It is natural to suppose that mental and physical properties are importantly distinct. Yet whatever this difference is, it has to be compatible with interaction between the mind and the body. Satisfaction of these desiderata leads to a paradox. If you make the mind strongly separate from the body, then there is the problem of bringing them together. If you unite them, then there is the problem of preserving their distinctiveness. It is the aim of this thesis to resolve the paradox. From the outset, it is assumed that the nature of interaction is most satisfactorily explained by an account of mental properties in monistic terms. For reasons for space, the arguments of Materialism are concentrated upon at the exposure of Idealism. Three strategies are examined, and found wanting. First, an instance of a non-reductive account provided by Davidson's 'Anomalous Monism'. Here, mental properties seem to be left with no role in influencing behaviour. Second, a review of reductionist accounts, ranging from Identity Theories to Representationalism. Criticism focuses upon the failure of reductionism to explain the connection between the function of a conscious state and its particular character. A Materialist treats mental states as if they were part of the physical universe. This implies that the nature of these states may be understood through scientific investigation, in the same manner as all other phenomena. The third strategy is to deny the above implication: that is, deny the assertion that, by existing, all aspects of an object are thereby knowable. The ideas of Colin McGinn are discussed as an example of this position. Since his arguments are equally suitable for non-Materialist purposes, they do not constitute an exclusively Materialist solution to the above paradox. This thesis offers an alternative way of pursuing the above strategy. It argues that the relation between mental states and our ways of understanding phenomena, is such that we should not expect our theories about the nature of 'mind' and the 'physical world' to employ the same terms. These properties appear distinct, not because they are different substances, but because they occupy different sides of the ‘process of understanding’ - ‘thing understood’ relationship. For convenience, this position is referred to as ‘Agnostic Materialism’. As interaction between the mind and the body is compatible with the mind having no influence upon our behaviour, it is incumbent upon the thesis to defend Materialism against the claim that mental properties are epiphenomenal. This is achieved by teasing out two ways in which such properties are considered inert: either because the workings of the mind are independent of the body; or because the mind’s processes are irrelevant to those of the body. The first claim is seen arise from the difficulty of seeing the mind as part of the physical world - a difficulty removed by the arguments in the previous paragraph. The second claim gains plausibility through a mistaken adherence to certain models of scientific explanation.

The competitive market of today is characterized by globalization, because of that organizations increased demands from customers on the services as well as on product. In other word, the customer is focusing on buying the service in same way as they buy products. For that the trust in relationships is considered as an important and effective factor when the business to business partners want to achieve growth profitability, and long term time. In order to reach high trust in relationships between customers and suppliers, ability to measure trust in relationships and to improve it is important. One to know how to be able to follow up the trust in the relationships between customers and suppliers, maintain and develop relationships for as long as possible in order to reach the company's goals. The first step in the project was data collection via an email survey and by direct contact with those companies by phone. Then the data was used to make an analysis by comports the results with pervious theories. The analysis enabled to identify the different types of factors which makes the trust in relationships more strong and stable .In the last chapters results are discussed and it was found that the each company has its own way to follow up the relationships to maintain the trust in relationships for longer  time to a achieve their goals and profit. The conclusions are each company have different way of measuring and regardless of which indicators are used for measuring the trust in relationships between the customer and service supplier, they must be  linked directly to the organization's  goals to maintain and  continuity relationships for as long as possible in order to reach the company's goals. The effective trust is important factor which lead to the partners feeling they belong to each other’s which the relationships between them  take a partner form which lead to long term time and profitable relationships and strong trust in relationships.

Especially for last three decades many of the scholars have tried to provide general terrorist profile, which is commonly usable for all terrorists. They were seeking to identify the process of becoming terrorist (Sageman, 2004; Russel&Miller, 1977; Strentz, 1988; Hassan, 2001). The main problem on those studies is that, without looking at degree of involvement of terrorist they just focus on “who becomes a terrorist and why” and they prefer to ignore different type of characteristics about terrorist. Yilmaz (2009) tried to underline and answer this subject by studying on arrest results about DHKP/C and Hizbullah terrorist organizations in Turkey. This study aims to analyze socio-demographic and motivational differences of PKK terrorist organization members who are belong to different involvement degrees (active participant and supporter).

A comparison of the legal regulation of relationship between parents and children in the Czech Republic and Italy The purpose of this thesis is to provide an overview of the basic differences between legal regulation of the relationship between parents and children in the Czech Republic and Italy. This theme was chosen because of the different historical development and social conditions in both countries, which results in a different concept of parenthood and other relations derived from it. The study is divided into three main parts, that in particular reflect the formation and area of application of relations between parents and children and eventually means of protection of a child as long as he is not provided with proper care in his family environment. These parts are: a) parenthood, b) the content of relationship between parents and children, c) substitute parenthood and substitute education. Each part contains two chapters for a better comparison. The first always briefly outlines the Czech legal regulation and the second chapter is devoted to a deeper explanation of the Italian regulation. Basic differences of both legal systems are explicitly highlighted. Subchapters focus on individual legal institutions of family law relating to the relationship between parents and children or other...

