1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with legal issues related to beekeeping and bee protection. The beekeeping legislation in Czech Republic is not regulated in just one comprehensive legal act but consists of many partial provisions that can be found in a large number of various acts and decrees. The fragmentation of the beekeeping legislation is its biggest shortcoming and causes, that beekeepers are unable to get proper knowledge of the issue. It is necessary to ensure that all beekeepers are informed as best as possible of their rights and obligations, so that the legislation is followed in practice. Reader of this thesis is being presented with a detailed legal analysis of the most important provisions concerning beekeeping which is also here and there accompanied with ideas de lege ferenda. This diploma thesis is divided into five parts, which are further subdivided into chapters and also into subchapters and lower levels if needed. The first part is divided into two chapters and discusses the history of beekeeping and the beginnings of the development of its legal regulation in the world and in the territory of the Czech state. The second part of this diploma thesis is subdivided into three chapters and deals with the considerations about the possible future extension of the legal regulation which...

Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito de suplementação de zinco, na alimentação de inverno das abelhas, e seus reflexos na glândula hipofaringeana (GH) e conteúdo proteico da geleia real. Para isto, foram utilizadas 12 colmeias (03 colmeias por tratamento) distribuídas de forma aleatória nos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (sem suplementação de Zn), T1 com suplementação de 0,5 mg mL-1 de Zn; T2 com suplementação de 1,0 mg mL-1 de Zn e, T3 com suplementação de 1,5 mg mL-1 de Zn. A fonte de zinco utilizada foi Sulfato de Zinco heptahidratado (20% de zinco), diluído em xarope de açúcar, e fornecido a cada 07 dias para os enxames (500 mL). Para a morfometria da glândula, foram coletadas 20 abelhas de cada tratamento com seis dias de idade (previamente marcadas na região do pronoto), nos meses de junho e julho. As lâminas foram processadas em cortes de resina e analisadas utilizando o software de análise de imagem Leica Qwin Plus®. Mensalmente, foi estimulada a produção de geleia real e a concentração de proteínas totais determinada de acordo com o método do Biureto, sendo posteriormente realizadas as separações eletroforéticas em corrida de primeira e segunda dimensão. Os géis obtidos foram escaneados e as imagens analisadas, utilizando- se o programa Image Master Platinum 7.0. Após calculou-se o número de spots protéicos para cada tratamento. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados por ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a suplementação com o mi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in the winter feeding of bees, and the reflection on hipofaringeana gland (GH) and protein content protein in royal jelly. For this, 12 hives were selected (03 hives for treatment) randomly distributed in the following treatments: control (no supplemental Zn), T1 supplemented with 0.5 mg mL-1 Zn; T2 supplemented with 1.0 mg mL-1 of Zn and T3 supplemented with 1.5 mg mL-1 of Zn. The zinc used was zinc sulfate heptahydrate (20% zinc), diluted in sugar syrup, every 07 days for hives (500ml). For morphometry of the gland were collected 20 bees for treatment with six days of age (previously marked on the pronotum region) in the months of june and july. The laminae were processed in resin cuts and analyzed using image analysis software Leica Qwin Plus®. The royal jelly was stimulated your production monthly in the treatments and full protein concentration determined according to the Biuret method, and subsequently electrophoretic separations performed in the first run and the second dimension. The obtained gels were scanned and the images analyzed using the Image Master Platinum 7.0 software. After it was calculated that the number of protein spots for each treatment. The results were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P <0.05). It was found that supplementation with mineral Zn promoted in the first moment, more development of GH in all treatments; however, this effect disappeared with the passi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Nearly every country in the world has its own history of beekeeping. From the Swiss leaf hive to the Kenyan top bar hive, the number of ways to keep bees is practically limitless. Such diversity allows for a unique opportunity in the field of development. Many development projects are denigrated for relying on the knowledge and generosity of “white saviors.” Many beekeeping projects are the brainchildren of well-meaning people in developed countries looking for a charitable outlet and attempting to use their “superior” knowledge to enlighten and improve the lives of those less fortunate. While these intentions may well be good, expertise in and understanding of local communities and cultures are invaluable to any development project.

