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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Operation of battery energy storage system for frequency control of hydropower operated in island mode

Hallblad, Amanda January 2020 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to analyse how a battery energy storage system (BESS) can support the frequency and voltage stability for an islanded microgrid containing a hydropower plant. Two different microgrids, both situated in Sweden, are evaluated. Modelling and dynamic simulations are conducted in the PowerFactory tool. The result shows that both the frequency and the voltage control can be improved with the BESS. However, with the allowed limit of ± 1 Hz, not all simulated scenarios including a BESS meets the requirement. A large difference between the BESS and generator capacity might be a possible cause for this. By dividing the larger loads so that smaller loads are attained, the frequency deviation might be reduced. Furthermore, by adjusting the systems PID-parameters according to the island mode operation, faster regulation can be attained. The system operates according to the Master slave control strategy, with the hydropower being the master unit with voltage control and the BESS being a slave unit with PQ control. The ability to operate an islanded microgrid can ensure the supply of electricity to inhabitants and vital functions in society. By utilizing a BESS for increasing electric stability, emission of CO2 is indirectly mitigated. As cost for BESS are expected to decrease rapidly, they will be accessible for utilization all over the world.
32

Modular Multilevel Converters for Heavy Trucks

Moberg, William January 2020 (has links)
This thesis examines alternatives for power supply for a heavy truck application based on five different modular multilevel converter configurations that ultimately feed a 3-phase motor. Advantages and disadvantages of the different configurations are being discussed as well as other important factors that play a role in what configuration that is beneficial for the intended application. How half- or full-bridge submodules and battery cells relate to each other to achieve a desired voltage are being explained and calculated. Power losses of the converter submodules are being calculated as well as how a specific battery capacity, with increasing average power consumption, performs uphill according to set requirements. It turns out to be the double-armed modular multilevel converter configurations that has the best performance when it comes to utility, energy storage and the lowest power losses.
33

Maximizing the Value of Large-Scale Solar PV Parks through Battery Storage and Ancillary Services : An analysis using multiple-integer linear programming optimization

Ekström, Nora January 2023 (has links)
Renewable power production is becoming a necessity to improve society and overcome the challenges of climate change. In Sweden, large-scale solar PV power is growing year-on-year and today comprises 1 percent of electricity production. Solar power, however, is an intermittent form of electricity production which, whilst being renewable, contributes to increasing grid instability. For the grid to stay in balance, at grid frequency 50 Hz, electricity must be consumed at the time of production. If there is a surplus of production or a sudden decrease in consumption, the frequency will deviate from the nominal value. When introducing larger quantities of intermittent power production, the power system inertia decreases, and the frequency becomes prone to deviate. To combat this, the Swedish TSO Svenska Kraftnät procures ancillary services which aid the grid when needed. For solar PV power to be able to contribute to these marketplaces, a battery storage solution system (BESS) is utilized. This thesis aimed to investigate the economic feasibility of co-locating a solar photovoltaic (PV) park with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and to determine the optimal size of the BESS. The study utilized a linear optimization model to simulate the operation of a 14 MW solar PV park with different sizes of BESS ranging from 1 MWh to 14 MWh. The analysis considered the revenue generated by providing different services to the electricity grid, such as energy arbitrage and frequency regulation. The results indicate that co-locating a solar PV park with a BESS increases revenue, and the optimal BESS size for a 14 MW solar PV park is between 1 and 8 MWh. Above this range, the revenue recedes due to the limitations of the grid connection, which restricts the BESS from participating in the ancillary service markets. The analysis considers the running costs associated with power discharge to the grid and initial BESS investment. The study did not account for ancillary market bids that are not accepted, which could have a significant impact on the revenue generated. The ongoing trend of lowering battery prices could further boost the economic assessment and increase interest in all battery sizes, resulting in larger battery system installations in general.
34

Top-down cost assessment and market regulatory conditions affecting BESS feasibility in the Spanish framework : Exploring the viability of utility-scale stand-alone Battery Energy Storage Systems in Spain