The author of this thesis examines the style of P. Papinius Statius'poetics in two of his descriptive poems from the Silvae. In the Introduction she puts forth basic data of his life and works. Then she describes Flavian building program and activities of Roman élite in relation with Statius' other descriptive poems. The author consequently puts separately both poems in question, that is Silvae 1.1. and 4.6, in historical and artistic context, then she summarizes existing research on the poems, then she defines genre, style and literary background of each poem and examines their structure. At the end of each chapter the author presents latin text and czech translation, commentary and analysis of typical elements of Statius's poetics in particular sections of the poems according to their structure. In the Conclusion the author summarizes what she has learned about the style of Statius' descriptive poems in relation to the people and objects described.

Title: A study of applying copulas in data mining Author: Martin Ščavnický Department: Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathe- matical Logic Supervisor: RNDr. Ing. Martin Holeňa CSc., Department of Theoretical Computer Science and Mathematical Logic Abstract: Copulas are functions that describe the relationship between a multivariate distribution function and its marginals. They provide a way to model multivariate distribution functions, and are extensively used in finance and studied in data mining. In practice, there are many different copula families and no standard way for choosing the right one. In our work, we compare suitability of different copula families in data mining. We fit classification data using 8 copula families and compare them using 3 mea- sures of fit. We also use a classification algorithm based on copulas and compare its accuracy for different copula families. The results indicate that elliptical copulas fit our data better, but hierarchical Archimedean copulas give comparable accuracy in the classification. We also propose and test a modified method for modelling data using hierarchical Archimedean copu- las, which fits some datasets with negative dependence between attributes better. Based on this modified method, we propose a visualization of depen- dence in data and observe...

A presente dissertação tem como escopo a análise das situações em que a eleição da arbitragem como meio adequado de solução de conflitos possibilitará - ou, em algumas hipóteses, tomará imprescindível - a atuação do Poder Judiciário, via processo judicial. Uma das premissas básicas de que parte o estudo em tela reside no fato de que a arbitragem, enquanto mecanismo extrajudicial de solução de conflitos livremente escolhido pelas partes, não estará sujeita à intervenção indiscriminada do Poder Estatal. Essa relação entre juízes togados e árbitros suscita o debate de diversas questões de ordem prática, algumas patológicas e ainda pouco exploradas pela doutrina, as quais serão aqui enfrentadas. Nos ocuparemos, deixando sempre clara a independência de um e de outro, da inter-relação entre o processo arbitral e o processo judicial, partindo do estudo das seguintes fases: pré, durante e pós arbitragem. A importância desta dissertação decorre da constatação de que a arbitragem vem sendo cada vez mais adotada como método adequado de solução de contendas e de que a inter- relação entre os processos arbitral e judicial ora estudada, por vezes, dá azo a situações práticas até então não solucionadas. Nesse panorama, parece-nos que o estudo das hipóteses em que o Poder Judiciário será provocado a atuar justamente em virtude da eleição do processo arbitral pelas partes, seja antes, na constância ou até mesmo depois de encerrada a arbitragem, não só será bastante útil e atual, como de extrema relevância prática para a moderna ciência processual civil brasileira. Por fim, cumpre destacar que este trabalho combina o estudo da teoria ao exame de casos concretos, a fim de verificar como o Poder Judiciário vem decidindo em matéria de arbitragem, o que lhe confere inquestionável importância técnica. / The scope of this dissertation involves analysis of situations in which opting for arbitration as an appropriate means of conflict solution will render possible - or, in some cases, essential- involvement of the Judicial Branch via legal proceedings. One of the basic assumptions underpinning this study is the fact that arbitration, while being an extrajudicial conflict resolution mechanism freely chosen by parties, will not be subject to indiscriminate intervention by the State. Such relationship between judges and arbitrators provokes debate of several practical issues; some pathological and still relatively unexplored by doctrine, to be examined herein. We will deal with the interrelation between arbitral and judicial processes - while clearly acknowledging their independence from each other - based on study of the following phases: pre, during and post arbitration. The importance of this dissertation arises from the evident fact that such proceedings are increasingly adopted as a suitable method of resolving differences and that the interrelation between arbitral and legal processes studied herein may, at times, give rise to theretofore unresolved practical situations. In such scenario, it is clear to us that the study of situations in which the Judiciary is called upon to act in virtue of election by parties for arbitration, whether before, during or even after such proceedings are concluded, will not only prove useful and topical, but will also be of utmost practical relevance to the science of modern Brazilian civil procedural law. Finally, it is worthy of note that this paper combines theoretical study with examination of real finalized cases in order to see how the Judiciary deliberates in respect of arbitration, thereby conferring unquestionable technical importance upon it as a study.

