Aplicações computacionais voltadas para o auxílio ao diagnóstico (Computer-Aided Diagnosis - CAD) estão se tornando cada vez mais freqüentes. O objetivo dessas aplicações é fornecer ao profissional da área médica ferramentas que auxiliem na detecção precoce de patologias diversas. Nesse contexto, algoritmos que satisfaçam o interesse do usuário em encontrar imagens semelhantes a um caso específico podem ser desenvolvidos. Essas buscas devem ser feitas por similaridade, considerando a informação visual da imagem e não utilizando os recursos do processo convencional de busca textual, o qual compara parâmetros fornecidos pelo usuário com valores de atributos armazenados. As técnicas que permitem esse desenvolvimento são descritas na literatura como recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo (Content-Based Image Retrieval - CBIR). O maior desafio nessa abordagem é determinar o conjunto de características que descrevem o conteúdo da imagem adequadamente. No presente trabalho foram implementados algoritmos para extrair as características das imagens médicas utilizando as transformadas Wavelet e Wavelet Packet. A transformada Wavelet Packet tem maior capacidade para distinguir as freqüências quando comparada com a transformada Wavelet \"tradicional\". Esse estudo explora tal propriedade e analisa o desempenho dessas abordagens matemáticas na recuperação das imagens médicas por conteúdo. Ao final do estudo pôde-se estabelecer um comparativo entre os resultados obtidos com os vetores gerados a partir dos dados extraídos por ambas transformadas. Considerando-se que na área médica a precisão na obtenção das informações tem importância fundamental, a transformada Wavelet Packet revelou vantagens relevantes sobre os métodos tradicionais que aplicam a transformada Wavelet. Gráficos recall x precision e confusion matrix forneceram medidas da eficácia de recuperação. / Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) applications are becoming more frequent each day. This application\'s objective is to provide tools for the medical professional that help in the precocious detection of different pathologies. On this context, algorithms that satisfy the user interest to find similar images related to a singular case can be developed. Such searches must be done considering the visual information instead of using common resources employed in textual conventional procces\'s searches, which compares parameters provide by the user to attribute\'s values stored. The techniques that admit such development are depicted in the literature as Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). The great challenge here is to define the features that represent the image appropriately. In the present research were implemented algorithms to extract the images features using the Wavelet transform and Wavelet Packet transform. A Wavelet Packet transform distinguish frequencies better than the \"tradicional\" Wavelet transform. Therefore this study explores such properties and analyze the both mathematics approaches performance in the medical images retrieval. A comparative can be estabilished between the results obtained with the vectors produced using extracted data in both transforms. Considering that in the medical area the precision to obtain informations has fundamental importance, the Wavelet Packet transform revealed relevant advantages compared to the traditional methods that use the Wavelet transform. Recall x precision graphs and confusion matrix provides retrieval efficiency measures.

Orientador: Arnaldo Cortina / Banca: Renata Maria F. C. Marchezan / Banca: Antonio Vicente S. Pietroforte / Resumo: A procura do leitor brasileiro pelo discurso de auto-ajuda tem sido um fato inegável contemporaneamente. Por isso, este trabalho visa descrever a organização e o funcionamento dos textos de auto-ajuda mais vendidos de 1991 a 2006, a partir dos rankings "auto-ajuda e esoterismo", listados semanalmente pela revista Veja. A partir de um corpus organizado por meio do levantamento dessas listas de livros, o objetivo central consiste em sugerir uma tipologia lingüística para os discursos de auto-ajuda mais vendidos atualmente. A abordagem semiótica de orientação greimasiana possui critérios adequados de descrição do plano de conteúdo, com vistas a oferecer uma definição tipológica mais refinada dos discursos. Os níveis fundamental, narrativo e discursivo, na sua dimensão sintagmática e paradigmática, do percurso gerativo de sentido, podem oferecer um quadro suficiente de elementos descritivos, segundo a maior ou menor incidência dos seus componentes na organização dos discursos, tais como: o investimento axiológico das categorias fundamentais (euforia e disforia); os percursos dos actantes funcionais (destinador-manipulador, destinatário-sujeito e do destinador-julgador); as fases da narrativa (manipulação, competência, perfórmance e sanção); a natureza do objeto-valor (cognitivo ou pragmático, modal ou descritivo); a projeção do sujeito da