Abelló Sunyer, Pere January 2023 (has links)
This thesis report provides a comprehensive analysis of the regulatory landscape governing Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Spain and offers insights into their operational optimization and economic viability. The study centers on a 40 MW BESS and explores three distinct case studies, each representing varying system durations (one, two, and four hours) and two different electricity price scenarios (2019 and 2022). A techno-economic analysis encompassing all scenarios concludes the investigation. The research findings reveal that BESS projects can be financially lucrative when operating under the 2022 scenario, particularly when participating in Spain's Wholesale and Secondary Regulation service (aFRR) markets. Notably, as the system duration increases, project profitability also rises, with Net Present Values (NPVs) amounting to 29.6 M€, 50.4 M€, and 80.6 M€ for one-hour, two-hour, and four-hour BESS durations, respectively. However, this trend is not consistent, as observed in the 2019 scenario, where the opposite holds true due to significantly lower prices in both Wholesale and Secondary Regulation service markets, resulting in negative NPVs that increase with longer BESS durations (specifically, -3.3 M€, -6.9 M€, and -17.7 M€ for one-hour, two-hour, and four-hour BESS durations, respectively). In terms of optimal dispatching strategy, the study identifies consistent patterns across all case studies and scenarios. The BESS prioritizes participation in the Secondary Regulation service due to its higher remuneration compared to arbitrage activities in the Wholesale market. Despite Spain's efforts to promote the adoption of BESS technologies, several barriers exist that could impede their deployment. Key challenges include the absence of Capacity Markets (CM), restrictions on BESS participation in technical constraints and black-start markets, and the lack of remunerated markets for Frequency Control Reserve (FCR) and voltage control. In summary, this study highlights the need for a more investor-friendly environment characterized by greater revenue stream certainty and streamlined administrative processes. / Denna avhandling ger en omfattande analys av den reglerande landskapskontexten som styr batterilagringssystem (BESS) i Spanien och ger insikter om deras drifts- och ekonomiska livskraft. Studien fokuserar på en 40 MW BESS och utforskar tre olika fallstudier, var och en representerar varierande systemtider (en, två och fyra timmar) och två olika elprisscenarier (2019 och 2022). En teknisk-ekonomisk analys som omfattar alla scenarier avslutar undersökningen. Forskningsresultaten visar att BESS-projekt kan vara ekonomiskt lönsamma när de verkar enligt 2022-scenariot, särskilt när de deltar i Spaniens grossist- och sekundärregleringstjänst (aFRR) marknader. Inte minst ökar lönsamheten i projektet när systemtiden förlängs, med nuvärdet (NPV) uppgår till 29,6 M€, 50,4 M€ och 80,6 M€ för BESS-varaktigheter på en timme, två timmar respektive fyra timmar. Denna trend är dock inte konsekvent, som observerats i 2019-scenariot, där motsatsen gäller på grund av betydligt lägre priser både på grossist- och sekundärregleringsmarknaderna, vilket resulterar i negativa NPV-värden som ökar med längre BESS-varaktigheter (specifikt -3,3 M€, -6,9 M€ och -17,7 M€ för BESS-varaktigheter på en timme, två timmar respektive fyra timmar). När det gäller optimal distributionsstrategi identifierar studien liknande mönster i alla fallstudier och scenarier. BESS prioriterar deltagande i sekundärregleringstjänsten på grund av dess högre ersättning jämfört med arbitrageaktiviteter på grossistmarknaden. Trots Spaniens ansträngningar att främja antagandet av BESS-teknologier finns det flera hinder som kan hämma deras utrullning. Viktiga utmaningar inkluderar frånvaron av kapacitetsmarknader (CM), begränsningar för BESS-deltagande i tekniska begränsningar och svartstartmarknader, samt avsaknaden av marknader med ersättning för frekvensreglering (FCR) och spänningsreglering. Sammanfattningsvis belyser denna studie behovet av en mer investerarvänlig miljö präglad av större säkerhet i intäktsströmmar och förenklade administrativa processer.
35

Automated BESS Test for Diagnosis of Post- Concussive Symptoms using Microsoft Kinect

