Diplomová práce se zabývá aplikací Balanced Scorecard (BSC)ve společnosti Řetězárna a.s. Balanced Scorecard je klíčový manažerský systém, který převádí firemní poslání a strategie do uceleného souboru měřítek výkonnosti. Nejprve byla provedena analýza finanční výkonnosti podniku, banchmarkingové srovnání a dále také strategická analýza podniku. Stěžejní část diplomové práce tvoří již samotná implementace BSC. Ta spočívá v přiřazení podnikových strategických cílů a jejich ukazatelů úspěšnosti k jednotlivým perspektivám BSC. Provázanost a kauzalitu podnikových strategických cílů přehledně zobrazuje strategická mapa. Dalším výstupem diplomové práce je podpůrný nástroj v programu MS Excel, který obsahuje data pro hodnocení úspěšnosti jednotlivých firemních strategických výpovědí a procesů.

The presented dissertation thesis deals with a set of problems related to the strategic planning of tourism development in the context of tourism policy. By making full use of the strategic benchmarking method, the thesis tries to make a certain contribution to the improvement of strategic planning in tourism which represents an important factor of tourism destination competitiveness. The objective of the presented dissertation thesis is to postulate and in practice verify a methodology related to strategic benchmarking, aimed at regional tourism development strategies and at selected aspects of the process of their formation. The dissertation thesis postulates a complex procedure thus making it possible to evaluate and compare the tourism developing strategies of the Czech, Slovak and British regions on the basis of stipulated criteria and fuzzy scales. This procedure is implemented into an on-line evaluating application, which can be used by key regional actors for the evaluation of the particular developing strategies. The evaluation results are used for benchmarking gap analysis and for selection of suitable benchmarking partners by means of fuzzy TOPSIS method. Consequently, selected partners are submitted to an external benchmarking investigation focused on methods of how to create strategies, and managerial approaches to planning. The acquired information is used for an identification of good practices for a regional planning of tourism development.

A carência na prestação dos serviços de abastecimento de água e de esgotamento sanitário se apresenta em maior grau nas populações com condições de baixa renda e graus significativos de exposição ao risco ambiental pela localização geográfica. A situação de vulnerabilidade socioambiental é resultado do crescimento sem controle da população, que posteriormente ocasiona um mercado de habitações insuficiente, com qualidade e localização inadequadas e com ausência de políticas públicas. Estas áreas denominadas irregulares, assentamentos precários, favelas, entre outros, são onde as empresas operadoras não conseguem atender a demanda de serviços pelo impedimento de legislação e condições impróprias para implantação de redes dos serviços. As empresas operadoras que possuem uma função técnica dependem do andamento dos programas de regularização fundiária à prestação dos serviços nestas áreas, assim que têm que atuar frente a esta problemática, porque no final sua gestão se vê comprometida também nas áreas de prestação regulares. Os modelos empresariais até agora adotados focalizam-se no desenvolvimento e no monitoramento na gestão para todas as áreas de prestação e omitem esse tratamento diferenciado. Uma ferramenta útil que ajuda a melhorar o desempenho das empresas operadoras é a utilização do processo de Benchmarking. Este processo é útil por ser um instrumento eficiente na prestação de serviços, mas este recurso tem sido pouco aproveitado na prestação de serviços públicos nas áreas irregulares. Por conseguinte, este projeto de pesquisa propor indicadores chave para Benchmarking voltados à prestação de serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário nas áreas com populações em situação de vulnerabilidade socioambiental no contexto de uma operadora que atua na Baixada Santista. A metodologia utilizada foi numa primeira parte de caráter exploratório, focada na revisão bibliográfica sobre a prestação dos serviços de água e esgoto nestas áreas, a contextualização de vulnerabilidade para estes serviços e os sistemas de indicadores existentes. E numa segunda, de caráter experimental, foram trazidas duas comunidades da Baixada como estudo