enunciação (as marcas do enunciador e do enunciatário); e a constituição discursiva (textos predominantemente figurativos, predominantemente temáticos ou equivalentemente temático-figurativos). A auto-ajuda, à maneira dos discursos técnicos (manuais de montagem, receitas de cozinha, por exemplo), tende a privilegiar a fase da competência. Nesta, o percurso do destinador-manipulador contribui para que o seu enunciatário (a projeção do leitor) saiba e possa construir o valor subjetivo que procura. Nesse caso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Brazilian reader's search for self-help discourses has been a fact nowadays. For this reason, this work proposes to study the linguistic and discursive processes related to bestselling books of self-help literature in the period 1991-2006, by means of the lists of bestsellers in the Self-Help genre organized and listed weekly by Veja, a Brazilian news magazine. Starting from a corpus collected from these book lists, the aim is to suggest a linguistic typology for the current best-selling self-help books. The methodological perspective of Greimasian semiotics has appropriate criteria for the description of the level of contents, aiming at suggesting more elaborate typological definitions of discourses. The deep, narrative and discursive levels, in its syntagmatic and paradigmatic dimensions of the generative process of meaning, can offer enough descriptive elements, according to the large or small incidence - focus - of its semiotic components in the organization of discourses, such as: the axiological investment of thymic deep components (euphoria and dysphoria); the path of functional actants (sender-manipulator, receiver-subject and sender-judge); the narrative phases (manipulation, competence, perfórmance and sanction); the characteristics of the object of value (cognitive, pragmatic, modal or descriptive); the projection of the subject of enunciation (how sender and receiver can be linguistically manifest); and the discursive level components (texts which are predominantly thematic, predominantly figurative or thematic and figurative in equal measure). Self-help books, similarly to technical discourses (culinary recipes, instruction manuals), tend to focus on the phase of competence. In it, the sender-manipulator makes its receiver-subject (the reader's discursive projection) "knowing-how-to-do" and "be able-to-do" so he or she elaborate the subjective object wanted...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The bluetooth technology encompasses a simple low-cost, low-power, global radio system for integration into mobile devices to solve a simple problem: replace the cables used on mobile devices with radio frequency waves. Such devices can form a quick ad-hoc secure "piconet" and communicate among the connected devices. While WLANs had good ad-hoc networking capabilities, there was no clear market standard among them. Moreover, there were no global standards that can be integrated and implemented into small handheld devices. Some market analysts predict that there will be some 1.4 billion Bluetooth devices in operation by the year 2005 [1]. That is the reason we replace the cable from the "Network Adapter" with a low-cost RF link that we now call Bluetooth. However, the current specification1.1 [2][3] does not describe the algorithms or mechanisms to create a scatternet due to a variety of unsolved issues. Since the upper layers are not defined in Bluetooth, it is not possible to implement scatternet in current specification. Hence in this research, we need make some modifications to Bluetooth protocol in order to support the transmissions of packets in scatternet. In this paper we describe a novel scatternet architecture, and present link performance results of the proposed architecture.

Introducing a new type of IT-structure means a change that employees within an organization must adapt to. Today, many companies have implemented information technology in the form of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems and find themselves in th so-called Second Wave stage where an after work is ongoing with continual improvement that involves changes that employees need to understand and act upon. To learn how to work with these recurrent misadventures is of importance because it is seen as a critical factor in order to take advantage of the ERP system and its benefits. To study this a study was conducted through personal interviews at Apoteksgruppen AB which a few years ago introduced a new ERP system. There the authors saw that employees learned in different ways depending on the position, and that the more responsibility this person had the greater freedom this person had to resolve their problems and therefore learned more effectively. The internal support team also proved to play a more important role in addition to this learning.

Based on the author's dissertation, Johns Hopkins. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-192) and index.

