Les circulateurs à ferrite sont des dispositifs essentiels et indispensables dans les chaînes de communication radiofréquences. Ils assurent l’aiguillage des signaux selon leur provenance, en favorisant la propagation de l’onde EM dans une direction plutôt que dans une autre. De ce fait, ils permettent de dissocier les signaux d’émission et de réception. Ils utilisent les propriétés d’anisotropie et de non-réciprocité des matériaux ferrites lorsque ces derniers sont aimantés par un champ magnétique statique. Leur mise au point s’avère assez délicate. D’un point de vue industriel, pour répondre à un cahier des charges, sont souvent obligés aujourd’hui de partir de designs existants qu’ils font évoluer « au coup par coup » grâce au savoir-faire de quelques spécialistes. Des réglages longs, fastidieux, et coûteux sont donc nécessaires et ils ne garantissent pas toujours une solution optimum. Il est en outre souvent difficile d’imaginer de nouveaux designs. Le principal but de ces travaux de thèse est de mettre au point une méthode de conception fiable permettant de prendre en compte les phénomènes physiques mis en jeu (perméabilité tensorielle, effets magnétostatiques, modélisation numérique robuste) afin d’obtenir des dispositifs opérationnels, sans réglage et aux performances optimisées. / Biased ferrite circulators have known a great technological progress, searching for fulfill the exponential growth of many new applications. Their operation is directly linked to the anisotropic characteristic of ferrite material to create non-reciprocity phenomenon. Their design remains quite complicated in view of several limitations of their high-frequency modelization. The main goal of this thesis is to establish a complete methodology which aims to take into account all the physical features related to such a device, to offer a reliable results with optimized performances and to minimize the post-tuning step which remains problematic for the industry of circulators.

Le forgeage multi-matériaux est un procédé permettant la mise en forme et l’assemblage simultanés de matériaux différents. Ce procédé permet d’obtenir des pièces multi-matériaux avec le « bon matériau placé au bon endroit ». L’objectif des travaux de thèse est de définir les conditions nécessaires à l’établissement de la liaison métallurgique par forgeage à l’interface d’un couple d’aciers. Dans un premier temps, l’état de l’art a servi à l’identification les phénomènes physiques accompagnant le forgeage multi-matériaux et les paramètres clés pilotant l’établissement de la liaison métallurgique. Le principe de base de l’établissement d’une liaison passe par la fragmentation des oxydes en surface des matériaux et par l’application d’une pression de contact favorisant le contact entre les matériaux nus et la diffusion. Les deux paramètres clés identifiés sont donc la pression normale de contact et l’expansion de surface. Le protocole de caractérisation du co-forgeage mis en place comporte trois essais « simples » permettant de solliciter les interfaces avec des pressions et des expansions différentes. Ces dernières, estimées par simulation numérique de l’essai, sont mises en relation avec la qualité des liaisons obtenues évaluée, quant à elle, au travers d’observations métallographiques. Les premières simulations permettent de dimensionner les campagnes expérimentales. Celles-ci sont ensuite conduites sur les moyens de mise en forme de la plateforme VULCAIN. Les efforts de mise en forme et la géométrie globale des pièces et la répartition de matière servent de base à l’identification des paramètres de la simulation. La simulation ainsi obtenue et les observations métallographiques aux interfaces sont ensuite mises en lien. Cette démarche a permis de confirmer l’importance du rôle joué par la pression de contact et l’expansion de surface sur l’établissement d’une liaison au cours de la mise en forme du multi-matériaux. La répartition et la forme des particules d’oxydes semblent liées au chemin thermomécanique subi par l’interface. / The multi-material forging is a forming process allowing, simultaneously, the welding and shaping of multi-material parts with the right material at the right place. The purpose of the presented work is to identify the necessary conditions to obtain a metallurgical bond during forming between two different grades of steel. First, the state of the art allowed the identification of the physical phenomena occurring during multi-material forging and the determination of the key parameters of the bonding which are the contact pressure and the surface expansion at the both sides of the interface. The mechanisms to establish metallurgical bond by forging are based on the breaking and the dispersion of the oxide layer at the interface then the extrusion of the soft material through the voids generated between the oxide fragments. Second, the characterization methodology of this work is presented. It consists of three “simple” forming tests leading to different interface conditions (contact pressure and surface expansion). The first simulations allow the design of the experimental plan for each test. The comparison between simulations and experiments allows the identification of physical parameters of the simulation. Then, the contact pressure and the surface expansion of the identified simulations are used to analyze the metallographic structure and the bonding at the interface.The developed work confirms the major effect of the contact pressure and the surface expansion on the establishment of a metallurgical bond during multi-material forming. The size and the shape of the oxide particles seem to depend on the thermomechanical path at the interface.

