Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-113).

非自殺性自傷行為（以下簡稱自傷行為）在青少年中是一種常見的但卻令研究者和心理治療師感到困惑的行為。青少年為何會自傷是研究的熱點，但研究者們對該問題仍然沒有獲得確實性的結論。為回答這一問題，本論文提出了一個關於自傷行為發展的整合性模型，其中包括自傷行為的三類風險因子：易感因子，特別誘發因子和保持因子。本研究的第一部分通過一個3期的追蹤研究來測試該模型。為了更詳細的瞭解青少年的自傷行為，本論文還進行了第二部分的訪談研究。 / 在本研究的第一部分中，3,600名青少年（56.6%為女性）完成了關於自傷行為和其他與自傷相關因素的自我報告問卷，問卷分三次進行，每次間隔半年。結果表明自傷行為主要用於情緒調節。情緒反應性，不穩定的自我感和人際關係是自傷作為情緒調節工具的易感因素。行為衝動性，自我批評和同伴影響會特別誘發青少年的自傷行為。另外，負面情緒/想法和行為衝動性令青少年持續自傷。 / 在本研究的第二部分中，42名有反復性自傷行為的青少年參與了結構性訪談。參加者同樣將情緒調節作為自傷的最主要原因。負面情緒通常出現在自傷前和自傷過程中，正面情緒和自我覺知的負面情緒通常出現在自傷後。自傷後負面情緒顯著下降表明自傷成功完成了情緒調節作用。自傷後，青少年傾向于尋求朋友的幫助。 / 這些發現有助我們增強對青少年自傷行為發展的理解，也對診斷和治療自傷行為提供了重要的啟示。 / Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common and perplexing behavior among adolescents. The question why adolescents engage in this self-destructive behavior is a hotly-studied topic, yet conclusive answers to this question have not been reached. To address this question, this dissertation proposed an integrative model of the development of NSSI. In this model, three types of risk factors: predisposing factors, specific vulnerability factors and maintaining factors for NSSI were examined. In Part 1 of this dissertation, a 3-wave longitudinal design was used to test this model. To understand adolescents’ experience of NSSI in more details, Part 2 of this dissertation reported findings from structured interviews conducted with selected repetitive self-injurers. / In Part 1 of this dissertation, 3,600 adolescents (56.6% females) completed self-report questionnaires assessing NSSI and a comprehensive set of NSSI correlates for three waves over one and a half years. Results showed that NSSI mostly served the emotion regulation function. Emotion over-reactivity, unstable sense of self and relationship problems predisposed adolescents to adopt NSSI as an emotion regulation strategy. Behavioral impulsivity, self-criticism and peer influence served as specific vulnerability factors for NSSI. Unwanted emotions/thoughts and behavioral impulsivity also contributed to the maintenance of NSSI. / In Part 2 of this dissertation, 42 repetitive self-injurers completed individual structured interviews assessing their lived experience of NSSI. Participants again rated emotion regulation to be their primary reason for engaging in NSSI. Negative affects often occurred before and during NSSI, while positive and self-conscious negative affects often followed after NSSI. Negative affects significantly decreased after NSSI, suggesting that NSSI successfully accomplished the emotion regulation function. After NSSI, adolescent self-injurers tended to turn to their friends for help. / Findings of this dissertation enhanced our understanding of the development of NSSI among community adolescents. Conceptual and clinical implications of these findings were discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / You, Jianing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-136). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledge --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.viii / Overview --- p.1 / Chapter Part 1: --- Tracking the Developmental Trajectories of Nonsuicidal Self-injury among Chinese Adolescents --- p.3 / Introduction --- p.3 / Method --- p.19 / Results --- p.31 / Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter Part 2: --- Lived Experience of Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Chinese Adolescents --- p.87 / Introduction --- p.87 / Method --- p.90 / Results --- p.93 / Discussion --- p.114 / General Discussion --- p.121 / References --- p.128

Homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) são uma população desproporcionalmente mais afligidos pela infecção do HIV. A alta prevalência da infecção entre essa população, evidencia a necessidade de acompanhar novos comportamentos, no qual se destaca o uso das redes sociais móveis para agilizar o ato sexual ocasional. Assim, nosso estudo teve como objetivo analisar as vulnerabilidades de homens que fazem sexo com homens, usuários de aplicativos geossociais de encontro, à infecção por HIV. Para isso foram realizadas duas etapas sequenciais: 1ª- Revisão integrativa da literatura e 2ª - Estudo descritivo e exploratório. A pesquisa obedeceu as diretrizes éticas sobre pesquisas com seres humanos, reguladas pela resolução 466/12 e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto /USP (1.921.265/2017). A revisão foi guiada pela questão: o uso de aplicativos de geossociais de encontro para encontrar parceiros sexuais aumenta o comportamento de risco para a infecção pelo HIV por HSH? Pesquisamos as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL e LILACS, considerando estudos primários publicados até dezembro de 2015, sem restrições de tempo. O conhecimento sintetizado guiou a estruturação e interpretação da próxima etapa. O estudo exploratório objetivou avaliar o conhecimento de homens que fazem sexo com homens usuários de aplicativo de encontro baseado em geolocalização, sobre o HIV/aids e implicações no estabelecimento de parcerias. Realizou-se entrevistas com 30 usuários do Hornet® recrutados no aplicativo pela técnica Time-Location Sampling (TLS). Os depoimentos gerados tiveram tratamento estatístico no software IRaMuTeQ, posteriormente analisados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. A coleta de dados foi propiciada pela TLS modificada a realidade virtual. Na coleta de dados utilizouse a técnica Computer-Assisted Interview (CASI). A coleta foi realizada por dois pesquisadores devidamente treinados, que se registraram no aplicativo para ter acesso aos usuários e criaram um perfil público. Foram abordados os primeiros usuários online, que registraram em seu perfil o status sorológico atual para o HIV/aids. Usuários de aplicativos possuem conhecimento insuficiente sobre medidas de prevenção do HIV/aids, principalmente quando se descarta o preservativo masculino. O sexo com os parceiros encontrados por meio de aplicativos foi caracterizado como ocasional, imediato, desprotegido, associado ao uso de drogas e sem informações sobre o status de HIV dos parceiros. As relações estabelecidas pelos aplicativos revelam novos padrões de comportamento e relacionamento, colocando HSH frente a situações com alto risco de infecção pelo HIV e diferentes formas de proteção, que podem ocorrer simultaneamente / Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a population disproportionately more afflicted by HIV infection. The high prevalence of infection among this population evidences the need to follow new behaviors, in which the use of mobile social networks is emphasized to accelerate the occasional sexual act. Thus, our study aimed to analyze the vulnerabilities of men who have sex with men, users of geossocial applications against HIV infection. For this, two sequential steps were performed: 1st - Integrative literature review and 2nd - Descriptive and exploratory study. The research obeyed the ethical guidelines on research with human beings, regulated by resolution 466/12 and approved by the Committee of Ethics and Research of the School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto/USP (1.921.265/2017). The review was guided by the question: does using geossocial dating applications to find sexual partners increase the risk behavior for HIV infection by MSM? We searched the databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and LILACS, considering primary studies published until December 2015, without time restrictions. The synthesized knowledge guided the structuring and interpretation of the next step. The exploratory study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of men who have sex with men using geolocation-based dating software, about HIV/aids and implications for establishing partnerships. Interviews were conducted with 30 Hornet® users recruited in the application using the Time-Location Sampling (TLS) technique. The statements generated had statistical treatment in the IRaMuTeQ software, later analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification. The data collection was provided by the modified TLS virtual reality. The Computer-Assisted Interview (CASI) technique was used for data collection. The collection was performed by two properly trained researchers, who registered in the application to have access to the users and created a public profile. The first online users, who recorded the current HIV/aids serological status in their profile, were discussed. Application users have insufficient knowledge about HIV/aids prevention measures, especially when discarding the male condom. Sex with partners found through applications was characterized as casual, immediate, unprotected, associated with drug use, and without information about partners\' HIV status. The relationships established by the applications reveal new patterns of behavior and relationships, placing MSM in situations of high risk of HIV infection and different forms of protection, which may occur simultaneously