de caso para entender a gestão da operadora nestas áreas; nas duas etapas se abordaram aspectos chave da pesquisa participativa. Por meio da aplicação de critérios de avaliação e as experiências na coleta de evidências definiram-se filtros de escolha para assegurar que os indicadores finais trataram mais de perto a problemática levantada. Este trabalho encontrou 10 indicadores, entre novos e modificados dos existentes, que potencialmente descrevem a prestação de serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário das populações em situação de vulnerabilidade, os quais permitem ser usados na tomada de decisão das empresas à universalização dos serviços de água e esgoto. Na aplicação do processo de Benchmarking encontraram-se apenas dois indicadores para comparar desempenho. Devido a que, as informações que a empresa tem para estas áreas é bastante limitada. Estes conjuntos de indicadores são inovação para o setor, pois estas medidas auxiliam a prestação das empresas nestas áreas. No entanto, as empresas precisam produzir informações para as áreas de vulnerabilidade, sendo que ainda não prestem os serviços; necessitam institucionalizar sistemas de indicadores específicos, que permitam conhecer e se planejar frente à gestão destas áreas e, finalmente possuir registros sob boas práticas de áreas já universalizadas. / The lack in the provision of water and sanitation services is given in a greater degree in populations with conditions of low-income and significant degrees of exposure to environmental risk by geographic location. The status of social and environmental vulnerability is a result of uncontrolled population growth, which subsequently causes an insufficient housing market, with unsuitable quality and location and lack of public policies. These areas called irregular, slum, among others, are where the Water Supply and Sanitation Services (WSS) cannot meet the demand for services caused by the impediment of law and improper conditions for network deployment services. WSS that have a technical function, depend on the progress of regularization programs for the provision of services in these areas, so they have to deal with this problem, consequently their models management is compromised also in the areas of regular provision. Actually, the business models adopted focus on the development and monitoring management for all service areas and omit this differential treatment. A useful tool used to help the WSS improvement and performance is to use the Benchmarking process. This process is useful for being an effective tool in providing services, but this resource has been taken a little advantage in supplying public services in irregular areas. Therefore, this research project proposes key-indicators for Benchmarking, focused on the provision services in areas with populations in situations of social and environmental vulnerability, in the context of a WSS operating in the Baixada Santista. The methodology used was in a first part, of exploratory character, the literature review was focused on the provision of water and sewerage services in these areas, the context of vulnerability to these services and systems of existing indicators. In a second part, two communities of Baixada were brought, an experimental basis, as a case study to understand the operator management in these areas; in the two steps are addressed key aspects of participative-research. Through the application of evaluation criteria and experiences in evidence collecting, filters were defined to ensure the final indicators treated more closely to the issues raised. This study found 10 indicators, including new and modified ones, which potentially describe the provision of water supply and sanitation service for vulnerable population; these indicators allow to be used in decision making of WSS universalization. The implementation of the Benchmarking process finds only two indicators to compare performance, because the information that the company has for these areas is very limited. These sets of indicators are innovation for the sector, because these measures help to provide services in these areas. However, WSS need to produce information for vulnerability areas, but they do not provide the services yet; they need to institutionalize specific indicators systems to provide them knowledge to manage these areas and, they must possess registers taken, under good practices, from already universalized areas.

