No description available.

:Bauliche und Territoriale Entwicklung Beziehungen und Konflikte Architektonische Überreste Komture von Metz

Sont d’abord rassemblées des études réalisées dans le cadre du projet BIBLINDEX, index en ligne des citations scripturaires chez les Pères de l’Église. Elles visent à renouveler l’historiographie de la réception des Écritures par l’analyse statistique. Les aspects méthodologiques – repérage, expression, délimitation, caractérisation, interrogation et visualisation – sont discutés, puis la méthode définie est appliquée à plusieurs corpus des premiers siècles : les œuvres d’Irénée, de Jérôme ; le livre de Qohélet lu par les Pères. Le corpus du « dernier » d’entre eux, Bernard de Clairvaux, fait l’objet des deux parties suivantes : archétypique en effet, de par la richesse et la complexité de ses mises en œuvre du matériau biblique, ce corpus se prête particulièrement bien à une application approfondie des méthodes d’investigation développées pour BIBLINDEX, complétées par des approches texto-métriques. Nous commençons par livrer quelques enquêtes théologiques, littéraires et historiques de l’œuvre du cistercien, qui ont accompagné l’édition de ses œuvres complètes dans la collection Sources Chrétiennes et illustrent plusieurs types d’usages bibliques, comme la constitution d’un arsenal polémique dans les conflits épistolaires ; la structuration d’une argumentation logique, à la fois philosophique et théologique ; la construction d’une géographie spirituelle avec les interprétations de noms hébreux. Puis nous donnons l’esquisse d’une étude synthétique de la Bible de Bernard, qui reposerait sur les méthodes précédemment définies pour améliorer notre connaissance des relations du saint à la tradition et du rôle de l’assimilation scripturaire dans ses stratégies d’écriture. / First of all, studies carried out within the framework of the BIBLINDEX project, an online index of scriptural quotations in the Early Christian Literature, are gathered. They aim at renewing the historiography on the reception of the Scriptures by statistical analysis. The methodological aspects – identification, expression, delimitation, characterization, queries and visualization – are discussed, then the defined method is applied to several corpora of the first centuries: the works of Irenaeus, Jerome; the book of Qohelet as read by the Fathers. The corpus written by the "last" of them, Bernard of Clairvaux, is the subject of the two following parts: archetypal indeed, due to the richness and the complexity of its implementations of the biblical material, this corpus lends itself particularly well an in-depth application of the investigation methods developed for BIBLINDEX, supplemented by textometric approaches. Some theological, literary and historical inquiries of the Cistercian’s work are first presented, which come along with the publication of his complete works in the collection Sources Chrétiennes and illustrate several types of biblical practices, such as constituting a controversial arsenal in epistolary conflicts; structuring a logical, both philosophical and theological, argumentation; establishing a spiritual geography using interpretations of Hebrew names. Finally, the sketch of a synthetic study of Bernard’s Bible is given, which would be based on the methods previously defined to improve our knowledge of the saint’s relationship to tradition and the role of scriptural assimilation in his writing strategies.

Treatise De Consideratione ad Eugenium Papam III. is not in general public awareness of the power known. Nevertheless, his message on the theme of the papacy and practical guides to the character of the Pope is still valid. This thesis aims to familiarize with the life of the author of the letter, and Bernard of Clairvaux to outline the time and circumstances of the letter, as well as with the personality of Pope Eugene III. to whom the letter is addressed. Treatise is divided into five books, this work deals mainly with the fourth book. In the fourth book we find a few key topics. Relates to the personality of the Pope, what would be its features and how it should behave. It is a theme of "two swords" on which Bernard shows secular and ecclesiastical power. There is here the topic of the internal layout of the Church. Keywords Bernard of Clairvaux, Eugenius III., Letter to De Consideratione, allegory "two swords", religious and secular power

No description available.

The topic of the diploma thesis is the activity of the Cistercian monastic order in the area of Tuscany. During the main wave of founding the Cistercian monasteries in Italy, the area of Tuscany, whose medieval boundaries roughly correspond to its current ones, was under major political influence of Florence, Siena, Pisa and Lucca. Most monasteries in the region were founded in the vicinity of these cities. This work aims to contribute to the discoveries about the influence of these cities and their elites on the establishing of foundation of the white monks in Tuscany. The goal of this work is an analysis of circumstances and causes of the arrival of the Cistercians in the Tuscany region, where they arrived relatively late, compared to other Italian regions. The work focuses on the specificities of the Cistercian movement of the foundation of monasteries. The fist Cistercian foundation in Tuscany was the monastery San Galgano. Most of the Cistercian abbeys in the region predominantly from the 13th century was affiliated with San Galgano. The diploma thesis aims to describe the development of the Cistercian order and its monasteries in the area by exploring specific Cistercian foundations in Tuscany. Possibly the most important monastery in the region was San Galgano, which served as the maternal monastery...

