Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:04:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8851_1.pdf: 4717828 bytes, checksum: 592acd5b2b91d1cead758a1666f091db (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / As indicações clínicas da core biopsy obedece aos mesmos critérios utilizados para biópsia cirúrgica, mas não há consenso na literatura quanto a sua indicação para avaliação das lesões na categoria mamográfica BI-RADS® 5 (ACR/Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System). Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre as alterações mamográficas e o diagnóstico histopatológico de material obtido por core biopsy estereotáxica de lesões mamárias impalpáveis classificadas na categoria mamográfica BI-RADS® 5, estabelecendo o valor preditivo positivo da mamografia nas lesões altamente suspeitas de malignidade. Materiais e métodos: Por meio de estudo retrospectivo, transversal, analítico, de comparação entre métodos diagnósticos, foram analisadas 70 core biopsies de lesões mamárias impalpáveis, classificadas radiologicamente como altamente suspeitas de malignidade (BI-RADS® 5), de 70 pacientes, atendidas em serviços privados de Anatomia Patológica e Radiologia da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, no período de 2001 a 2006. Resultados: Eram do sexo feminino 68 (97,1%) pacientes e 2 (2,9%), do masculino. A idade variou de 17 a 87 anos, com média de 58 ± 15 anos. A mama esquerda foi acometida em 42 (60%) casos e a direita, em 28 (40%). Predominaram localização das lesões no QSE (44 casos; 62,9%) e nódulos irregulares espiculados (49 casos; 70%), 11 (15,7%) dos quais associados a microcalcificações. As microcalcificações estavam presentes em 31(44,3%) casos; sendo 16 (22,9%) casos não associados a nódulos, distorção arquitetural ou densidade assimétrica. As core biopsies foram constituídas por 3 a 16 fragmentos (média: 6±2). Não houve diferença na distribuição de freqüência de número de fragmentos em função dos diagnósticos histopatológicos (p>0,05) ou radiológicos (p=0,63). Houve diagnóstico de: 59 (84,3%) casos de carcinoma, 7 (10%) casos de lesões benignas e 4 (5,7%) com lesão borderline. O carcinoma invasivo foi o mais freqüente (49 casos; 70%) e em 15 (21,4%) casos associou-se a componente in situ. O carcinoma in situ puro correspondeu a 10 (14,3%) casos. Houve associação significante entre nódulos irregulares espiculados e carcinoma invasivo (41 casos; 58,6%; p=0,005). O tipo histológico mais encontrado foi o carcinoma ductal invasivo (34 casos; 69,4%). Dentre os carcinomas invasivos, 36 (73,5%) casos tiveram grau histológico 2, com predomínio da soma dos escores igual a 6 (34 casos; 69,4%). O CDIS padrão comedônico puro associou-se mais freqüentemente às microcalcificações. O valor preditivo positivo da avaliação mamográfica na categoria BI-RADS® 5 foi de 84,3%. O maior valor preditivo positivo foi verificado em nódulo irregular espiculado com microcalcificações, com ou sem, sem microcalcificações e microcalcificações sem nódulo (100%, 87,8%, 84,2% e 75%, respectivamente). Conclusões: A avaliação mamográfica das lesões impalpáveis enquadradas como altamente suspeitas de malignidade foi de alto valor preditivo para o diagnóstico de câncer, a maioria correspondendo a carcinoma invasivo. Os nódulos irregulares espiculados tiveram um alto valor preditivo para o diagnóstico de carcinoma, particularmente, quando associados às microcalcificações

This master’s thesis deals with designing of the reporting solution for the selected company. In the theoretical part its describing the present state of the topic, defines the basic terminology, clarifes theoretical background and explain how to understand to a concept of business intelligencem reporting or information systém. Next part describes the design of the solution. This thesis then concludes with brief evalution of the solution and recommendation for the company.