Dave, Paarth T. January 2014 (has links)
The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test is a commonly used tool for assessing static postural stability after concussion that quantifies compensatory arm, eye and trunk movements. However, since it is scored by clinician observation, it is potentially susceptible to biased and inaccurate test scores. It is further limited by the need for properly trained clinicians to simultaneously administer, score and interpret the test. Such personnel may not always be available when concussion testing is needed such as at amateur sporting events or in military field situations. In response, we are creating a system to automatically administer and score the BESS in field conditions. The system is based on the Microsoft Kinect, which is an inexpensive commodity motion capture system originally developed for gaming applications. The Kinect can be interfaced to a custom-programmed laptop computer in order to quantitatively measure patient posture compensations for preventing balance loss such as degree of hip abduction/flexion, heel lift, and hand movement. By (a) removing the need for an adequately trained clinician, and (b) using rugged off-the-shelf system components, it will be possible to administer concussion assessments outside of standard clinical settings. Future work will determine whether the system can reduce score variability between clinicians. / Bioengineering
36

Power Flow Modeling And Analysis Of A Green Seaport Power System

Zapata, Alejandra 01 June 2024 (has links) (PDF)
Indonesia has committed to achieving Net-Zero emissions by 2060, signaling a significant shift towards sustainability, which includes impactful initiatives such as the implementation of Green Seaports. This thesis focuses on designing and developing a model for a proposed Green Seaport power system and the subsequent performance of power flow analysis under various operating conditions. The model, constructed using MATLAB Simulink, underwent extensive testing and analysis, with a specific emphasis on the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operating modes, including individual charging, discharging, and simultaneous charging and discharging. This comprehensive investigation and analysis, involving 62 separate simulations, evaluated the impact of variations in solar irradiance, BESS state of charge (SoC), load levels, and power factor on the system across each BESS operating mode. The results conclusively demonstrated that the designed system is healthy, enabling reliable electricity delivery with minimal losses, maintaining stable voltage levels within acceptable limits, and operating efficiently with minimal instances of component overloading.
37

Simulering och analys av implementering för elflygplan vid flygplats

Lilja, Asker January 2024 (has links)
As society proceeds to advance and rely more and more on electricity, the number of high power solutions are on the rise for all types of industries. One industry where this is prolificis in the charging industry which has increasing demands coming from across the transport sector. In this thesis the objective is to unveil the growing need of high power charging solutions in electric aviation and how these implementations should be faced at an airport. Turnaround time for airplanes is crucial to keep low and with this comes the need of powerful electrical infrastructure. The increase of nationwide fast charging infrastructure and power-hungry industries takes a large toll on the regional and nationwide electrical grid. To analyze this problem in the thesis, a battery energy storage system and photovoltaic system are put into action and their impact is simulated in MATLABs Simulink. Results are gathered and the positive peak shaving capabilities for this potential solution is clear. Results also show a substantial increase to the total power consumed by the airport as fast charging is introduced for electrical airplanes. It also showed how well a battery energy storage system pairs with a photovoltaic system. Furthermore, the photovoltaic system works well with supplying both the airport infrastructure as well as the battery storage system with residual electricity. Another aspect of a photovoltaic system lies in its reflective properties, which can blind both pilots and other personnel. Therefore it is important that location for the photovoltaic system is well thought out to ensure safety at the airport. In future research a more detailed and complex simulation model would be recommended to have more reliable results.
38

Communication Interfaces for Mobile Battery Energy Storage Applications / Kommunikationsgränssnitt för mobila batteri-energi lösningar

