El presente estudio orientado a demostrar la factibilidad para la implementación de una planta productora de un macerado en base a pisco y hoja de coca. / The present study, aimed to demonstrate the feasibility for the implementation of a plant producing a macerated pisco and coca leaf. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze the position of the Coca-Cola Company on the Czech market of non-alcoholic beverages using retail audit data. First of all, the information about non-alcoholic beverages market in the Czech Republic is provided as setting the context for the analysis itself. This includes the facts such as size, market structure and trends both in terms of covered categories and producers operating within the market. Subsequently, the Coca Cola Company as the globally largest producer of non-alcoholic beverages is presented into the given context and in relation to the main producers on the Czech market with emphasis on the segment of cola flavored drinks is assessed its position. The analysis primarily using hard retail audit data is in the final part of the thesis enriched with the results of the consumer survey delivering the important insights of consumers themselves.

Dissertation presents theoretical approaches to category management including the definition of its 8-step process. The implementation of category management is shown on examples of the Coca-Cola company, which support functionality of suggested methodology and objectives from the beginning of this dissertation.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyze the system of taxation of alcoholic beverages in the Scandinavian countries. The main aim of this thesis is to compare the taxation of alcoholic beverages in the Nordic countries with taxation in the rest of the European Union. The first part is theoretical and focuses on defining the concepts of tax competition, tax harmonization and coordination. It also includes harmonization of excise duties on alcoholic beverages based on the Directives of the European Union. The second part relates to the consumption of alcoholic beverages and deals with the historical aspect, changes in consumption patterns and the level of consumption in the Nordic countries. The third part deals with the taxation of alcoholic beverages, its development and differences in the Nordic countries compared with other countries of the European Union. In the second and the third part is carried out data analysis through statistical hypothesis testing and calculation of the coefficient of variation. The fourth part contains the evaluation. The thesis is peformed using descriptive, research, analytical and comparative methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The main outcome of this thesis is the finding that in all kinds of examined alcohol except spirits there is a different (for still wine and intermediate products even very different) level of taxation in the Nordic countries and other countries of the European Union.

O Brasil produz atualmente cerca de 1,5 bilhão de litros de aguardente e cachaça por ano. O aumento do consumo dessa bebida e a possibilidade de exportação exigem que seu processo de fabricação seja baseado em práticas corretas visando à obtenção de um produto padronizado e com boa qualidade físico-química e sensorial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a produção de aguardentes por dupla destilação em alambique retificador, por métodos utilizados na produção de cognac e scotch malt whisky. Foi possível estudar como essas técnicas de destilação interferem no perfil dos componentes secundários da bebida e, consequentemente, em sua qualidade, uma vez que contribuem para seu aroma e sabor, sendo indicadores de qualidade e aceitação pelos consumidores. As aguardentes foram maturadas em tonéis de carvalho e submetidas às análises físico-químicas estabelecidas pela legislação vigente no Brasil, e à análise sensorial. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que as técnicas de dupla destilação empregadas proporcionaram melhora na qualidade química e sensorial das aguardentes, podendo representar uma opção válida para um melhor controle da produção e da padronização da aguardente de cana. A melhora da qualidade da aguardente poderá incrementar a aceitação pelos consumidores habituais, ganhar novos consumidores e contribuir para a expansão das exportações. A dupla destilação, como preconizada por este trabalho é uma alternativa para a melhoria da qualidade das aguardentes. / Nowadays the production of sugar cane spirits reaches around 1.5 billion liters per year. The increase of its consumption and the possibility of exportation require a production process based on accurate management practices in order to obtain a standardized product with good physicochemical and sensory qualities. The objective of this work was to produce sugar cane spirits by double distillation in rectifying still, based on the methods for the production of cognac and scotch malt whisky. It was possible to study how the distillation techniques affected the profiles of secondary components of the distillates, and consequently spirits quality, once these components contribute for aroma and flavor, being indicators of quality and consumers acceptance. The sugar cane spirit were aged in oak casks and submitted to physicochemical and sensorial analyses established for the current law in Brazil. The results showed that the techniques of double distillation improved the chemical and sensorial quality of the spirits. The improvement of sugar cane spirits quality would lead to a better acceptance by usual consumers, would acquire new ones and would contribute for export expansion. The double distillation represents an interesting option for the quality improvement and the standardization of sugar cane spirit.