Based on the author's dissertation, Johns Hopkins. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [189]-192) and index.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-04-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 merenciano_lh_me_arafcl.pdf: 1583595 bytes, checksum: 1c2514fb507c404d712d7d902df524cf (MD5) / A procura do leitor brasileiro pelo discurso de auto-ajuda tem sido um fato inegável contemporaneamente. Por isso, este trabalho visa descrever a organização e o funcionamento dos textos de auto-ajuda mais vendidos de 1991 a 2006, a partir dos rankings “auto-ajuda e esoterismo”, listados semanalmente pela revista Veja. A partir de um corpus organizado por meio do levantamento dessas listas de livros, o objetivo central consiste em sugerir uma tipologia lingüística para os discursos de auto-ajuda mais vendidos atualmente. A abordagem semiótica de orientação greimasiana possui critérios adequados de descrição do plano de conteúdo, com vistas a oferecer uma definição tipológica mais refinada dos discursos. Os níveis fundamental, narrativo e discursivo, na sua dimensão sintagmática e paradigmática, do percurso gerativo de sentido, podem oferecer um quadro suficiente de elementos descritivos, segundo a maior ou menor incidência dos seus componentes na organização dos discursos, tais como: o investimento axiológico das categorias fundamentais (euforia e disforia); os percursos dos actantes funcionais (destinador-manipulador, destinatário-sujeito e do destinador-julgador); as fases da narrativa (manipulação, competência, perfórmance e sanção); a natureza do objeto-valor (cognitivo ou pragmático, modal ou descritivo); a projeção do sujeito da enunciação (as marcas do enunciador e do enunciatário); e a constituição discursiva (textos predominantemente figurativos, predominantemente temáticos ou equivalentemente temático-figurativos). A auto-ajuda, à maneira dos discursos técnicos (manuais de montagem, receitas de cozinha, por exemplo), tende a privilegiar a fase da competência. Nesta, o percurso do destinador-manipulador contribui para que o seu enunciatário (a projeção do leitor) saiba e possa construir o valor subjetivo que procura. Nesse caso... / The Brazilian reader’s search for self-help discourses has been a fact nowadays. For this reason, this work proposes to study the linguistic and discursive processes related to bestselling books of self-help literature in the period 1991-2006, by means of the lists of bestsellers in the Self-Help genre organized and listed weekly by Veja, a Brazilian news magazine. Starting from a corpus collected from these book lists, the aim is to suggest a linguistic typology for the current best-selling self-help books. The methodological perspective of Greimasian semiotics has appropriate criteria for the description of the level of contents, aiming at suggesting more elaborate typological definitions of discourses. The deep, narrative and discursive levels, in its syntagmatic and paradigmatic dimensions of the generative process of meaning, can offer enough descriptive elements, according to the large or small incidence – focus – of its semiotic components in the organization of discourses, such as: the axiological investment of thymic deep components (euphoria and dysphoria); the path of functional actants (sender-manipulator, receiver-subject and sender-judge); the narrative phases (manipulation, competence, perfórmance and sanction); the characteristics of the object of value (cognitive, pragmatic, modal or descriptive); the projection of the subject of enunciation (how sender and receiver can be linguistically manifest); and the discursive level components (texts which are predominantly thematic, predominantly figurative or thematic and figurative in equal measure). Self-help books, similarly to technical discourses (culinary recipes, instruction manuals), tend to focus on the phase of competence. In it, the sender-manipulator makes its receiver-subject (the reader’s discursive projection) “knowing-how-to-do” and “be able-to-do” so he or she elaborate the subjective object wanted...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Aplicações computacionais voltadas para o auxílio ao diagnóstico (Computer-Aided Diagnosis - CAD) estão se tornando cada vez mais freqüentes. O objetivo dessas aplicações é fornecer ao profissional da área médica ferramentas que auxiliem na detecção precoce de patologias diversas. Nesse contexto, algoritmos que satisfaçam o interesse do usuário em encontrar imagens semelhantes a um caso específico podem ser desenvolvidos. Essas buscas devem ser feitas por similaridade, considerando a informação visual da imagem e não utilizando os recursos do processo convencional de busca textual, o qual compara parâmetros fornecidos pelo usuário com valores de atributos armazenados. As técnicas que permitem esse desenvolvimento são descritas na literatura como recuperação de imagens baseada em conteúdo (Content-Based Image Retrieval - CBIR). O maior desafio nessa abordagem é determinar o conjunto de características que descrevem o conteúdo da imagem adequadamente. No presente trabalho foram implementados algoritmos para extrair as características das imagens médicas utilizando as transformadas Wavelet e Wavelet Packet. A transformada Wavelet Packet tem maior capacidade para distinguir as freqüências quando comparada com a transformada Wavelet \"tradicional\". Esse estudo explora tal propriedade e analisa o