Diante da realidade de segregação residencial existente no Brasil, determinada pela heterogeneidade de renda, de condições sociais entre bairros e distritos, evidencia-se uma sociedade cada vez mais penneada por iniquidades sociais e ambientais. Somado a isto, há o fato do crescimento da concentração populacional em áreas urbanas. Este e outros fatores geram transformações nas estruturas das cidades acentuando conflitos referentes ao uso e ocupação do solo. Tais conflitos requerem agilidade de suprir demandas de fornecimento de serviços essenciais, tais como de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário, especialmente quando se trata destes serviços às populações vulneráveis. Para apoio a medição e visualização desse cenário, de forma a elaborar políticas públicas e empresarias, é fundamental a utilização de indicadores, os quais, no entanto, não estão prontamente disponíveis. Emerge assim a necessidade de proposição de indicadores que mensurem o fornecimento dos serviços às populações vulneráveis em áreas urbanas. Neste contexto, com estudo de caso para o Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, a pesquisa teve como enfoque atuar na interface teórica e prática para proposição de indicadores. Foram realizadas, então, revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e discussão crítica com base no aprendizado do estudo de caso. Doze indicadores foram propostos e um sistema de indicadores de benchmarking dos serviços de abastecimento e esgotamento sanitário voltados às populações vulneráveis foi estruturado. O sistema e os indicadores foram identificados por meio do alinhamento de diferentes visões dos atores, o que permitiu que fossem condizentes com a realidade dos serviços, e posteriormente, mais facilmente implementados. / The income heterogeneity and social conditions between neighborhoods and districts show a society increasingly permeated by social and environmental inequities by means the reality of residential segregation that exists in Brazil. In addition, there is population growth occurred concentrated in urban areas, this and other factors that generate transformations in the structures of cities accentuating conflicts regarding the use and occupation. Such conflicts require flexibility to supply demands for essential services such as to provi de water and sanitation services, especially aimed to vulnerable populations. For the measurement and visualization ofthis scenario, in order to produce the policies and business, it is essential to use of indicators, which, however, are not readily available. Thus emerges the need to propose indicators that measure the provision of services to vulnerable populations in urban areas. In this context, with case study in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, the research was focused on theoretical and practical interface to proposed indicators. Were performed also, literature review, document analysis and critical discussion based on the learning case study. Twelve indicators were proposed and a system of benchmarking indicators for the water supply and sanitation services to targeted vulnerable populations was structured. The framework and indicators were proposed by aligning different views of the actors, in a way to be consistent with the reality of services and more easily implemented.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WilliamJuniodoCarmo-Dissertacao.pdf: 1125574 bytes, checksum: 4ac2916c6500781f636c1d1857a2db90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-19 / This paper evaluated the benchmarking of milk production with a survey of data in the state of Minas Gerais and the city of Bambuí, MG. The analysis was performed within an intensive production system with animals on pasture, with the purpose of surveying milk production in Bambuí to establish differences in productivity, competitiveness and sustainability of farms which are benchmarks of the city and state. The data and the samples of the research were submitted to the internal and external benchmarking technique for assaying the variables. Differences of performance in productivity were observed by benchmarking several milk production units in Bambuí and Minas Gerais. In face of the characteristics of the benchmarking units of the city in relation to the state, this study showed that the milk productive chain of the city in relation to the state and the country is economically competitive and sustainable, despite the significant decrease in the number of milk producers in the Bambuí region. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de benchmarking da produção de leite, com o levantamento de dados no estado de Minas Gerais e no município da cidade de Bambuí/MG. A análise foi feita dentro de um sistema de produção intensivo com animais em pastejo, com o objetivo de levantar a produção de leite no município de Bambuí, dimensionando as diferenças de produtividade, a competitividade e a sustentabilidade da exploração pelos estabelecimentos, que são benchmarks do município e do estado. A partir dos dados levantados e as amostras da pesquisa, utilizou-se a técnica do benchmarking, interno e externo, para levantamento das variáveis. Constatam-se diferenças de desempenho em termos de produtividade através do benchmarking entre as diversas unidades produtoras de leite no município de Bambuí e Minas Gerais. Em virtude das características das unidades benchmarking do município de Bambuí e do estado, o estudo demonstrou que a produção da cadeia produtiva de leite do município em relação ao estado e em linha o Brasil, é economicamente competitiva e sustentável apesar da grande diminuição do número de produtores de leite dentro da região do município.

