethnicities had a higher FFM and RMR than the normal and underweight group. After adjusting for gender and ethnicity a high non–significant negative relationship was observed between RMR and FFM in the overweight group. The reasons for these persistent differences in ethnic groups for RMR in adolescents are not clear. A positive association between anthropometric indicators of BC and RMR influenced by gender and ethnicity was indicated. Whether the observed ethnic differences in RMR predict future weight gain and obesity awaits the results of longitudinal analyses. It is suggested that intervention programmes be implemented focusing on the prevention of obesity in adolescents, but especially black adolescent girls, as they are indicated to be the group more prone to obesity. These results supported the literature findings and identified the need for longitudinal data regarding RMR and BC in adolescents. The PAHL–Study will continue to follow–up these adolescents over a period of time as some of the conclusions made will further be cleared, including whether the observed ethnic differences in RMR predict future weight gain and obesity. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.