Bonetti, Alessandro January 2023 (has links)
In the midst of the green energy transition, the need for flexible grid solutions is growing. One of the most desired and suitable flexible solutions are Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), in both stationary and mobile applications. The faster response times and flexible service capability of the BESS enables the introduction of variable renewable energy sources, along with replacing the needs for traditionally fossil fuel-powered temporary applications. To take full advantage of BESS and its flexibility, the unit requires integration into the modern interconnected smart grid, where control and monitoring are of great importance to manage and optimize assets within the smart grid. To ease the control and monitoring aspects, both manufacturers and users must cooperate to understand the common needs and best practices to find a suitable middle ground. Therefore, an interoperable and readily used communication interface shall be agreed upon. Although several attempts at reaching such middle ground have been made over the years, few have gained traction outside of specific use cases. Thus leaving many redundant and complicated proprietary communication solutions, requiring heavy integration work for the manufacturer and user side. This thesis project, carried out at Northvolt Systems, aims to analyze the existing and readily used communication interfaces for a specific set of mobile BESS applications. The analysis is performed by a literature review of typical mobile BESS applications with the identified corresponding communication interfaces. Among the identified interfaces is the IEC 61850 standard, which shows suitability in smart grid applications, enabling interoperability, vendor-independence, and standardization. To provide a real-life analysis of the IEC 61850 benefits and applicability to mobile BESS, an integration of the standard to a Northvolt mobile BESS was performed. The results of the analysis and integration work show that the interoperability, vendor-independence, and standardization enabled from the IEC 61850 standard give large benefits for mobile BESS use cases. Furthermore, gaps in the suitability of the standard were identified. Providing clear suggestions on future work and expansion of the standard to better accommodate the mobile use cases. / I den gröna energiomställningen växer behovet av flexibla nätlösningar. En av de mest önskade och lämpliga flexibla lösningarna är användningen av Batterienergilagring (BESS), i både stationära och mobila applikationer. Genom de snabbare svarstiderna och flexibla användningsförmågarna möjliggör BESS integreringen av variabla förnybara energikällor i kraftsystemet, även genom att ersätta behoven för traditionellt fossilbränsledrivna tillfälliga applikationer. För att dra full nytta av en BESS och dess flexibilitet kräver enheten interaktioner i det moderna sammankopplade smarta nätet. Där kontroll och övervakning är av stor vikt för att hantera och optimera tillgångarna inom det smarta nätet. För att underlätta kontroll- och övervakningsaspekterna måste både tillverkare och användare av BESS samarbeta för att förstå de gemensamma behoven och användningarna för att hitta en lämplig mellanväg. Slutligen för att komma överens om ett driftskompatibelt och lättanvänt kommunikationsgränssnitt. Flertalet försök att nå sådana kompromisser har gjorts genom åren, men ytterst få har slagit igenom utanför dess specifika användningsfall. Därmed finns det många redundanta och komplicerade proprietära kommunikationsgränssnitt som kräver tungt integrationsarbete av både tillverkar- och användarsidan. Detta examensarbete, utfört hos Northvolt Systems, ämnar att analysera de befintliga och använda kommunikationsgränssnitten för mobila BESS-applikationer. Analysen utförs av en litteraturgenomgång av typiska mobila BESS-applikationer för att identifiera motsvarande kommunikationsgränssnitt. Bland de identifierade gränssnitten finns IEC 61850-standarden, som visar lämplighet i smarta nätapplikationer, vilket möjliggör interoperabilitet, leverantörsoberoende och standardisering. För att ge en verklig analys av IEC 61850-fördelarna och tillämplighet hos en mobil BESS utfördes en integration av standarden till ett av Northvolts mobila BESS. Resultatet av analys- och integrationsarbetet visar att IEC 61850-standarden möjliggör interoperabilitet, leverantörsoberoende och standardisering, vilket ger stora fördelar för de mobila BESS-användningsfallen. Vidare identifierades brister i standardens lämplighet. Därtill ges tydliga förslag på framtida arbete och utvidgning av standarden för att tillgodose de mobila användningsfallens kravställningar.
39

Impact of smart EV charging on grid network with PV and BESS : Case study for Hammarby Sjöstad