All big and important decisions come through analysis. The main aim of the analysis is to examine or investigate more complicated problems by decomposing them into simpler ones whereas we come to certain conclusions on the basis of a detailed recognition of particularities. This diploma thesis is dedicated to analytic tasks solving techniques in Business Intelligence which would describe and support the whole process of analysis, its needs and premises in real surrounding environment. During the project I cooperated with Clever Decision company and took part in the real project. This company deals with Business Intelligence solutions/applications development and this project is meant to set the method of how to treat the development of the solutions. My work consists in designing a template of BI analysis method which is a part of a complex technique. The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce my own method of Business Intelligence solution analysis, to introduce its basic components and common work instructions for this method. I reached my aim by analyzing documents and reports provided by Clever Decision company and other methods and suggestions. The main contribution of my diploma thesis is that the method works as a draft for assistance and standardizing the process of Business Intelligence solution analysis in Clever Decision company. This draft can nevertheless work as a basis for creating a wholly new method. My work consists of three parts. The first part, a theoretical one, deals with recapitulation of basic terms and methods I worked with. The second part represents properties, components and general working instructions for this method. It moreover presents main outputs, more precisely documents that are practical attachments to the method itself. The third part introduces the method itself including presentation of outputs/document drafts designed by me.

Business intelligence is an effort to better understanding of company processes and business consequences in which company occur. The main goal of this thesis is to characterize the principles and possibilities of implementation and application Business intelligence in small or medium enterprise. This goal should be achieved by description of general needs which small or medium enterprise, looking forward to use business intelligence, has. This includes evaluation and universal description of information technologies in small and medium enterprises, as well as what data are used for managerial decisions and how are they made. In order to implement BI into the small or medium enterprise, it is necessary to imply how the Business intelligence work and on what principles. The application part of this thesis describes real procedures in preparation of BI implementation, impact on company and evaluation of the meaningfulness of this solution.

A modelagem de motores a combustão interna deve grande parte de sua importância ao uso de unidades de controle eletrônicas que buscam gerenciar as funções do motor. De forma a fornecer melhor suporte para o projetista de controle, a modelagem oferece informações que servem de planta, sobre a qual estratégias de controle serão desenvolvidas. Nesta dissertação, procurou-se estudar e modelar cinco fenômenos: a admissão de ar e de combustível, a produção de energia efetiva através da combustão, a evolução térmica do motor e o comportamento dos gases no sistema de exaustão. Investigou-se também, em todos estes fenômenos, a influência do uso de composição variada gasolina/etanol. Na admissão de ar, buscou-se estudar como a abertura da válvula borboleta e a velocidade do motor influenciam no fluxo de ar admitido, ponderando esta grandeza através de um fator de correção denominado eficiência volumétrica. Na admissão de combustível, no caso modelada para motores com injeção indireta na porta, procurou-se explanar quantitativamente sobre os diversos aspectos que influenciam a evaporação do combustível. Na geração de energia útil, priorizou-se a análise de como as características do motor e da combustão afetam a produção de torque. Na evolução térmica do motor, examinaram-se os principais fluxos energéticos do motor e os aspectos que os influenciam. Ademais, foram executadas as validações dos modelos levantados para o motor EA 111 VHT 1.6l. Os resultados, com seus respectivos erros, podem ser encontrados neste trabalho. / The internal combustion engine modeling owes big part of its importance to the use of electronic control units that aim to manage the engine functions. To provide better support to the control designer, the modeling offers information that can compose the plant, on which control strategies will be developed. In this