South Africa (SA) is home to 11 official named languages; its Language in Education Policy (LIEP) identifies multilingualism as one of the defining characteristics of its citizenry (DOE, 1997). Moreover, English is the official Language of Learning and Teaching (LOLT) in most ex-Model C schools nationwide. It is the language that is reported to be valued by the middleclass, people who are known for placing a high premium on education (Soudien, 2004; Alexander, 2005). The aim of this ethnographic Language Socialisation study is to explore the language socialisation experiences of a Grade R child in a Black middle-class multilingual family residing in a Cape Town suburb. The study is framed by the question: What are the language socialisation experiences of a child from a Black middle-class multilingual family? It uses a socio-cultural approach, drawing from linguistic anthropology, applied linguistics and sociolinguistics to critically analyse the language ideologies, language practices and linguistic repertoires evident in both the home and school domains across which the young child traverses. Concepts such as multilingualism, Family Language Policy and ‘mother tongue’ identity are reviewed and used to gain insight into the lived language experiences of the Grade R child. The concepts of assimilation (Soudien, 2004) and anglonormativity (Christie & McKinney, 2017) are reflected on as markers of school language practices and ideologies. Findings reveal that the Grade R child is an emergent multilingual who participates meaningfully in multilingual conversations with her family but only produces English. Despite the evident heteroglossia (Bhaktin, 1991) of the family’s language practices through translanguaging (Garcia, 2009; Creese and Blackledge, 2010) and drawing from the range of resources in their linguistic repertoires (Busch, 2012), the parents continue to use their Tswana and Xhosa ethnicity as markers of their language identities. The parents want their children to speak their heritage languages for identity reasons. They also want them to speak English to ‘fit in’ with their peers and to access learning. They see the teaching of Tswana and Xhosa as their sole responsibility thereby absolving the school. Their view enables the schools’ status quo of anglonormativity to go unchallenged. The child, thus, experiences heritage languages as identity markers and languages reserved for home, and English as a valuable language resource that gives access to learning. The notion of a single language identity remains complex for a child who is expected to be multilingual at home but monolingual at school.

Kinetics and thermodynamics of bismuth (Bi) underpotential deposition (UPD) on ruthenium (Ru) and on electrochemically formed Ru oxide are studied using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique. The Bi UPD and Bi bulk deposition are observed both on Ru and on electrochemically formed Ru oxide electrodes. The anodic peak potential of Bi UPD shifts slightly to positive potential as the scan rate increases. The peak current ratio (IAnode/ICathode) of Bi UPD and Bi bulk increases as the scan rate increases. Bi monolayer coverage calculated from mass (MLMass) and from charge (MLCharge) with scan rates dependent are compared both in Bi UPD region and in Bi bulk region. Stability and oxidation time effects are also investigated. Bi UPD on Ru and on electrochemically formed Ru oxide are quasi-reversible, scan rate independent, oxidation time dependent, and have higher plating efficiency on Ru. However, Bi bulk deposition on Ru and on electrochemically formed Ru oxide are quasi-reversible, scan rate dependent, oxidation time independent, and have higher plating efficiency on electrochemically formed Ru oxide. Both Bi UPD adatoms and Bi bulk are unstable in 0.5M H2SO4.