Etant donné le coût élevé qui accompagne, en général, la résolution de problème en grandes dimensions, notamment quand il s'agit de problèmes réels; le recours à des fonctions dite benchmarks et une approche communément utilisée pour l'évaluation d'algorithmes avec un coût minime. Il est alors question de savoir identifier les formes par lesquelles ces problèmes se présentent pour pouvoir les reproduire dans ces benchmarks. Une question dont la réponse est difficile vu la variété de ces problèmes, leur complexité, et la difficulté de tous les décrire pertinemment. L'idée est alors d'examiner les difficultés qui accompagnent généralement ces problème, ceci afin de les reproduire dans les fonctions benchmarks et évaluer la capacité des algorithmes à les résoudre. Dans le cas des problèmes de grandes dimensions, il serait pratique de pouvoir simplement étendre les benchmarks déjà utilisés pour les dimensions moins importantes. Cependant, il est important de prendre en compte les contraintes additionnelles qui accompagnent les problèmes de grandes dimensions, notamment ceux liés à la complexité d'évaluer ces fonctions benchmark. Idéalement, les fonctions benchmark en grandes dimension garderaient la majorité des propriétés de leurs contreparties en dimensions réduite tout en ayant un coût raisonnable. Les problèmes benchmark sont souvent classifiés en catégories suivant les difficultés qu'ils présentent. Même dans un scénario en boîte-noire où ce genre d'information n'est pas partagée avec l'algorithme, il reste important et pertinent d'avoir cette classification. Ceci permet d'identifier les lacunes d'un algorithme vis à vis d'une difficulté en particulier, et donc de plus facilement pouvoir l'améliorer. Une autre question importante à se poser en modélisant des problèmes de grandes dimensions est la pertinence des variables. En effet, quand la dimension est relativement petite, il n'est pas rare de voir toutes les variables contribuer à définir la qualité d'une solution. Cependant, quand la dimension grandit, il arrive souvent que des variables deviennent redondantes voire inutiles; notamment vu la difficulté de trouver une représentation minimaliste du problème. Ce dernier point encourage la conception et d'algorithmes et de fonctions benchmark traitant cette classe de problèmes. Dans cette thèse, on répond, principalement, à trois questions rencontrées dans l'optimisation stochastique continue en grandes dimensions : 1. Comment concevoir une méthode d'adaptation du pas d'une stratégie d'évolution qui, à la fois, est efficace et a un coût en calculs raisonnable ? 2. Comment construire et généraliser des fonctions à faible dimension effective ? 3. Comment étendre un ensemble de fonctions benchmarks pour des cas de grandes dimensions en préservant leurs propriétés sans avoir des caractéristiques qui soient exploitables ? / Because of the generally high computational costs that come with large-scale problems, more so on real world problems, the use of benchmarks is a common practice in algorithm design, algorithm tuning or algorithm choice/evaluation. The question is then the forms in which these real-world problems come. Answering this question is generally hard due to the variety of these problems and the tediousness of describing each of them. Instead, one can investigate the commonly encountered difficulties when solving continuous optimization problems. Once the difficulties identified, one can construct relevant benchmark functions that reproduce these difficulties and allow assessing the ability of algorithms to solve them. In the case of large-scale benchmarking, it would be natural and convenient to build on the work that was already done on smaller dimensions, and be able to extend it to larger ones. When doing so, we must take into account the added constraints that come with a large-scale scenario. We need to be able to reproduce, as much as possible, the effects and properties of any part of the benchmark that needs to be replaced or adapted for large-scales. This is done in order for the new benchmarks to remain relevant. It is common to classify the problems, and thus the benchmarks, according to the difficulties they present and properties they possess. It is true that in a black-box scenario, such information (difficulties, properties...) is supposed unknown to the algorithm. However, in a benchmarking setting, this classification becomes important and allows to better identify and understand the shortcomings of a method, and thus make it easier to improve it or alternatively to switch to a more efficient one (one needs to make sure the algorithms are exploiting this knowledge when solving the problems). Thus the importance of identifying the difficulties and properties of the problems of a benchmarking suite and, in our case, preserving them. One other question that rises particularly when dealing with large-scale problems is the relevance of the decision variables. In a small dimension problem, it is common to have all variable contribute a fair amount to the fitness value of the solution or, at least, to be in a scenario where all variables need to be optimized in order to reach high quality solutions. This is however not always the case in large-scales; with the increasing number of variables, some of them become redundant or groups of variables can be replaced with smaller groups since it is then increasingly difficult to find a minimalistic representation of a problem. This minimalistic representation is sometimes not even desired, for example when it makes the resulting problem more complex and the trade-off with the increase in number of variables is not favorable, or larger numbers of variables and different representations of the same features within a same problem allow a better exploration. This encourages the design of both algorithms and benchmarks for this class of problems, especially if such algorithms can take advantage of the low effective dimensionality of the problems, or, in a complete black-box scenario, cost little to test for it (low effective dimension) and optimize assuming a small effective dimension. In this thesis, we address three questions that generally arise in stochastic continuous black-box optimization and benchmarking in high dimensions: 1. How to design cheap and yet efficient step-size adaptation mechanism for evolution strategies? 2. How to construct and generalize low effective dimension problems? 3. How to extend a low/medium dimension benchmark to large dimensions while remaining computationally reasonable, non-trivial and preserving the properties of the original problem?