Orientador: Edson Sekeff Zampronha / Banca: Martha Herr / Banca: John Boudler / Resumo: O presente trabalho de mestrado tem como seu principal objetivo demonstrar que a aplicação de diferentes métodos analíticos a uma mesma obra e sua posterior comparação é uma metodologia eficaz para o estudo da linguagem musical, em particular de uma obra específica e que, através deste procedimento, informações de interesse teórico e interpretativo, que vão além da aplicação isolada de cada método, podem ser alcançadas. Para tanto, foi feita a análise de um movimento de grande duração inserido em uma obra extensa, composta pelo austríaco Gustav Mahler (1860-1911): a Sinfonia nº3. Sobre esta obra foram realizadas três análises: formal segundo Schoenberg e Rosen; motívica, segundo Réti; e schenkeriana, segundo Salzer.Os métodos foram comparados entre si, de modo a identificarem-se as convergências e divergências entre eles; com base nas divergências e convergências, foramindicadas possibilidades de leitura da obra. Ao final, estes resultados foram confrontados com gravações realizadas por grandes orquestras, tendo à frente regentes reconhecidos como grandes intérpretes da obra de Mahler, verifinco como foram solucionados os problemas de divergência analítica e observando, ainda, se as convergências podem ser confirmadas em suas interpretações. / Abstract: The present Master's Degree dissertation seeks to demonstrate that the utilization of different analytical methods to a single opus, and their posterior comparation, in an efficient method for the study of musical language, particularly of an specific opus, and that, through this procedure, information on theoretical and interpretative interest that go beyond the isolated utilization of each method can be reached. Therefore, three analysis of the first movement of Gustav Mahler's 3rd Symphony were made. The three analysis were; formal, according to Schoenberg and Rosen; motivic according to Réti; and schenkerian, according to Salzer. The methods were compared to each other so it would be possible to identify similarities and differences amont them. Then, based on these similarities and differences, possibilities of reading of the work were indicated. In the end, these results were confronted with recording made by great orchestras, conducted by great maestros well-known as great interpreters of Mahler's opus, verifying how the problems of analytical diffrences were resolved and observing as well if the similarities coud be confirmed in their interpretations. / Mestre