O objetivo desse trabalho foi investigar a atividade sexual dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de valvopatia e compreender as repercussões emocionais desses dois eventos. Para sua realização foram convidados funcionários e pacientes dos hospitais Instituto do Coração, localizado na cidade de São Paulo e Cirurgia em Aracaju no Estado de Sergipe. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 35 sujeitos portadores de valvopatia de ambos os sexos, entre 20 e 45 anos, que tinham sido submetidos apenas a uma cirurgia de correção dessa enfermidade, alfabetizados e que não tinham apresentado disfunção sexual antes da cirurgia. Foi também realizado um grupo controle com 35 funcionários pertencentes aos hospitais citados e que até o momento da realização da pesquisa não eram portadores de doenças crônicas. Os participantes responderam perguntas sobre atividade sexual e também criaram quatro histórias, a partir da apresentação das imagens contidas nas Pranchas (4, 10, 13HF, 16) do Teste de Apercepção Temática (TAT). Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram, na comparação entre os grupos, para uma presença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05), no grupo de pacientes, da ansiedade como interferência negativa para o desempenho sexual e de medos como não ser aceito e não ter excitação pelo parceiro, além de não satisfazer sexualmente o parceiro. Este grupo também afirmou que houve mudanças nos seus relacionamentos familiares, sociais e amorosos após a cirurgia. O TAT apontou para uma maior intensidade das necessidades emocionais de planejar e manter uma atividade sexual, apoio e afiliação no grupo de pacientes. Sugere-se que, em estudos posteriores, inclua-se o parceiro na amostra a ser pesquisada, uma vez que suas respostas podem complementar os achados do estudo e também se inclua as entrevistas em outros momentos como o pré-cirúrgico, o que contribuirá para uma melhor interpretação na análise da situação-problema. / The objective of this study was to investigate the sexual activity of patients submitted to the surgery of valvopathy and understand the emotional repercussions of these two events. For its realization were invited hospital staff and patients from the hospitals Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo, and Hospital Cirurgia in Aracaju, both located in Brazil. The research sample consisted of 35 citizens of both gender who are affected by a valvopathy, between 20 and 45 years, that had been submitted only to a one surgery of correction of this disease, literate and that they have not presented some sexual dysfunction before the surgery. It also held a control group with 35 employees belonging to the hospitals cited and that until the completion of the research were not carriers of chronic diseases. The participants had answered questions about sexual activity and also created four stories from the presentation of the images contained in plates 4, 10, 13HF and 16 of the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). The research results had pointed, in the comparison between groups, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) presence, in the group of patients, of the anxiety as a negative interference for the sexual performance, and the presence of sexual fears such as not be accepted by the partner, not be excited about the partner, and not sexually satisfy your partner. This group also affirmed that it had changes in its familiar, social and love relationships after the surgery. The TAT pointed a greater intensity of emotional needs to plan and maintain a sexual activity, support and membership in the group of patients. It is suggested that in further studies the partner should be included in the sample to be investigated, since their responses can complement the findings of the study and also includes interviews at other times as the pre-surgical, which must contribute to a better interpretation and analysis of the situation-problem

Feeding behavior is a complex phenomenon involving homeostatic signals, and non-homeostatic inputs such as visual cues. In primates, exposure to food-related sensory cues has been shown to elicit cephalic phase responses as well as trigger central appetitive processing, in a motivationally-dependent manner. Neural structures consistently implicated in such responses and/or in the regulation of ingestive behavior in general, in both monkeys and in humans, include the amygdala, insula, striatum, hypothalamus, and frontal and occipital cortices. In humans however, the cerebral response to visual food stimulation remains minimally explored. / Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides information about state-dependent changes in local neuronal activity in vivo. Using fMRI, the present dissertation examined changes in human brain activity to food and nonfood pictures following the pharmacological induction of hunger with the orexigenic hormone ghrelin (Study 1), and following manipulation of the cognitive state of food expectation (Study 2). / Our data reinforce the involvement of a distributed frontal-limbic-paralimbic circuit in the central processing of food imagery, under both experimental conditions. The first study revealed that intravenous ghrelin administration potently modulated food-associated neural responses III areas involved in reward, motivation, memory, and attention (amygdala, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, midbrain, visual areas). This suggests that metabolic signals such as ghrelin may promote food consumption by enhancing the appetitive response to food cues via engagement of the hedonic network. / The second study revealed that brain regions activated in the 'expectant' state (i.e. when subjects were anticipating food reward) were at least partially dissociable from those in the 'not expectant' state. In particular, recruitment of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a principal component in the cognitive control network, exclusively in the 'not expectant' condition, may signal an attempt to suppress appetite in the absence of food expectation. Areas of convergence were observed in the amygdala and insula. / Obesity is rapidly becoming the major cause of excess mortality worldwide; therefore, understanding how the central nervous system controls appetite and nutrient consumption is of considerable interest. The projects in this thesis offer significant insights regarding the effects two select factors (one intrinsic and the other extrinsic) on the neural reaction to visual food stimuli, in healthy male participants.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-125). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Management and Information Systems. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-149).

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-93). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Human resources management))-University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.