desempenho dessas abordagens matemáticas na recuperação das imagens médicas por conteúdo. Ao final do estudo pôde-se estabelecer um comparativo entre os resultados obtidos com os vetores gerados a partir dos dados extraídos por ambas transformadas. Considerando-se que na área médica a precisão na obtenção das informações tem importância fundamental, a transformada Wavelet Packet revelou vantagens relevantes sobre os métodos tradicionais que aplicam a transformada Wavelet. Gráficos recall x precision e confusion matrix forneceram medidas da eficácia de recuperação. / Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) applications are becoming more frequent each day. This application\'s objective is to provide tools for the medical professional that help in the precocious detection of different pathologies. On this context, algorithms that satisfy the user interest to find similar images related to a singular case can be developed. Such searches must be done considering the visual information instead of using common resources employed in textual conventional procces\'s searches, which compares parameters provide by the user to attribute\'s values stored. The techniques that admit such development are depicted in the literature as Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). The great challenge here is to define the features that represent the image appropriately. In the present research were implemented algorithms to extract the images features using the Wavelet transform and Wavelet Packet transform. A Wavelet Packet transform distinguish frequencies better than the \"tradicional\" Wavelet transform. Therefore this study explores such properties and analyze the both mathematics approaches performance in the medical images retrieval. A comparative can be estabilished between the results obtained with the vectors produced using extracted data in both transforms. Considering that in the medical area the precision to obtain informations has fundamental importance, the Wavelet Packet transform revealed relevant advantages compared to the traditional methods that use the Wavelet transform. Recall x precision graphs and confusion matrix provides retrieval efficiency measures.

The thesis first addresses the typology of cutting problems and their relationship to the packing problems. These are categorized (Wascher et al (2005)) according to 5 basic kriteria into the so-called "refined problem types", which is the sufficiently detailed and practical segmentation of cutting problems. The thesis deals with a selected sample of some of the most interesting algorithms from the wide range of those used to solve the cutting problems. The Viswanathan-Bagchi algorithm for the exact solution of constrainted two-dimensional orthogonal Cutting stock probléme with gillotine cuts is briefly described. It enables to process a wide range of additional problem constraints. The body of the thesis concentrates on heuristic algorithms used to solve orthogonal Open dimension problems. The Best-fit algorithm according to Burke et al. (2004) is described in detail. The work introduces two modifications of this algorithm that helped improve the solution in 42 out of the 89 benchmark problems, while a worse solution was achieved only in 10 of them. Moreover, new and more effective data structures and procedures that enable to solve the testing exercise with approx 50 000 rectangles in just about 2,5 seconds have been introduced.

Submitted by Helena Laneuville Teixeira Garcia (laneuvillehelena@gmail.com) on 2017-05-26T19:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 698751 bytes, checksum: a42e995534698e498fe856b2bc63c1d1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2017-05-30T13:36:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 698751 bytes, checksum: a42e995534698e498fe856b2bc63c1d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-30T13:36:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Final.pdf: 698751 bytes, checksum: a42e995534698e498fe856b2bc63c1d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / This thesis develops a simple model to represent a procurement situation with two main features. The first is that the optimal level of production cannot be fully anticipated when suppliers build their plants due to demand shocks. The second is that producers competing for a supply contract typically have different technologies within an efficient frontier, characterized by a trade-off between the marginal cost of production and the fixed cost per unit of capacity. With this framework in mind, we investigate how the shape of the frontier and the distribution of shocks affect efficient technology choices when the planner knows firms' technologies (first-best) and when she doesn't (second-best). In addition, we characterize how and when a well established real-life mechanism such as a quasi-linear score auction may implement second-best social welfare. We find that, if there is a strict preference over technologies in first-best, a quasi-linear score auction may implement second-best allocations. However, there is a non-neglectable case in which countervailing incentives arise, i.e. firms' allocations may be distorted either upwards or downwards with respect to first-best depending on their technologies. In that case, the planner may optimally choose to hire more than one firm, and there is no quasi-linear score auction that provides the social welfare achieved in second-best.