L'industrie est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie dans le monde et la majeure partie de sa consommation est électrique. Pour moduler la consommation et équilibrer les périodes creuses et de pic, les producteurs d'électricité dans de nombreux pays pratiquent une tarification différenciée, en anglais "time-of-use (TOU) policy", afin d’encourager les industriels et les particuliers à adapter leur consommation. Cette stratégie incite les gros consommateurs industriels, en particulier le secteur semi-conducteur où la fabrication se fait souvent par lots, à réduire leurs factures d’électricité en adaptant leur production.Dans ce travail, nous étudions plusieurs problèmes d’ordonnancement de production par lots avec tarification différenciée d'électricité. Nous nous intéressons d’abord à l’ordonnancement d’une machine par lots pour minimiser le coût total d’électricité et le makespan. Le deuxième problème étudié généralise le premier en considérant le coût d’électricité pendant les périodes inactives de la machine telles que les périodes de réglage ou d'attente. Enfin, nous traitons l’ordonnancement sur machines parallèles par lots avec des pièces non identiques. Pour chacun de ces problèmes, nous construisons des modèles mathématiques appropriés, et évaluons sa complexité. Pour la résolution, nous proposons plusieurs méthodes de ɛ-contrainte dans lesquelles des sous-problèmes sont transformés en problèmes de sac-à-doc, de sacs-à-doc multiples et ou de bin packing. Nous développons aussi une méthode itérative à deux étapes. Les performances des méthodes développées sont évaluées à l'aide d'un grand nombre d'instances représentatives générées au hasard. Les résultats numériques montrent l'efficacité de ces méthodes par rapport au logiciel commercial CPLEX. / The industrial sector is the largest consumer of the world's total energy and most of its consumption form is electricity. To strengthen the grid's peak load regulation ability, time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing policy has been implemented in many countries to encourage electricity users to shift their consumption from on-peak periods to off-peak periods. This strategy provides a good opportunity for manufacturers to reduce their energy bills, especially for energy-intensive ones, where batch scheduling is often involved. In this thesis, several bi-objective batch scheduling problems under TOU tariffs are studied. We first investigate a single machine batch scheduling problem under TOU tariffs with the objectives of minimizing total electricity cost and makespan. This primary work is extended by further considering machine on/off switching. Finally, a parallel batch machines scheduling problem under TOU tariffs with non-identical job sizes to minimize total electricity cost and number of enabled machines is studied. For each of the considered problems, appropriate mathematical models are established, their complexities are demonstrated. Different bi-objective resolution methods are developed, including knapsack problem heuristic based ɛ-constraint method, multiple knapsack problem heuristic based ɛ-constraint method, bin packing heuristic based ɛ-constraint method and two-stage heuristic based iterative search algorithm. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Extensive numerical results show that the proposed algorithms are more efficient and/or effective for the studied problems than the commercial software CPLEX.

[pt] No comportamento de sistemas mecânicos a relação entre força aplicada e deslocamento resultante não obedece sempre a uma lei linear, de proporcionalidade constante. É bastante comum o fenômeno da histeresse mecânica, em que o deslocamento resultante depende da força aplicada e do sentido do deslocamento, ainda que não seja atingido o limite de escoamento, em nenhum ponto do sistema. Neste trabalho propomos um modelo baseado na associação paralela de elementos bi-elásticos, que apresentam histerese apresenta contornos diferentes da histerese bi-linear. É obtida então uma solução para a resposta de amplitude do sistema, em regime estacionário, quando excitado por um deslocamento harmônico. Os resultantes foram tabelados com o auxílio de um computador digital IBM. A verificação dos resultados foi feita por meio de feixes de molas, basicamente semelhantes aos usados na suspensão de veículos, excitados em uma mesa vibradora eletrodinâmica. As medições das respostas de deslocamento do sistema concordem razoavelmente com as previsões teóricas. / [en] The mechanical behavior of systems does not always represent a linear relationship applied force and displacement. Mechanical hysteresis generally occurs in such systems, even though yielding does not occur. In this work a model is proposed, based on a parallel arrangement of spring elements with have a bilinear hysteresis behavior. The statistical with has a non-bilinear hysteresis behavior. The steady state of the amplitude response of the system, wich is submitted to a harmonic displacement excitation, obtained by the useof a digital computer. Verification of these results were made by comparision with na experimental analysis of a leaf spring system, similar to those used in vehicle suspension. The experimental model was excited by a vibration table. Mechanical measurements in this real system confirmed with sufficient precision the predictions of the theorical model.

