Bakgrund: Inom palliativ vård är en av de fyra hörnstenarna närståendestöd. Detta sker under vårdtiden men också i efterlevandestödet till närstående i deras sorgeprocess. Hur efterlevandestödet ska utformas varierar utifrån verksamheten och det råder ingen konsensus hur det stödet ska utformas. Utan en tydlig vetenskaplig förankring finns det risk att stödet baseras godtyckligt och att vissa behov inte tillgodoses. Genom ökad kunskap om olika interventioners effekter kan ett evidensbaserat efterlevandestöd utformas. Syfte: Att utforska olika interventioner för efterlevandestöd och dess effekt i närståendes sorgeprocess. Metod: Litteraturöversikt som är baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 2010 och 2021. Analysen är gjord med induktiv ansats av 13 artiklar med Stroebe och Schuts pendlingsteori som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultat: Resultatet presenterar olika interventioner, från olika vårdkontexter, som närstående erhållit vid olika tidpunkter efter ett dödsfall. Interventioner från valda artiklar presenteras utifrån tre teman: Interventioner genom en symbolisk handling, interventioner som skedde individuellt samt interventioner som skedde i grupp. Slutsats: En interventions påverkan på sorgeprocessen är individuell och kan påverkas av flera faktorer. Oberoende av vilken intervention som genomfördes, var ett återkommande resultat i studierna att närstående upplevde sig sedda, bekräftade och normaliserade i sina känslor vilket skapade en positiv effekt på sorgeprocessen. Att stödet kändes standardiserat snarare än personligt var en viktig aspekt som ledde till att den positiva effekten kunde utebli eller i vissa fall ge en negativ effekt för närstående. Interventionerna är gjorda vid olika tidpunkter vilket försvårar att göra slutsatser om optimal tidpunkt. Det är dock av stor vikt att det finns rutiner i verksamheter för efterlevandestöd för att identifiera de närstående som har behov av utökade stödinsatser. / Background: In palliative care one of the four cornerstones is support for the family. This includes during the care period and also by providing bereavement care in their grieving process. How the bereavement care is provided differs between different care providers and there is a lack of consensus in the content. Without a clear scientific connection there is a risk that the support is planned from the care provider's personal experiences and some needs are not met. With an increased knowledge of different interventions and their effect can an evidence-based bereavement care be formed. Aim: To explore different interventions for bereavement support and their effect on the families grieving-process. Method: Literature review which is based on scientific journals published between the years 2010 and 2021. The analysis is made by an inductive approach on 13 journals with Stroebes and Schuts theory of dual process of bereavement as a theoretical framework. Results: The results present different interventions, from different care contexts, that relatives received at different times after a death. The various interventions were presented based on three themes: interventions through a symbolic act, interventions that took place individually and group interventions. Conclusion: The impact of an intervention on the grieving process is individual and can be influenced by several factors. Independently on which intervention was given, there was a recurring trend in the outcome of the studies that relatives experienced they were feeling seen, confirmed and normalized in their emotions which had a positive effect on their grieving process. The experience of the support felt standardized rather than personal was an important aspect which could lead to the positive effect could be absent orin some cases have a negative effect. The interventions are made at different times, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the optimal time. However, it is of great importance that there are routines inactivities for bereavement support in order to identify the relatives who have extended needs of support.

In recent years, a multitude of literature have discussed the turbulent nature for young adults to navigate the difficulties of suicide bereavement with lack of support. This experience can be further cumbersome when the bereavement is co-occurring within an academic profession, such as attending university. This study explored three participants experience of suicide bereavement support at a university level, utilizing a phenomenological arts-based approach for inquiry. Data analysis revealed eight common themes that reflect the university students' lived experiences of the phenomenon discussed: Acknowledgment of the communicated loss by faculty, provision of academic support, lack/absence of practice, reluctance, emotional response, non-faculty support, recall, omission. The findings within this study highlight the unique nature of arts expression and the use of it as a communicative tool to those experiencing a death loss. Results suggest a reluctance to disclose for fear of a further loss of professionalism within the University setting and the absence of a solidified grievance plan that left individuals feeling further unsupported. Furthermore, individuals spoke to a heightened need for meaning making of the experience to facilitate the bereavement process and a reliance on the self rather than community due to previous fears of disclosure. Our understanding of suicide bereavement would benefit from an inclusion of non-art affiliated participants, a wider sample size and individuals that associate outside of the female identification for a more diverse range of experiences.