With ubiquitous computing, autonomous cars, and cyber-physical systems (CPS), adaptive software becomes more and more important as computing is increasingly context-dependent. Role-based programming has been proposed to enable adaptive software design without the problem of scattering the context-dependent code. Adaptation is achieved by having objects play roles during runtime. With every role, the object's behavior is modified to adapt to the given context. In recent years, many role-based programming languages have been developed. While they greatly differ in the set of supported features, they all incur in large runtime overheads, resulting in inferior performance. The increased variability and expressiveness of the programming languages have a direct impact on the run-time and memory consumption. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of state-of-the-art role-based programming languages, with emphasis on performance bottlenecks. We also provide insight on how to overcome these problems.

The objective of this thesis is the financial performance measurement of the company Koyo Bearings Česká republika s. r. o. with the use of benchmarking method. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part presents expert knowledge based on professional literature. The main goal of the practical part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of the financial business productivity for help by benchmarking method. In the conclusion there are proposed some possible measures to increase the company performance.

»Agrobench Sachsen« steht für eine einzelbetriebliche Stärken- und Schwächenanalyse landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen. Für sächsische Unternehmen wurde eine Online-Datenbank entwickelt, um sich anhand des Jahresabschlusses mit anderen Unternehmen und den Richtwerten aus der Branche hinsichtlich der Produktivität, Liquidität, Rentabilität und Stabilität zu vergleichen. Die Nutzer können sich an den Bestwerten der Benchmark messen. Mit der neuen Online-Lösung wurden die bisherigen Methoden zur Betriebsbeurteilung in ihrer Aussagekraft und anschaulichen Darstellung erheblich verbessert.

Energy efficiency is currently a hot topic on all regional, national, and global stages. Accurate measurements on how energy is being used over a period of time can improve performance of the drinking water utility substantially and reduce energy consumption. Nevertheless, the drinking water industry does not have a specific benchmarking practice to evaluate its energy performance of the system. Therefore, there are no standards to compare energy use between water utilities that have a variety of system characteristics. The goal of this research is to develop quantitative approach to select energy benchmarking parameters of the water system, so the drinking water utilities can use those parameters to improve their energy efficiency. In addition to a typical benchmarking of drinking water utilities, the energy benchmarking can specifically compare energy efficiency of a utility with other utilities nationwide. The research developed a regression model based on the statistical representation of the energy use and descriptive characteristics of the drinking water utilities data throughout the U.S. Methodologies to eliminate singularity and multicollinearity from collinear survey dataset are discussed. The all possible regressions were chosen as parameters selection methodology to identify a subset of most significant parameters, i.e. system characteristics, that can mathematically correspond to energy use across different utilities. As a result, the energy benchmarking would be able to calculate the predicted total energy use of the system from given system characteristics. / Master of Science