Today, the construction industry handles and analyzes a lot of data manually. This can be a very time-consuming process that could be improved by introducing Business Intelligence (BI). BI is a technology that could visualize the current status of a company automatically, with the help of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).MVP Software is a company that has developed a project management tool, ”Projektportalen”, for companies in the construction industry. MVP Software would like to enhance their application with BI functionality.This thesis researches, through a case study, how BI functionalities could be integrated into the web application Projektportalen. The case study consisted of interviews and explorations of Microsoft’s product Power BI.The final result is a list of desired BI functionalities in Projektportalen. The result also consists of a suggested updated architecture of Projektportalen for a Power BI integration and how an example dashboard could be created. Actual implementations in source code could be conducted in the future to integrate Power BI. The example dashboard could also be further developed into a dashboard prototype. / Byggoch hantverksbranschen använder idag mycket manuell datahantering och manuell analys av data. Detta kan vara en tidskrävande process som skulle kunna effektiviseras genom Business Intelligence (BI). BI är en teknologi som automatiskt, med hjälp av nyckeltal, kan visa hur en verksamhet presterar och mår.MVP Software är ett företag som utvecklat projektverktyget ”Projektportalen” för byggoch hantverksbranschen. De vill nu utöka Projektportalen med BIfunktionalitet.Den här rapporten undersöker, genom en fallstudie, hur BI-funktionalitet skulle kunna integreras i webbapplikationen Projektportalen. Fallstudien bestod av intervjuer och enklare testkörningar av Microsofts produkt Power BI.Resultatet blev i slutändan en lista med önskvärda BI-funktionaliteter för Projektportalen. Resultatet består också av ett förslag på en uppdaterad applikationsarkitektur för att möjliggöra integrering av Power BI samt hur en enkel exempeldashboard skulle kunna skapas. Vidare tekniska undersökningar behöver göras för att ta reda på hur applikationens källkod ska utökas för att möjliggöra integrering av Power BI. Exempel-dashboarden skulle också kunna utvecklas vidare till en mer komplett dashboard-prototyp.

<p>An investigation of the steady state response of a non-linear system provided with an impact vibration absorber is made. The term non-linear in the present case refers to a system in which the spring restoring force is bi-linear./p><p> The effect of two main parameters viz. clearance d o (i.e. the free path of travel of the mass particle) and mass ratio μ = m/M (i.e. mass ratio between the mass particle and the primary system) on amplitude of vibration of the system has been investigated experimentally over a range of frequency.</p> <p>A numerical analysis of the problem is made with the aid of a digital computer to supplement the experimental results.</p> <p> It has been found that with proper choice of parameters an impact vibration absorber is effective in reducing vibration level of a nonlinear system undergoing sinusoidal excitation.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Das hygroskopische Verhalten von Holz wird im Kontext zahlreicher Anwendungen des Materials zumeist negativ interpretiert. Durch einen grundlegenden Perspektivwechsel werden Potenziale und Lösungsansätze sichtbar, die interessante Zukunftsperspektiven für das reaktive Phänomen des Werkstoffes eröffnen. Im Rahmen einer Masterthesis im Studiengang Architektur wurde ein Konzept entwickelt, welches das Quell- und Schwindverhalten zur Realisierung klimasensitiver Verschattungselemente aus Bi-Layer-Holzfurnieren nutzen möchte. Die feuchte- und temperaturbedingten Formänderungen von Holz sind vom Maß der Feuchtezufuhr, vom Schnittbereich des Holzes und von dessen Struktur abhängig. Vor dem Hintergrund des natürlichen Ursprungs des Materials resultiert daraus ein kaum vorhersagbares Verformungsverhalten. Das Projekt folgt der Idee, die Formänderung durch die Kombination von zwei Furnierarten maßgeblich zu beeinflussen. Durch eine schubsteife Verklebung der Furniere eröffnet sich ein weites Feld an Kombinationsmöglichkeiten von Parametern (Furnierdicke, Faserausrichtung, Dimension), um zunächst deutlich weniger streuende Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Um das Krümmungsverhalten der Bi-Layer zu untersuchen, wurde eine Versuchsserie von sechs Kombinationsvarianten mit jeweils zwei Proben pro Variante konzipiert und in einem Klimaschrank mit drei Versuchsarten durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis der Versuche konnte die Eingangsthese plausibilisiert werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zeigen erhebliche Potenziale das Materialverhalten kalkulierbar und skalierbar zu machen. Auf der Basis der Messwerte und der per 3D-Scan aufgenommenen Biegeverhalten wurde ein parametrisches Simulationsmodell erzeugt und genutzt, um den Anwendungsansatz als Verschattungspaneele in der Architektur an einer Musterfassade zu veranschaulichen.

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