Bakgrund: Inom palliativ vård är en av de fyra hörnstenarna närståendestöd. Detta sker under vårdtiden men också i efterlevandestödet till närstående i deras sorgeprocess. Hur efterlevandestödet ska utformas varierar utifrån verksamheten och det råder ingen konsensus hur det stödet ska utformas. Utan en tydlig vetenskaplig förankring finns det risk att stödet baseras godtyckligt och att vissa behov inte tillgodoses. Genom ökad kunskap om olika interventioners effekter kan ett evidensbaserat efterlevandestödutformas. Syfte: Att utforska olika interventioner för efterlevandestöd och dess effekt i närstående sorgeprocess Metod: Litteraturöversikt som är baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan år 2010 och 2021. Analysen är gjord med induktiv ansats av 13 artiklar med Stroebe och Schuts pendlingsteori som teoretiskt ramverk. Resultat: Resultatet presenterar olika interventioner, från olika vårdkontexter, som närstående erhållit vid olika tidpunkter efter ett dödsfall. Interventioner från valda artiklar presenteras utifrån tre teman: Interventioner genom en symbolisk handling, interventioner som skedde individuellt samt interventioner som skedde i grupp. Slutsats: En interventions påverkan på sorgeprocessen är individuell och kan påverkas av flera faktorer. Oberoende av vilken intervention som genomfördes, var ett återkommande resultat i studierna att närstående upplevde sig sedda, bekräftade och normaliserade i sina känslor vilket skapade en positiv effekt på sorgeprocessen. Att stödet kändes standardiserat snarare än personligt var en viktig aspekt som ledde till att den positiva effekten kunde utebli eller i vissa fall ge en negativ effekt för närstående. Interventionerna är gjorda vid olika tidpunkter vilket försvårar att göra slutsatser om optimal tidpunkt. Det är dock av stor vikt att det finns rutiner i verksamheter för efterlevandestöd för att identifiera de närstående som har behov av utökade stödinsatser. / Background: In palliative care one of the four cornerstones is support for the family. This includes during the care period and also by providing bereavement care in their grieving process. How the bereavement care is provided differs between different care providers and there is a lack of consensus in the content. Without a clear scientific connection there is a risk that the support is planned from the care provider's personal experiences and some needs are not met. With an increased knowledge of different interventions and their effect can an evidence-based bereavement care be formed Aim: To explore different interventions for bereavement support and their effecton the families grieving-process. Method: Literature review which is based on scientific journals published between the years 2010 and 2021. The analysis is made by an inductive approach on 13 journals with Stroebes and Schuts theory of dual process of bereavement as a theoretical framework Results: The results present different interventions, from different care contexts, that relatives received at different times after a death. The various interventions were presented based on three themes: interventions through a symbolic act, interventions that took place individually and group interventions. Conclusion: The impact of an intervention on the grieving process is individual and can be influenced by several factors. Independently on which intervention was given, there was a recurring trend in the outcome of the studies that relatives experienced they were feeling seen, confirmed and normalized in their emotions which had a positive effect on their grieving process. The experience of the support felt standardized rather than personal was an important aspect which could lead to the positive effect could be absent orin some cases have a negative effect. The interventions are made at different times, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the optimal time. However, it is of great importance that there are routines inactivities for bereavement support in order to identify the relatives who have extended needs of support.

Yes / Theories of Continuing Bonds, and more recently, the Dual Process of Grieving, have provided new ways of understanding the bereavement process, and have influenced current practice for counsellors, end-oflife care practitioners and other professionals. This paper uses these theories in a new way, exploring their relevance to archaeological interpretation, with particular reference to the phenomenon of the plastering of skulls of the deceased in the Neolithic of Southwest Asia (the Middle East/Near East), suggesting that traditional archaeological interpretations, which focus on concepts of status and social organisation, may be missing a more basic reaction to grief and a desire to keep the dead close for longer.