La notion, le statut et la question revisitée de la dispense canonique dans la tradition de l’Église latine, tels sont les trois temps que composent les réflexions proposées dans cette étude doctorale. Ces trois axes de recherche forment ce que nous appelons : la tradition canonique de la dispense dans l’Église catholique latine. Le premier temps de réflexion est celui sur la notion de dispensatio et d’οίκονομία. Cette réflexion explore la question des genèses de ces concepts qui, déjà au IIe siècle, sont employés par les pères de l’Église, Grecs et Latins, dans le contexte des communautés ecclésiales naissantes. Ces réflexions s’intéressent en même temps au domaine des premières doctrines autour de la pratique d’adoucissement de la rigueur des règles qui régissaient l’Église en ses débuts ; pratique à la fois spirituelle et pastorale. Le deuxième temps que propose cette dissertation doctorale s’inscrit dans l’apport scientifique et canonistique des collections canoniques du XIIe au XIVe siècle, celles notamment de Gratien et du ius novum après Gratien. À partir de XIIe siècle, le concept de dispense bénéfice d’une canonicité qui lui confère un statut canonique. Elle devient ainsi une institution du droit latin encore en gestation au milieu du Moyen-âge. La dispense est comprise dans un troisième temps comme une question revisitée au second concile du Vatican et par la codification contemporaine de 1983. Dans le cadre de l’aggiornamento proposé par Vatican II et dans une atmosphère apaisée, l’institution de la dispense retrouve l’idée originale d’une aide philanthropique, d’un acte de charité, d’une indulgence, d’une miséricorde. Elle est, pour les canonistes et pour les autorités ecclésiastiques, une institution de la guérison et du salut. / The notion, the status and the ‘revisited question’ of the canonical dispensation in the tradition of the Latin Church are the three axes of reflection proposed in this doctoral study. These three axes of research form what we call: the canonical tradition of dispensation in the Latin Catholic Church. The first period of reflection touches the notions of dispensatio and οίκονομία, and explores the question of the genesis of these concepts which were already in use in the second century by the Greek and Latin Fathers of the Church, in the context of the emerging ecclesial communities. These axes of reflection also concern the elaboration of the first doctrines relative to the practice of relaxing the rigor of the rules which governed the primitive Church both on a spiritual and pastoral level. The second axis of this doctoral dissertation focuses upon the scientific and canonistic contribution of canonical collections from the 12th to the 14th centuries, particularly those of Gratian and ius novum after Gratian. From the 12th century onwards, the concept of dispensation benefited from a “canonicity” that confers a canonical status. It thus becomes an institution of Latin Canonical law which was still being elaborated in the height of the Middle Ages. The question of dispensation is included in a third axis of reflection as ‘revisited’ during the second Vatican Council and by the contemporary codification of 1983. Within the framework of the aggiornamento proposed by Vatican II and in a calm atmosphere, the institution of dispensation finds once again it’s original meaning as a philanthropic aid, an act of charity, an indulgence, or a mercy. Indeed for canonists and for ecclesiastical authorities alike the dispensation is considered to be an institution of healing and of salvation.

This dissertation pursues two distinct but parallel projects in relation to the work of Bernard of Clairvaux and Middle English imaginative literature. First, I argue for a Bernardine anagogical lens as a way to better understand the deepest theological commitments and most distinctive formal innovations of certain key Middle English literary texts, especially Piers Plowman and The Canterbury Tales. Second, I outline a more genealogical project, tracing the figure of Bernard as it is explicitly invoked in widely circulated Middle English works including Piers, The Parson’s Tale, and the Prick of Conscience. These two threads connect to suggest that the work of Bernard of Clairvaux can offer a new way to understand the relationship between theological and literary texts in the late Middle Ages. Because Bernard’s influence in the vernacular is as much as matter of style as of content, it requires a more capacious way of theorizing the theological implications and even motivations of literary form. The “figure of Bernard” acts as a cipher for later works to explore their deepest intellectual preoccupations, and makes it possible to trace the way they imagine the anagogical interval between the presence and absence of Christ, the over- and under-estimation of the presence of eternity in time. The Bernardine themes of “presumption” and “despair” serve as a useful shorthand for signaling this theorization, and help me to extend its application beyond texts in which Bernard is explicitly invoked—including to writers, like Chaucer and Thomas Malory, whose work is often assumed to be firmly secular.