Khalid, Mutayab January 2021 (has links)
The transition in the transport sector by the integration of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) brings a new challenge for the system operators to ensure the balance between supply and demand. The installation of new EV charges poses a surge in electricity demand in the coming years which jeopardizes the grid reliability and stability. With the new EV policies in place, Sweden will have a huge growth of BEVs and the associated charging infrastructures. The challenges faced by the electricity transmission and distribution will depend on the type and smart capability of the infrastructure. Therefore, research is conducted to analyze the impacts of the mix of public and private residential EV charging and how smart charging can help in mitigating the impacts. This thesis studies the impact of the mix of private residential and public EV chargers on the power network of Hammarby Sjöstad, a neighborhood of Stockholm. Four substations out of 20 corresponding to the areas with the highest proportion in the residential and commercial sectors in the network were chosen for the study and power flow analysis was carried out to analyze the impacts in the year 2025. EV chargers were categorized into public and private residential chargers. The public chargers had rated power of 22 kW each while residential chargers were rated at 3.68 kW each. EVs can behave as energy vectors, and it is possible to optimize their charging as a part of demand-side management which includes peak shaving or shifting. Optimizing EV charging was treated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem to schedule EV charging for both reducing losses and the cost of electricity import from the grid. Two optimization strategies were investigated to analyze their potential to reduce the peaks due to uncontrolled charging. Renewable energy generation from solar PVs integrated with EV chargers reduces the import of electricity from the grid during the day which not only reduced the losses but also the cost of importing electricity from the grid. The effect of intermittency of solar PV generation was reduced by implementing BESS. At low price periods, the BESS was charged using the excess PV power and at higher price periods, the BESS was discharged. Three scenarios were developed, where the Reference scenario refers to the base case without PV and BESS, With PV scenario considered only PV generation while With PVBESS scenario considered the implementation of BESS with PV. Three test cases were simulated for each of the scenarios, and it was found that by the implementation of smart charging, the losses in the network reduce by 35.5% and it also significantly reduced the losses in all the other scenarios. Implementation of smart charging reduced the cost of electricity import from the grid by 4.3%. The integration of PV generation led to a 7% further reduction in the losses and cost of electricity import as compared to the Reference scenario. The integration of BESS increased the losses in the network, but it also enhanced the self-consumption of PV power. The implementation of smart charging not only reduces the losses and costs of import but will lead to savings in grid reinforcement costs. / Övergången inom transportsektorn genom integrering av batteri -elektriska fordon (BEV) medför en ny utmaning för systemoperatörerna att säkerställa balansen mellan utbud och efterfrågan. Installationen av nya elavgifter innebär en kraftig ökning av elbehovet under de kommande åren, vilket äventyrar nätets tillförlitlighet och stabilitet. Med den nya EV -politiken på plats kommer Sverige att ha en enorm tillväxt av BEV och tillhörande ladd infrastrukturer. Utmaningarna för elöverföring och distribution beror på infrastrukturens typ och smarta kapacitet. Därför forskas för att analysera effekterna av blandningen av offentliga och privata EV -laddningar för bostäder och hur smart laddning kan hjälpa till att mildra effekterna. Denna avhandling studerar effekten av blandningen av privata bostäder och offentliga EV -laddare på kraftnätet i Hammarby Sjöstad, en stadsdel i Stockholm. Fyra transformatorstationer av 20 motsvarande de områden med den högsta andelen inom bostads- och kommersiella sektorer i nätet valdes ut för undersökningen och effektflödesanalys utfördes för att analysera effekterna år 2025. EV -laddare kategoriserades offentligt och privata bostadsladdare. De offentliga laddarna hade en nominell effekt på 22 kW vardera medan bostadsladdare var 3,68 kW vardera. Elbilar kan bete sig som energivektorer, och det är möjligt att optimera laddningen som en del av hanteringen på efterfrågesidan som inkluderar topprakning eller växling. Optimering av EV -laddning behandlades som ett blandat heltal linjärt programmeringsproblem (MILP) för att schemalägga EV -laddning för både minskning av förluster och kostnader för elimport från nätet. Två optimeringsstrategier undersöktes för att analysera deras potential att minska topparna på grund av okontrollerad laddning. Förnybar energiproduktion från solcellsanläggningar integrerade med EV -laddare minskar importen av el från nätet under dagen vilket inte bara minskade förlusterna utan också kostnaderna för att importera el från nätet. Effekten av intermittency av solcellsgenerering genererades genom att implementera BESS. Vid lågprisperioder debiterades BESS med överskott av PV -effekt och vid högre prisperioder laddades BESS ur. Tre scenarier utvecklades, där referensscenariot hänvisar till basfallet utan PV och BESS, med PV -scenario endast betraktat PV -generering medan With PVBESS -scenario övervägde implementeringen av BESS med PV. Tre testfall simulerades för vart och ett av scenarierna, och det visade sig att genom implementering av smart laddning minskar förlusterna i nätverket med 35,5% och det minskade också avsevärt i alla andra scenarier. Genomförandet av smart laddning minskade kostnaden för elimport från nätet med 4,3%. Integrationen av PV -produktion ledde till en ytterligare minskning av förlusterna och kostnaderna för elimport med 7% jämfört med referensscenariot. Integrationen av BESS ökade förlusterna i nätet, men det förbättrade också självförbrukningen av PV-kraft. Genomförandet av smart laddning minskar inte bara förluster och kostnader vid import utan leder till besparingar i nätförstärkningskostnader.
40

