Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur lärare som undervisar i matematik i årskurs 7-9 använder matematiskt språk i relation till ett vardagligt samt i vilken utsträckning de använder en kombination av de två språken. Studien var kvalitativ och metoderna som använts är observation med efterföljande samtal. Syftet med studien medför att ett lärarperspektiv var givet. De observerade lektionerna och samtalen resulterade i olika kategorier av begrepp vilka sedan resulterade i en teori kring hur lärare använder de olika språken vid genomgångar. Samtliga lärare använde både matematiskt och vardagligt språk vid genomgång medan endast ett fåtal använde språken i kombination. Studien visade att lärare använder sig av både matematiskt och vardagligt språk vid genomgångar med elever, men i varierande grad. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how teachers teaching mathematics in grades 7-9 use mathematical language in relation to a everyday language as well as the extent to which they use a combination of the two. The study was qualitative and the methods used are observation with subsequent conversations. The purpose of the study implies that a teacher's perspective was necessary. The observed lessons and the conversations resulted in different categories of concepts which then resulted in a theory of how teachers use the different languages during the lecture. All the teachers used both mathematical and everyday language during the lecture while only a few used the two languages in combination. The study showed that teachers use both mathematical and everyday language during lectures with students, but in varying extent.

Studien bygger på en interventionsforskning med syfte att tydliggöra att praktiska övningar bidrar till begreppsinlärning hos elever i lågstadiet. Studiens utformning bestod av en undervisningssekvens innehållande en förkunskapskoll, en praktisk övning, en genomgång med diskussion, följt av ytterligare en praktisk övning. Avslutningsvis fick eleverna utvärdera lektionen. Vid genomförandet av interventionen var eleverna indelade i halvklass. Undervisningssekvensen utfördes därför två gånger och totalt medverkade 22 elever från årskurs 3. För att väcka elevernas intresse och engagemang var de praktiska övningarna som utfördes konstruerade på ett lekfullt och lustfyllt sätt. Eleverna fick testa att dra en stol utan och med en person på, samt glida över golvet med och utan strumpor för att tydliggöra fenomenet friktion. De komplement som eleverna fick till de praktiska övningarna var ett protokoll där de skulle skriva i vad de tror skulle hända, vad som hände och varför det hände. Det gjordes en observation under genomförandet av interventionen där en av oss förde löpande protokoll på dator och den andra av oss ansvarade för lektionen. Under de praktiska övningarna gick båda runt i klassrummet och observerade eleverna. Resultatet visar att eleverna kan utöka sin begreppsinlärning med hjälp av praktiska övningar samt vid diskussion, men att fenomenet är komplext och det behövs både mer tid att arbeta med det samt träning för att befästa djupare kunskaper. / The study is based on an intervention research with the aim of clarifying that practical exercises contribute to concept learning for students in primary school. The design of the study consisted of a teaching sequence containing a prior knowledge check, a practical exercise, a review with discussion, followed by another practical exercise. Finally, the students had to evaluate the lesson. At the time of the intervention, the students were divides into half classes. The teaching sequence was therefore performed twice and a total of 22 students from year 3 participated. To arouse the students´ interest and commitment, the practical exercises that were performed were constructed in a playful and fun way. The students had to try to pull a chair without and with a person on, and slide over the floor with and without socks to clarify the phenomenon of friction. The complement that the students received to the practical exercises was a protocol where they would write in what they thought would happen, what happened and why it happened. An observation was made during the implementation of the intervention where one of us kept notes on the computer and the other of us was responsible for the lesson. During the practical exercises, both walked around the classroom and observed the students. The results show that students can expand their concept learning with the help of practical exercises and in discussion, but that the phenomenon is complex, and it takes both more time to work with it and training to consolidate deeper knowledge.

The aim of conducting the following research is to observe how teachers in upper secondary school create conditions for developing disciplinary literacy in social science. Additionally, the aim is to examine how teachers reflect upon their practices regarding pupils’ development of disciplinary literacy. In order to carry out the aim of the research overview, two research questions were constructed. The theoretical foundation of the research consists of Vygotsky’s socio-cultural perspective, which includes the concepts mediation, appropriation, scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development. Furthermore, Bloom’s Taxonomy of Cognitive Learning Objectives was used in order to provide a cognitive perspective. Research on disciplinary literacy, mainly that of Shanahan and Shanahan, combined with social science research formed an additional framework for analysis. The data consists of both qualitative, semi-structured interviews with two social science teachers and collected teaching material. Consequently, a qualitative content analysis was conducted using the aforementioned theoretical framework. Results show that teachers consider perspective-taking an essential ability in social science and that the development of disciplinary literacy is a linear progression from simpler, factual concepts to complex, analytical concepts. Further, social science is characterized by its large content-specific vocabulary. In addition, teachers experience that pupils struggle with scientific reading and writing, which are skills that are viewed as essential. The chosen didactic methods of the teachers include authentic texts and examples, and content-specific vocabulary was viewed as a key component for developing disciplinary literacy. With the zone of proximal development in mind, the teachers consciously challenge the students with more complex material.Finally, the implications of the results are discussed in relation to previous research, the theoretical background and the Swedish curricula for upper secondary school. Lastly, suggestions for future research are discussed.