In my diploma thesis I deal with agricultural, economic and ecological importance of beekeeping, based on observing the work of three beekeepers with different numbers of bee colonies. First I'm describing the importance of beekeeping, especially pollination, which represents economic benefits that include a variety of financial aid for beekeepers. A non-economic benefit involves mainly beekeeper's work during a year and the time spent with bees. The practical part of the work includes the assessment of financial and time requirements of the observed beekeepers' activities. The first beekeeper keeps eight bee colonies near the region of Kájov. The second beekeeper keeps fifty-five colonies at three different sites in the district of Český Krumlov. The sites are placed at distance of a few tens of kilometres. He is also engaged in keeping certified mothers and bee unions for sale. The third beekeeper has one hundred and eighty colonies which are located at four sites in the district of Český Krumlov within a radius of roughly eighteen kilometres. I have become familiar with the work of these three beekeepers, the economic results from the products obtained and costs used, and the time required by working with bees.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-04T17:43:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ OZILDO DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 6551472 bytes, checksum: f5b255208132a5bb48d27b5b463ab703 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-04T17:43:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ OZILDO DOS SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2015..pdf: 6551472 bytes, checksum: f5b255208132a5bb48d27b5b463ab703 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / A chamada Apicultura moderna começou a se desenvolver a partir do século XVIII. No entanto, o consumo do mel é algo que remonta ao período Paleolítico Superior. As pinturas rupestres de Zimbábue, mais precisamente aquela localizada no pequeno abrigo de Toghawana Dam, possuindo quase 10.000 anos, são, até o presente, o mais antigo registro da coleta do mel de abelha promovida pelo homem. No antigo Egito, cerca de vinte e quatro séculos antes de Cristo, a Apicultura já era uma atividade muito comum. Várias representações datadas daquela época e encontradas no Templo ao Sol, em Abu Gourab, mostram cenas onde aparecem homens promovendo a extração e o armazenamento do mel. Se a Apicultura entre os egípcios ganhou forma, no mundo grego ela foi objeto dos primeiros tratados científicos. Xenofonte, Aristóteles e Hipócrates dedicaram longas páginas às abelhas e ao mel, enquanto produto alimentar e medicamento. Os gregos também produziram excelentes bebidas a partir do mel, apresentando-o como sendo ‘o néctar dos deuses’. No mundo árabe, o destaque para a Apicultura foi relevante nas obras produzidas por Avicena, cujos compêndios médicos foram utilizados na Europa até o século XVIII. Contudo, foi a partir do Império romano que a Apicultura - enquanto atividade econômica - passou a ser estimulada, principalmente, pela necessidade de se produzir velas, a partir da cera apícola. Diante desta necessidade e da importância medicinal dada ao mel, a Apicultura [com suas novas técnicas de manejo] se expandiu por todos os reinos conquistados pelos romanos, fato que assinalou o início da chamada Apicultura Moderna. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo promover uma abordagem sobre a evolução histórica da Apicultura em seus primórdios. / The so-called modern Beekeeping began to develop from the eighteenth century. However, the honey consumption is something that goes back to the Upper Paleolithic period. The cave paintings of Zimbabwe, more precisely the one located in the small shelter Toghawana Dam, owning nearly 10,000 years are, to date, the earliest record of man promoted by bee honey collection. In ancient Egypt, about twenty-four centuries before Christ, the Beekeeping was already a very common activity. Several representations dated at that time and found in the Temple of the Sun in Abu Gourab show scenes where men appear promoting the extraction and storage of honey. If Beekeeping among the Egyptians took shape in the Greek world it was the first scientific treatises object. Xenophon, Aristotle and Hippocrates devoted long pages to bees and honey, as a food product and medicine. The Greeks also produced excellent drinks from honey, presenting it as ‘the nectar of the gods'. In the Arab world, especially the Beekeeping was relevant in the works produced by Avicenna, whose medical textbooks have been used in Europe until the eighteenth century. However, it was from the Roman Empire to the Beekeeping - while economic activity - has to be stimulated mainly by the need to produce candles from bee wax. Faced with this necessity and importance given to medicinal honey, beekeeping [with its new management techniques] expanded by all the kingdoms conquered by the Romans, a fact that marked the beginning of the call Beekeeping Modern. This work aims to promote an approach to the historical evolution of Beekeeping in its infancy.

Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-05T13:31:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ RIVAMAR DE ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1568023 bytes, checksum: dcdd1eaa421ad9f09a4f7e8e1fbcdf81 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T13:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ RIVAMAR DE ANDRADE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2017..pdf: 1568023 bytes, checksum: dcdd1eaa421ad9f09a4f7e8e1fbcdf81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A apicultura é uma área que contem um saber específico, através das suas terminologias, e que é compartilhado por biólogos, apicultores, técnicos da área, instituições que se utilizam dela para sua sobrevivência e que se preocupam com as questões ambientais, bem como com a produção de alimentos que a polinização pode proporcionar. A presente dissertação manifesta através do Dicionário de Apicultura, representa o repertório de léxicos apícolas técnico-científicos que permeiam a ciência, a prática da Apicultura, o cotidiano da humanidade. De forma sucinta, apresentam-se considerações sobre os avanços tecnológicos da Apicultura, bem como, transitando pelo marco introdutório das abelhas africanas no Brasil, observando a importância da apicultura racional e sua relação com a sustentabilidade. Em segundo momento, elucidam-se conceitos sobre o léxico, a importância da definição referentes aos termos técnico-científicos e um embasamento pragmático sobre o enquadramento e a tipologia do Dicionário de Apicultura. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, dentro do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Sistemas Agroindustriais – PPGSA, denominado de Mestrado em Sistemas Agroindustriais, com objetivo de identificar e descrever terminologias próprias à Apicultura, termos técnico-científicos delimitados através da teoria da semasiologia e onomasiologia, delimitando os conceitos referentes a cada palavra. O corpus deu-se a partir da seleção e catalogação de termos apícolas, utilizados em bibliografias específicas da área, dentre as quais: livros, revistas, periódicos, anais. Assim, encontram-se reunidos nesta dissertação a condensação do conhecimento sistemático da Apicultura na forma de Dicionário. / Beekeeping is an area that has a specific knowledge through its terminology and is shared by biologists, beekeepers, technicians in the area, institutions that use it for their survival and that are concerned with environmental issues, as well as with the Production that pollination can provide. The present dissertation, through the Dictionary of Apiculture, represents the repertoire of technical-scientific apicultural lexicons that permeate science, the practice of Apiculture, the daily life of humanity. Briefly, we present some considerations about the technological advances of Beekeeping, as well as the introduction of African bees in Brazil, observing the importance of rational beekeeping and its relation to sustainability. Secondly, concepts about the lexicon, the importance of the definition referring to technical-scientific terms and a pragmatic basis on the framing and typology of the Dictionary of Apiculture are elucidated. This research was developed at the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus Pombal/PB, within the Postgraduate Program in Agroindustrial Systems - PPGSA, named Master in Agroindustrial Systems, with the objective of identifying and describing beekeeping terminology, technical and scientific terms Delimited through the theory of semasiology and onomasiology, delimiting the concepts referring to each word. The corpus was based on the selection and cataloging of apicultural terms, used in specific bibliographies of the area, among which: books, magazines, periodicals, annals. Thus, we find in this dissertation the condensation of the systematic knowledge of Apiculture in the form of Dictionary.

The thesis is aimed on the present state of beekeeping in Vimperk area. Main source of informations consists of questionnaire investigation among beekeepers in each beekeeper society in the area. There are five beekeeper societies in Čkyně, Stachy, Šumavské Hoštice, Vacov and Vimperk. The Vimperk beekeeper society, its history and each beekeepers stand are in particular documented. Literary review consists of apiculture history and its significance in the Czech Republic, and the history of beekeeping societies. Also information about support of apiculture and elementary beekeeper terms in relation with the questionnaire supplement the results of the research

The diploma thesis summarizes the current legislation regarding beekeeping in the Czech Republic. The thesis aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the legal regulations of beekeeping. The thesis itself is divided into two chapters. The former chapter describes the beekeeping legislation from the point of view of the private law and the latter from the point of view of the public law. The centerpiece law regarding the first chapter is the Civil Code. The Civil Code contains the adjustment of nuisance, neighbourly relations, swarm legislation and damages. From the public law standards, beekeeping is affected by the Law on Veterinary Care, the Phytosanitary Care Act, the Breeding Act, the Food Law, the Income Tax Act, the Law on Damages from Specially Protected Animals, and many others. The Veterinary Care Act, together with the implementing legislation, sets out procedures for combating honeybee diseases and the conditions for traveling with bees. The Phytosanitary Act contains provisions under which bees are protected from the effects of the use of substances viewed as threatening to them. The Food Act and subsequent decrees contain a definition of honey. The breeding law sets the rules for the record keeping of bee colonies. The Income Tax Act exempts beekeepers who have fewer...