Yes / People in the Global North often have a problem talking about — and processing — the inevitability of death. This can be because death and care of the dying has been professionalised, with encounters of death within our families and communities no longer being ‘normal and routine’ (Kellehear 2005). Young people are particularly excluded from these conversations, with implications for future mental health and wellbeing (Ainsley-Green 2017). Working in Wolverhampton and Bradford, the Dying 2 Talk (D2T) project aimed to build young people’s future resilience around this challenging topic. We recruited over 20 young people as project ambassadors to co-produce resources that would encourage talk about death, dying and bereavement. The resources were used as the basis of ‘Festivals of the Dead’ which were taken to schools to engage wider audiences of young people (aged 11 +). The project aimed to use alternative ‘ways in’ to open discussion, beginning with archaeology, and ultimately using gaming, dance, creative writing and other creative outputs to facilitate discussion, encourage compassionate relationships and build resilience. The resources succeeded in engaging young people from ages 11–19 years, facilitating a comfortable and supportive environment for these vital conversations. Project evaluations and observations revealed that the Festivals, and the activities co-created by the young ambassadors helped to facilitate spontaneous conversations about death, dying and bereavement amongst young people by providing a comfortable and supportive environment. The project was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/V008609/1), building on a pilot project funded by the Higher Education Innovation Fund at the University of Bradford. / The project was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AH/V008609/1), building on a pilot project funded by the Higher Education Innovation Fund at the University of Bradford.

Yes

Yes / The Dying to Talk project in Bradford, UK aimed to build resilience in young people around the topic of death, dying and bereavement. Starting conversations early in life could buttress people’s future wellbeing when faced with bereavement and indeed their own mortality. Research indicates that a key feature in young people’s experience of bereavement is ‘powerlessness’ (Ribbens McCarthy, 2007). Drawing on the principles of co-production, young people led the development of the project aimed at encouraging young people to talk about death, using archaeology as a facilitator to those conversations. The partnership between the University of Bradford, the voluntary sector and the young people proved to be a positive and empowering one. It laid the foundations for future collaboration and developed a framework for engaging young people in talking about death, building their resilience for dealing with death and dying in the future – a step towards building a ‘compassionate city’ for young people (Kellehear, 2012) / University of Bradford, Higher Education Innovation Fund; AHRC

Yes / Traditionally, family-focused care extends to parents and siblings of children with life-limiting conditions. Only a few studies have focused on the needs of grandparents, who play an important role in the families of children with illness and with life-limiting conditions, in particular. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used as the methodological framework for the study. Seven bereaved grandparents participated in this study. Semistructured, individual, face-to-face interviews were conducted. A number of contextual factors affected the experience of bereaved grandparents, including intergenerational bonds and perceived changes in role following the death of their grandchild. The primary motivation of grandparents stemmed from their role as a parent, not a grandparent. The breadth of pain experienced by grandparents was complicated by the multigenerational positions grandparents occupy within the family. Transition from before to after the death of a grandchild exacerbated the experience of pain. These findings about the unique footprint of grandparent grief suggest the development of family nursing practice to better understand and support grandparents during the illness of a grandchild, in addition to bereavement support.

Yes / The infrequency of sudden deaths means that professionals have limited exposure, making it difficult to gain experience and feel confident in their role. This meta-synthesis aims to synthesise qualitative research on the experience of professionals responding to cases of sudden or unexpected death. A systematic literature search was conducted using Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, Embase, psycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, identifying ten papers for inclusion. Studies were appraised and synthesized using the principles of meta‐synthesis. Four superordinate themes were identified: perceptions of role, experience on scene, approaches to coping, and barriers to support. Findings suggest the way responders perceive their role and their experience on scene affect the approach taken to tasks and coping strategies used. The complexity of experience is often not acknowledged by responders or their colleagues. Experiences are compounded by cumulative factors which were expressed by different professional groups and across settings. Several barriers relating to workforce culture within organisations were identified, alongside the implications these have on staff wellbeing and the impact on bereaved families.

This master thesis investigates the role of leadership in facilitating how employees process the sudden loss of a coworker in a German consultancy firm. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with eight employees, the case study explores how leaders supported their teams during a period of organizational loss and grief. Using an abductive approach and thematic analysis, three key themes emerged from the data. Firstly, employees reacted to the sudden death with shock, sadness, and reflections on life and work. Secondly, coping mechanisms such as information-seeking, community engagement, emotional expression, and action were observed among employees. Lastly, leadership tasks encompassed setting the stage for emotions, effective communication, and sustaining the business. On the basis of these themes found in the case study and previous research, we propose a theoretical framework that breaks down the complex task of leading employees through the sudden death of a coworker into four stages: Prepare, Acquaint, Lead, Evaluate. Each stage contains several leadership actions which show the duality of emotional and business-related tasks. These stages serve as a guideline for leaders who learn about the sudden death of a coworker first and want to support their employees through coping with the incident. This framework and the findings highlight the critical role of leadership in navigating grief and trauma and shaping organizational climate.The study contributes to the literature by providing insights into employee perspectives on sudden loss and offering practical implications for effective leadership in times of sudden employee death.