Implementation of battery energy storage systems in the Swedish electrical infrastructure / Implementering av batterilagringssystem i den svenska elinfrastrukturen

Arnberg, Gustav January 2022 (has links)
Detta examensarbete utreder den tekniska och ekonomiska passbarheten av batterilagringssystem (BESS) inom den svenska el infrastrukturen. Syftet är att konstruera tre olika affärsfall för att representera den tekniska och den ekonomiska passbarheten av BESS inom den svenska el infrastrukturen, specifikt med uppkoppling mot distributionsnätverket på den regionala nivån, 6 kilovolt till 132 kilovolt (kV). Affärsfallen adresserar dem tekniska funktioner och kunder inom infrastrukturen som utifrån en litteraturstudie anses vara dem mest attraktiva att bygga ett affärsfall utifrån. Litteraturstudien utreder den svenska el infrastrukturens struktur samt dess existerande och uppkommande utmaningar. Studien utforskar även hela spektrumet energilagringssystem (ESS) för att rättfärdiga valet av litium-jon BESS. Litium-jon BESS är närmare undersökt, där systemets operativa parametrar samt komponenter är kartlagda. Vidare undersöks dem tekniska funktionernas tekniska krav och ekonomiska incitament i en marknadsanalys. Slutligen utforskas regler och lagar omkring BESS implementering i den svenska el infrastrukturen samt placeringen och de kostnader för att bygga en BESS anläggning. De tre affärfallen som är konstruerade i denna studie är: Kombinationen av frekvensrelaterade nätverksstödtjänster för en fristående BESS-tillgångsoperatör. Avbrottsfri strömtillförsel för ett datacenter. Skala effekttoppar och kombination av frekvensrelaterade nätverksstöddtjänster för en industri. Litium-jon BESS anses vara den mest tillämpliga tekniken på grund av dess snabba responstid, höga effekt- och energidensitet samt skalbarheten för att passa majoriteten av de tekniska funktioner som undersökts inom studien. Affärsfallens ekonomiska passbarhet utvärderas efter två ekonomiska indikatorer, nuvärdesberäkning (NPV) samt återbetalningstiden. Affärsfall nummer tvås tekniska funktion erbjuder ingen möjlighet att generera en inkomst vilket gör att den kommer bli utvärderad efter kostnad för service, där utgifterna är uppdelade utöver projektets livstid genom linjär amortering. Vidare används linjär amortering för att räkna ut kostnaden per kilo sparat CO2 utöver livstiden på projektet. Både affärsfall 1 (NPV= 231,0 MSEK, återbetalningstid= 7,8 år) samt affärsfall 3 (NPV= 17,3 MSEK, återbetalningstid= 8,8 år) visar en lönsamhet där affärsfall 2 ger en kostnad för service mellan 5,4 och 5,8 MSEK/år och där kostnaden per sparat kilo CO2 mellan 20,9 och 22,7 SEK/kg CO2. Denna studie fokuserar på de tre största distributionsnätverksoperatorerna (DNO) inom distributionsnätverket på en regional nivå: Vattenfall, Eon och Ellevio. Lönsamheten av de undersökta affärsfallen är starkt kopplade till placeringsområde inom nätverket, spänningsnivån och typ av DNO. Möjlighet att koppla upp BESS till en existerande transformatorstation på anläggningen för affärsfall två och tre minskar investeringskostnaden samt driftkostnaderna vilket vidare förbättrar dess lönsamhet. Affärsfall ett behöver gå igenom en noggrann bedömning för att försäkra sig om lönsamheten. NPV samt återbetalningstiden kan påverkas i affärsfall ett och tre på grund av den ständigt förändrande frekvensregleringsmarknaden där priserna är volatila på grund av nya marknadsinitiativ. Att konstruera ett BESS affärsfall medför att flertalet osäkerheter bör räknas in, såsom de ekonomiska incitamenten som inte visar någon garanti på att vara fortsatt lönsamt. Det höga priset på litium-jon batterier saktar ner attraktiviteten av affärsfallen och måste vidare sjunka för att främja ett lönsamt affärsfall. Andra ESS som flödesbatterier och vätgaslagringssystem visar god passbarhet att bli implementerad i den svenska el infrastrukturen men måste vidare utveckla sin tekniska och kommersiella mognadsgrad innan dem kan vara konkurrenskraftiga med litium-jon BESS.  