Muitos foram são os fatores que justificaram a realização desta pesquisa sobre a relação professor-escola-família na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos de idade, dentre eles, as constantes mudanças históricas, sociais, econômicas e culturais vivenciadas pelas duas instituições (escola e família) na atualidade. Quanto aos objetivos este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo geral: pesquisar sobre a relação professor-escola-família na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos na instituição de ensino. Já, os objetivos específicos buscaram: investigar como os professores, as famílias e a equipe técnica (direção e coordenação) concebem a relação entre si; e verificar quais são as estratégias utilizadas pela escola a fim de viabilizar a participação das famílias e dos professores na educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos. O estudo em questão trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica, do tipo estudo de casos, que realizou-se em duas escolas, uma pública e uma privada, localizadas na região central da cidade de Londrina, Paraná. Nessas escolas, foram selecionados dois grupos de crianças, na faixa etária de 4 a 6 anos de idade, suas respectivas famílias e professores, bem como, a direção e coordenação de cada instituição, sendo um grupo da educação infantil e outro do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos. Quanto à metodologia, a mesma caracteriza-se como quanti-qualitativa, pois, ao se reportar aos dados obtidos por meio de questionários, por exemplo, é conveniente e ético quantificar o levantamento da opinião dos participantes da pesquisa sobre um determinado assunto. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: a) pesquisa documental; b) sessões de observação; c) diários de campo; d) aplicação de questionário aos pais e/ou responsáveis, à direção, à coordenação pedagógica e aos professores dos grupos pesquisados. Quanto à organização do trabalho, o mesmo está disposto em quatro capítulos: 1) Diferentes constituições familiares; 2) A relação escola-família na educação infantil e no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos; 3) Encaminhamento metodológico; 4) As crianças e os adultos na instituição de ensino: construindo relações: apresentação e discussão dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram a importância de estudos e discussões sobre a diversidade de arranjos familiares no âmbito escolar; do contato direto dos professores e da equipe técnica (direção e coordenação) com as famílias; da utilização de diferentes instrumentos de comunicação e de diferentes estratégias no trabalho com as famílias; que as lições de casa favorecem a aproximação entre as duas instituições (escola-família); a existência de encontros e desencontros de ideias entre os professores, a escola e as famílias, o que é natural e saudável nas relações humanas, entretanto, uma das escolas mostrou-se mais resistente que as famílias em lidar com tal situação. Evidenciou-se também em um dos casos a baixa, e no outro, a ausência da participação das famílias na elaboração da proposta pedagógica contrapondo-se ao esperado pelas instituições de ensino. Por fim, acredita-se que a temática desta pesquisa poderá trazer contribuições significativas para a educação da criança de 4 a 6 anos, nas escolas de educação infantil e nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. / Nowadays, many factors justified the work of this research about the relationship among teacher, school and family in the child education with four till six years old and among these factors with the many historical, social, economic and cultural changes, living between the two institutions: school and family. This work of researching had as general objective the relationship among teacher, school and family in child education with four till six years old in the pedagogic institution. The specific objectives look for to investigate how the teachers, the families and the technical pedagogic team (director and coordinator) imagine the relationship among themselves and to check what are the strategies used by the school to check the participation of the families and the teachers in the process of children education with four till six years old. The study in question is based ethnographic research, like a case study, that was realized in two schools, public and private, situated in the central region of Londrina, Paraná. In these schools, were selected two children groups, with four till six years old, theirs respective families and teachers, as so well the director and pedagogic coordinator of each pedagogic institution, been one group from childish education and the other coming from the first year of the basic education of nine years. About the methodology, it makes itself up like quantitative-qualitative form, so, when it reports the conditions obtained from the questionnaires, for example, is convenient and ethical to quantify the result participant opinion of the research about one of the specific subject. The instruments used were: a) documental research; b) observation sections; c) field daybooks; d) application of questionnaires to the parents or responsible for them, to the school director, to the pedagogic coordinator and to the teachers which works in the researched group. About the work organization, it was made in four chapters: 1) Different familiar shapes; 2) The relationship between school and family in the childish education and in the first grade from the basic education with nine years; 3) Methodological guide; 4) The children and the adults in the educational institution building relationships: presentation and discussing of the conditions obtained. The research results showed the importance of studies and discussing about the diversity of familiar arranges in the school; the direct contact of the teachers and the technical team (director and coordinator) with the families; the using of different instruments in communication and the different strategies of the work with the families. It showed that the homework propitiates the contact between both institution (school and family) and so the existence of meeting and discordance of ideas among the teachers, the school and the families is natural and healthful in human relationships. Otherwise, one of the schools showed itself hardy to deal with this situation. It also showed in one of the cases the low relationship, and in the other school, the absence of the familiar participation in the pedagogic proposition set over against to the educational institution wished. At the end, it believes itself that the research theme will make expressive contributions to the child education with four till six years old, in childish education schools and in the initial grades of the basic schooling.

O objetivo central desta tese é analisar o desempenho econômico de um conjunto amplo de países sob a ótica da competitividade externa, que explicita a competitividade estrutural relativa das economias. Para isso esta tese conta com três ensaios. O primeiro ensaio constrói um índice de qualidade da pauta exportadora e qualidade da pauta importadora para 143 países e comprova a significância desses índices na determinação da renda per capita. Além disso, o ensaio utiliza os resultados para analisar os canais de transmissão entre setor externo e renda apontados por alguns modelos de crescimento. O segundo ensaio faz um teste do modelo de crescimento sob restrição externa para um conjunto de 137 países utilizando uma nova metodologia empírica que recupera a idéia de teste conjunto sem recair em vários problemas de endogeneidade, recorrendo a técnicas de painel. O terceiro ensaio elabora um modelo Kaldoriano de causação cumulativa e o aplica para a economia brasileira no período 20032008. O modelo revela que a economia brasileira passou por um ciclo virtuoso de crescimento que se originou no mercado externo e foi internalizado pela economia. Com os argumentos explorados nos três ensaios comprova-se o papel da competitividade externa no desempenho econômico das nações e debate-se alguns dos canais de transmissão entre setor externo e renda. / The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the economic performance of nations in the 2000s on the perspective of external competitiveness. For that, this thesis has three essays. The first essay builds an index of quality of export basket and an index of quality of import basket for 143 countries and demonstrates the significance of these indexes in determining the per capita income. Moreover, the essay uses the results to discuss the transmission channels between the external sector and income indicated by some growth models. The second essay is a balance-ofpayment constrain growth test applied to a set of 137 countries, using a new empirical methodology that recovers the idea of a whole test for several countries, without falling into various problems of endogeneity, using panel techniques. The third essay elaborates a Kaldorian model of cumulative causation and applies to the Brazilian economy 20032008. The model reveals that the Brazilian economy went through a virtuous cycle of growth that originated in the external sector and was internalized by the economy. With the arguments explored in the three essays, it was possible to prove the role of external competitiveness in economic performance and to discuss some of the transmission channels between the external sector and income.