master thesis, it was sought to study and to model five phenomena: the air intake and the fuel admission, the effective energy production from the combustion, the engine thermic evolution and the gas behavior in the exhaust system. It was also considered how the influence of the gasoline/ethanol varied composition affects all these phenomena. In the air intake, it was studied how the butterfly valve opening and the engine speed influence the intake air flow, pondering this variable through a correction factor named volumetric efficiency. In the fuel admission, in the case of this study modelled for port-fuel injection engines, it was attempted to explain quantitatively the many aspects that influence the fuel evaporation. In the mechanical energy generation, it was prioritized the analysis about how the engine and combustion characteristics affect the torque production. In the engine thermic evolution, it was examined the major energy flows and the aspects that influence them. Also, the validations of the models raised for the EA 111 VHT 1.6l engine were executed. The results, with its respective errors, can be found in this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Cristina de Barros Rossi.pdf: 22721863 bytes, checksum: 0f9771f09e78b9bda3619702c8935257 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-02 / Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie / This work presents a vast investigation on the drawing and composition techniques as regards to their bi-dimensional level and its echo on the tri-dimensional space. By means of a non normalized organization of spaces, it´s purpose is to verify how the composition in the visual plan contributes to the gradual development of the composite experience of tridimensional spaces: it is about a fundamental teaching and learning paradigm on the early stages of architecture and Urbanization studies, time in which the students hold a higher liberty expression taking into consideration that at this time the commitment do constructive techniques and the specific functions of architecture are not yet emphasized. In order to comprehend the questions that surround bi and tri-dimensional spaces, an inquiry about the visual composition itself means, before all, to analyze its co relations according to our new perceptions holding the concepts, the representation techniques and the language of materials used to its purpose. It is about the phenomena that contour other perceptive channels, being them of sensorial character as logics, which determines it s inter disciplinary character: in this sense, there is a need of research and development in the theoretic and scientific areas as well as in the experimental artistic manifestation and in nonverbal thoughts. The purpose that drives us in this study is the singularity of the visual perception directly bonded to the objects and tri-dimensional spaces vision process characteristics and the syntactic possibility of its representations on the bi-dimensional plan, having as a support the graphic design as a basic element of the composite process: in order to achieve these aims, various methodological procedures are verified which can be experimented on their elaboration and their consequent results. Perception and representation, the act of thinking graphically, the sensibility contaminated by the visual qualities, were some of the themes already discusses previously in our Master dissertation in which in this present work will be revised and complemented by means of deeper reflections about the paradigm very specific formal relations of the visual composition that acts in a dialect form when related in both distinct natures, bi-dimensional and tridimensional. It is about an experimental beginning of the speculation of the formal and volumetric qualities, with emphasis on the creative methods and on the management of various language supports that conceives and represents them, as well as to more complexes relations that involve perception, sense and the meaning for the human being on the social, historic, behavioral and emotional scopes. / Esse trabalho apresenta uma investigação sobre as técnicas do desenho e da composição no plano bidimensional e seus rebatimentos nas concepções do espaço tridimensional visando o aguçamento da percepção visual. Por intermédio da organização não normatizada de espaços, tem por objetivo verificar como a composição no campo visual do plano contribui para o desenvolvimento gradual da experiência compositiva de espaços tridimensionais: trata-se de paradigma fundamental de ensino e aprendizagem no início do curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, época em que os alunos possuem maior liberdade