Examensarbetet är utfört i samarbete med Omexom Infratek Sverige AB med målet att bidra till en större förståelse av BESS roll i den svenska el infrastrukturen och vidare bidra till att konstruera ett tekniskt erbjudande för Omexom Infratek Sverige AB. / This master thesis investigates the technical and economic feasibility of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the Swedish electrical infrastructure. The aim is to construct three business cases to represent the technical and economic feasibility of BESS implementation in the Swedish electrical infrastructure in the distribution network on the regional level, 6 kilovolts to 132 kilovolts (kV). The business cases address the technical functions and customers within the infrastructure that is recognized through a literature study to build the most attractive and incentivized business cases from. The literature study investigates the Swedish electrical infrastructure’s structure and its existing and upcoming challenges. It investigates the spectrum of energy storage systems (ESS) to justify the choice of the lithium-ion (Li-ion) BESS. The Li-ion BESS is closer examined, where the systems operational parameters and components are mapped out. Furthermore, the technical functions technical requirements and economic incentives are investigated in a market analysis. Lastly, considerations regarding regulations and permits, the placement of BESS within the infrastructure and its surrounding costs is evaluated. The three business cases that are constructed within the thesis are:  Combination of frequency related grid support services for a standalone BESS asset operator. Uninterruptable power supply for a data center. Peak shaving and a combination of frequency related grid support services for an industrial plant.  The, Li-ion BESS is considered to most applicable technology due its fast response time, high power and energy density and scalability to suit the majority of technical functions investigated in the thesis. The business cases economic feasibility is evaluated after two economic indicators, the net present value (NPV) and the payback period. Business case two’s technical function offers no possible revenues and is evaluated as a cost for service where the expenses is divided throughout the project lifetime through linear amortization and the cost per saved kg CO2 is calculated over the lifetime of the BESS. Both business case 1 (NPV= 231.0 MSEK, payback period= 7.8 years) and case 3 (NPV=17.3 MSEK, payback period= 8.8 years) show profitability where business case 2 gives a cost per service between 5.4 and 5.8 MSEK/year and cost per saved kg CO2 between 20.9 and 22.7 SEK/kg CO2.  This thesis focuses on the three largest distribution network operators (DNO) in the distribution network on a regional level: Vattenfall, Eon, and Ellevio. The profitability of the business cases investigated are strongly connected to the location in the network, the voltage connection level, and the type of DNO. Being able to connect to an existing substation on site as for business cases 2 and 3 will lower the capital and operational costs and further improve the profitability. Business case 1 needs a thorough assessment of placement in the electrical infrastructure in Sweden to assure profitability. The NPV and payback period in business cases 1 and 3 could conflict with the interchanging frequency regulation market where prices are rather volatile due to new market initiatives. Therefore, looking forward, building a BESS business case to be implemented comes with lots of uncertainties as the economic incentives shows no guarantee to continuously be profitable. The high price of Li-ion batteries is slowing down the attractiveness of the business cases and need to further decrease to promote profitable business cases. Other ESS technologies as flow batteries and hydrogen storage systems show good applicability to be implemented in the Swedish electrical infrastructure but needs to develop its technical and commercial maturity until it can become competitive with Li-ion BESS.  The master thesis is performed in conjunction with Omexom Infratek Sverige AB with the aim to contribute to a broader understanding of the role of BESS in the Swedish electrical infrastructure and to help building BESS technical offers for Omexom Infratek Sverige AB.

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