The present thesis examines the way in which two twelfth century authors, the Cistercian monks, Bernard of Clairvaux (1091-1153) and William of St. Thierry (c. 1080-1148), used Augustine (354-430) in the articulation of their mystical thought. The approach to this subject takes into account the fact that in the works of all these medieval authors the “mystical” element is inescapably entangled with their theological discourse and that an accurate understanding of their views on the soul’s direct encounter with God cannot be achieved without a discussion of their theology. This thesis posits that the cohesion of Bernard’s and William’s mystical thought lies in their appropriation of the guiding principle of Augustine’s mystical theology: “You made us for yourself and our heart is restless until it rests in you” (conf. 1.1.1), reflected in the subtle interplay of three main themes, namely (1) the creation of humanity in the image and likeness of God, which provides the grounds for the understanding of the soul’s search for direct contact with God; (2) love as a longing innate in every human being, which explores the means to attain immediacy with God; and (3) the soul’s direct encounter with God, which discusses the nature of the soul’s immediate experience of the divine presence that can only be achieved in lasting fullness at the end of time. This examination of Bernard’s and William’s use of Augustine is structured on the basis of these three core themes which form the scaffolding of their mystical thought. Investigating the specific methods of their reception of Augustine will highlight the originality and uniqueness of each of the two Cistercian authors, who while drawing on the same patristic source use it nevertheless in various ways, by focussing on different aspects of Augustine’s immense oeuvre and by arriving at distinct mystical programmes.

This dissertation is presented in two parts. It first identifies the shape and content of an ancient system of Christian thought predicated on the theology of the cross of Jesus Christ, and proposes the marks typifying its theologians. Over against the ensuing hermeneutic it next finds the project of twentieth century Swiss theologian Karl Barth to exhibit many of the defining characteristics of this system, and Barth himself to be fairly deemed a modern theologian of the cross. He crucially recovers, reshapes and reasserts the classical theologia crucis as a modern theological instrument, one answering enlightened theology’s self-glorifying accommodation to modernity with the living Word of the cross. The crucicentric system itself is found to comprise two major theological dimensions, epistemological and soteriological. Each of these comprises dialectically corresponding aspects connected with false and true creaturely glory. The cruciform Word (or theology) speaking through this system likewise moves in two directions. It declares negatively that any attempt by the creature to circumvent the cross so as to know about God directly, or to condition God's electing decision, is necessarily the attempt to know and act as God alone may know and act - an attempt therefore on the glory of God. It declares positively that in the crucified Christ God formally discloses the knowledge of God, and determines the creature for God. This knowledge and election are appropriated to the creature as, drawn into the cruciform environment, its attempt to glorify itself is negated and Christ's exalted humanity received in exchange. Thence it is lifted to participate in Christ's mind and in his glory, a process guided by the Holy Spirit and completed eschatologically. The database for this research includes selected primary materials in the Apostle Paul, Athanasius, a group of medieval mystical theologians, the reformer Martin Luther - particularly here his Heidelberg Disputation, and Karl Barth. It also pays attention to the recent secondary literature peripherally or more concertedly connecting itself to the theology of the cross, of whatever period. In this literature numerous suggestions for the content of the theology of the cross exist, a major methodological task in the current research being to bring these together systematically. To the extent that the inner structure of the system carrying the cruciform Word has not previously been made explicit, and Barth's crucicentric status not finally determined, in moving towards these achievements this dissertation breaks fresh ground. In the process a new test by which to decide the crucicentric status of any theological project is developed, and a further and crucicentric way of reading Barth proposed. / This dissertation identifies the shape, content, and marks of the theology of the cross, an ancient and still extant epistemological and soteriological system of Christian thought. Applying the resulting hermeneutic it then shows this system to be present with renewed vitality and future significance in the modern project of seminal Swiss theologian Karl Barth (1886-1968).