Neste trabalho, foram estudadas estratégias para caracterização de bebidas à base de soja (BBS), por meio de análises por espectroscopia no infravermelho médio com transformada de Fourier com acessório de reflexão total atenuada (FTIR-ATR). Foram utilizadas 20 amostras comerciais de BBS, de 7 diferentes sabores e 3 diferentes marcas. Os teores estudados nas BBS foram glicídios totais, glicídios redutores, glicídios não redutores, e proteínas totais. Os modelos de regressão multivariada foram construídos por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS), empregando como seleção de variáveis os métodos de mínimos quadrados parciais por intervalo (iPLS) e mínimos quadrados parciais por sinergismo de intervalos (siPLS). As seleções de variáveis por siPLS apresentaram os melhores resultados para os modelos construídos. Entre as propriedades avaliadas, a de glicídios totais apresentou modelos com erros de calibração e previsão (RMSECV e RMSEP) baixos, e coeficientes de determinação (R2cv e R2prev) próximos de um. Para proteínas totais, os modelos apresentaram resultados promissores, pois também tiveram erros de calibração e previsão (RMSECV e RMSEP) baixos, e coeficientes de determinação (R2cv e R2prev) próximos de um, considerando-se que as amostras reais e não apresentavam uma variabilidade de concentração de proteínas ideal. Para as propriedades de glicídios redutores e glicídios não redutores, não foram obtidos bons resultados para os modelos de regressão. Desta forma, a metodologia proposta apresenta potencial em análises de rotinas para determinação simultânea de glicídios totais e proteínas, atendendo aos requisitos referente às informações nutricionais na rotulagem das BBS, somando-se às vantagens da espectroscopia no infravermelho, tais como rapidez na análise, elevada frequência analítica, pequena quantidade de amostra necessária, baixo custo, não ser destrutiva e ser ambientalmente amigável. / In this work, strategies were studied for the characterization of soy-based beverages (SBB), by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). Twenty commercial samples of SBB were used, of 7 different flavors and 7 different brands. The contents studied in SBB were total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugars, and total proteins. The multivariate regression models were constructed by partial least squares (PLS), with evaluation of the methods by interval partial least squares (iPLS) and by sinergy interval partial least squares (siPLS), for selection of variables. The selections of variables per siPLS presented the best results for the constructed models. Among the evaluated properties, the total sugar content presented models with low calibration and prediction errors (RMSECV and RMSEP), and determination coefficients (R2cv and R2prev) close to one. For total proteins, the models presented promising results, as they also had low calibration and prediction errors (RMSECV and RMSEP), and determination coefficients (R2cv and R2prev) close to one, considering that the actual samples did not present an ideal protein concentration variability. For the properties of reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, good results were not obtained for the regression models. In this way, the proposed methodology presents potential in routine analysis for simultaneous determination of total glycogen and protein, taking into account the requirements referring to the nutritional information in the SBB labeling, adding to the advantages of the infrared spectroscopy, such as speed in the analysis, high analytical frequency, small amount of sample required, low cost, non destructive and environmentally friendly.

No description available.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la frecuencia de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y el perímetro abdominal en estudiantes de Medicina Humana en una Universidad Privada de Lima. Metodología: Estudio transversal que incluyó a 200 estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina Humana, seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Se realizó un modelo de regresión Poisson para hallar las razones de prevalencia (RP) por las variables que en el análisis bivariado dieron como resultado diferencias entre grupos o un p<0.10. Resultados: Se observó que no hay relación significativa entre el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y el aumento de perímetro abdominal (p>0.05). Pero, sí se demostró que las mujeres consumían más ml de alcohol (p=0.05) y que esto no era un factor de riesgo para tener perímetro abdominal alto. No se observaron resultados significativos en el resto de las variables (p>0.05). Conclusiones: Las estudiantes mujeres que consumían mayor cantidad de ml de alcohol tienen menor probabilidad de tener PA elevado, sucediendo una reacción contraria en los estudiantes varones estudiados. / Objective: To determine the association between the frequency of alcoholic drinks consumption and the abdominal perimeter in students of Human Medicine in a Private University of Lima. Methodology: Transversal study that included 200 students of Human Medicine, selected through a non-probabilistic sampling. A Poisson regression model was carried out to find the reasons for prevalence (RP) for the variables that in the bivariate analysis gave differences between groups or a p<0.10. Results: It was observed that there is no significant relationship between alcohol consumption and increase in abdominal circumference (p>0.05). However, it was shown that women consumed more ml of alcohol (p=0.05) and that this was not a risk factor for having an upper abdominal girth. No significant results were observed in the rest of the variables (p>0.05). Conclusions: Female students who consumed more ml of alcohol were less likely to have high AP, with a contrary reaction occurring in the male students studied. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this study was to explore alcohol use among psychiatric in-patients in a mental hospital in Ethiopia. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected through face to face structured interviews and a document analysis checklist. A researcher-modified interview-version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire was used to measure alcohol use. The study population comprised of 70 psychiatric in-patients. Data analysis showed that being male, living in an urban area, being diagnosed with schizophrenia, and having parents who drink alcohol had a statistical significant association with the alcohol use of the respondents. Respondents reported that it was difficult to abstain or stop using alcohol. They also felt discriminated against when forbidden by relatives to drink. It was alarming to find that thioridazine, which has been discontinued in most countries for the treatment of psychosis, was still being prescribed in Ethiopia. The study highlighted the need for health education to strengthen patients’ perceptions about the negative consequences of alcohol use. Care should be taken when prescribing psychotropic drugs such as thioridazine to psychiatric in-patients because of possible cardiotoxic effects. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Introduction: The consumption of fast food and soft drinks is a risk factor for developing overweight and obesity. This study aimed at assessing if there is association between household socioeconomic level and the consumption of fast food and soft drinks among children. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional assessment of the data from the third round (2009-2010) of the youngest cohort of the Young Lives study in Peru was conducted. Sampling was conducted in three stages: In the first one, the country was divided into equal geographical regions, excluding the 5% of the richest district; in the second stage, 20 sentinel sites were chosen and an area within each sentinel site was selected. Finally, in the third stage, eligible children were selected. Outcomes were the self-reported consumption of fast food and soft drinks (never, sometimes, and always), whereas the exposure was household socioeconomic status (in quintiles). Crude and adjusted models were created between variables of interest using Poisson regression models, with robust variance, to report prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Data of 1901 children, of which 942 (49.6%) were girls, with a mean age of 7.5 (SD: 0.5) was analyzed. A total of 24.1% (95%CI: 22.2%-26.1%) reported always consuming fast food, whilst this number was 22.4% (20.5%-24.3%) for soft drinks. Compared to the lowest socioeconomic quintile, those who were in higher socioeconomic status had more probability of consuming fast food and soft drinks (Chi-squared for trends <0.001). The highest socioeconomic quintile had a greater probability to always consume fast food (PR=1.42; 95%CI: 1.08-1.88) and soft drinks (PR=1.71; 95%CI: 1.24-2.37). Conclusions: This study shows that there is a significant association between the household socioeconomic level and the consumption of soft drinks and fast food. / Revisión por pares