SONESA: 薩爾瓦多養蜂業產品製造及外銷之商業企劃書 / Beekeeping is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. In order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly). The beekeeping dates to 15,00 years ago; efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. The Beekeeping has evolved, into what we know now a day, a worldwide industry. Studies had allowed us to have more than one use for the honey on our daily life. The Worldwide Honey market is prognosticated to reach 1.9 million tons by 2015. Most of the consumers are in Europe Countries, having China as the biggest producer with 26% of the worldwide production, EU with 13% followed by US with 5% the rest is divided among other countries. Due the constant growth of the Honey Industry new countries had come into the picture. Creating new products distinctive from the regions of origin. Using the honey from beauty products to High Organic Quality Honey made of a specific plant blossom, with different properties and flavor. Among the new countries into the Honey Market we can find El Salvador, where new treats had been design to boost the export from these countries and help in the inner production. This paper proposes, taking the already existing business platform the export honey business, to introduce a new product into the existing markets. This product will come from Mango´s Trees and Coffee Bean´s Tree Blossom, creating a unique type of honey. In which thanks to the weather condition in El Salvador it´s possible to have a constant year production. The present’s trends in the Honey market are the best in order to get in the picture, between the Honey producers in the worldwide market. Maintain the “Know How” to produce a High Quality Organic Honey, which will guarantee a long run success in the honey market sustainability of business model.

Submitted by MARCELA PEDRAZA CARRILLO null (mah_pedraza@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-19T00:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoMarcelaCarrillo com ficha.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-19T19:02:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carrillo_mp_me_bot.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T19:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carrillo_mp_me_bot.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito de suplementação de zinco, na alimentação de inverno das abelhas, e seus reflexos na glândula hipofaringeana (GH) e conteúdo proteico da geleia real. Para isto, foram utilizadas 12 colmeias (03 colmeias por tratamento) distribuídas de forma aleatória nos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (sem suplementação de Zn), T1 com suplementação de 0,5 mg mL-1 de Zn; T2 com suplementação de 1,0 mg mL-1 de Zn e, T3 com suplementação de 1,5 mg mL-1 de Zn. A fonte de zinco utilizada foi Sulfato de Zinco heptahidratado (20% de zinco), diluído em xarope de açúcar, e fornecido a cada 07 dias para os enxames (500 mL). Para a morfometria da glândula, foram coletadas 20 abelhas de cada tratamento com seis dias de idade (previamente marcadas na região do pronoto), nos meses de junho e julho. As lâminas foram processadas em cortes de resina e analisadas utilizando o software de análise de imagem Leica Qwin Plus®. Mensalmente, foi estimulada a produção de geleia real e a concentração de proteínas totais determinada de acordo com o método do Biureto, sendo posteriormente realizadas as separações eletroforéticas em corrida de primeira e segunda dimensão. Os géis obtidos foram escaneados e as imagens analisadas, utilizando- se o programa Image Master Platinum 7.0. Após calculou-se o número de spots protéicos para cada tratamento. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados por ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a suplementação com o mineral Zn promoveu, em um primeiro momento, maior desenvolvimento da GH em todos os tratamentos; entretanto, este efeito desapareceu nos meses seguintes, sugerindo modulação na fisiologia ou toxicidade deste mineral para as abelhas. Com relação ao extrato protéico da geleia real, observou-se maior valor no mês julho para o T3. Por outro lado, o número de spots protéicos foi significativamente maior em todos os meses e tratamentos, em relação ao controle. Conclui-se que o zinco pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da glândula hipofaringeana e enriquecimento protéico da geleia real. / The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in the winter feeding of bees, and the reflection on hipofaringeana gland (GH) and protein content protein in royal jelly. For this, 12 hives were selected (03 hives for treatment) randomly distributed in the following treatments: control (no supplemental Zn), T1 supplemented with 0.5 mg mL-1 Zn; T2 supplemented with 1.0 mg mL-1 of Zn and T3 supplemented with 1.5 mg mL-1 of Zn. The zinc used was zinc sulfate heptahydrate (20% zinc), diluted in sugar syrup, every 07 days for hives (500ml). For morphometry of the gland were collected 20 bees for treatment with six days of age (previously marked on the pronotum region) in the months of june and july. The laminae were processed in resin cuts and analyzed using image analysis software Leica Qwin Plus®. The royal jelly was stimulated your production monthly in the treatments and full protein concentration determined according to the Biuret method, and subsequently electrophoretic separations performed in the first run and the second dimension. The obtained gels were scanned and the images analyzed using the Image Master Platinum 7.0 software. After it was calculated that the number of protein spots for each treatment. The results were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P <0.05). It was found that supplementation with mineral Zn promoted in the first moment, more development of GH in all treatments; however, this effect disappeared with the passing of months, suggesting modulation in physiology or toxicity of this mineral for the bees. With regard to the protein extract of royal jelly, the higher value was observed in the month July for the T3. Moreover, the number of protein spots was significantly higher in every month and treatments compared to control. It is concluded that zinc can contribute to the development of hipofaringeana gland and protein enrichment of royal jelly. / FAPESP: 2014/14699-9 / CNPq: 161981/2014-3