expressiva na medida em que ainda não são enfatizados os compromissos com as técnicas construtivas e com as funções específicas da arquitetura. Com a finalidade de compreender as questões que envolvem os espaços bi e tridimensionais, indagar sobre os elementos próprios da composição visual significa, antes de tudo, analisar as suas inter-relações de acordo com as nossas percepções e com os conceitos, as técnicas de representação e a linguagem dos materiais utilizados para tal fim. Trata-se de um fenômeno que envolve outros canais perceptivos, tanto de caráter sensoriais como lógicos, o que determina o seu caráter interdisciplinar: nesse sentido, deve ser pesquisado e desenvolvido tanto nas áreas teórico-científicas como nas manifestações experimentais artísticas e nos pensamentos não verbais. O que nos guia nesse estudo é a singularidade da percepção visual vinculada diretamente às características do processo de visão dos objetos e dos espaços tridimensionais e as possibilidades sintáticas de suas representações no plano bidimensional tendo como suporte o desenho gráfico enquanto elemento básico do processo compositivo: para atingir esses objetivos, são verificados vários procedimentos metodológicos que podem ser experimentados na sua elaboração e seus consequentes resultados. Percepção e representação, o ato de pensar graficamente, a sensibilidade contaminada pelas qualidades visuais, foram alguns dos temas já discutidos anteriormente em nossa dissertação de Mestrado e que, neste trabalho, serão revistas e complementadas por meio de reflexões mais aprofundadas sobre as relações formais dos paradigmas próprios da composição visual que agem de maneira dialética quando são relacionadas nessas duas naturezas distintas, o bidimensional e o tridimensional. Trata-se de um início experimental de especulações das qualidades formais e volumétricas, dando ênfase aos métodos criativos e à gestão dos diversos suportes da linguagem que os concebem e os representam, assim como de relações mais complexas que envolvem percepção, sentido e significado para o ser humano no âmbito social, histórico, comportamental e emocional.

La perméabilité de la peau ne permet pas la diffusion passive de grandes molécules, comme l'insuline ou encore les plasmides d'ADN, au travers de l'épiderme dans le but d'atteindre les vaisseaux sanguins. Cela est uniquement possible pour des molécules de plus petite taille comme la nicotine par exemple. Il existe différentes voies alternatives (électrique, mécanique, thermique) de délivrance transdermique permettant d'éviter l'utilisation de la seringue d'injection, qui pourraient améliorer la qualité de vie des patients atteints de maladies comme le diabète. Ces méthodes incluent par exemple les micro-aiguilles, l'électro-perméabilisation, et l'iontophorèse. L'électroperméabilisation permet, via l'application d'un champ électrique, d'augmenter momentanément la perméabilité de la peau et par conséquent de permettre le passage transdermique de molécules de haut poids moléculaire. L'objectif de ces travaux de thèse était de concevoir et de réaliser un patch nanocomposite à base de nanotubes de carbone permettant de stocker, mais également de relarguer un médicament lorsque qu'il est soumis à une électrostimulation. Pour ce faire, différents polymères ainsi que différentes techniques de mise en forme ont été explorées et développées pour permettre de démontrer la faisabilité de notre approche. Les études ont permis de proposer et de développer un hydrogel nanocomposite biocompatible comportant une matrice polymère agarose et contenant de nanotubes de carbone biparois dans le but d'améliorer les propriétés à la fois électriques et mécanique du matériau. Nous en avons étudié les différentes caractéristiques telles que la microstructure, la capacité de stockage et de relargage, ainsi que les propriétés électriques. Dans le contexte général de précaution en relation avec la mise en œuvre de nanoparticules, et sur la base de travaux antérieurs démontrant l'innocuité des nanotubes utilisés lorsqu'ils ne sont pas en contact direct avec des cellules. Nous avons aussi démontré qu'il n'y a pas de relargage des nanotubes dans des conditions extrêmes (sans électrostimulation) de température en milieu sueur artificielle. L'avancée de ces travaux a permis d'effectuer les premiers tests de délivrance transdermique ex-vivo sur peau de souris et a démontré ainsi la faisabilité et l'intérêt d'utiliser les nanotubes de carbones biparois dans une matrice en polymère pour la délivrance transdermique électrostimulée de molécules de masse molaire de l'ordre de celle de l'insuline. Cette thèse en co-direction alliant la Science des Matériaux (CIRIMAT) et la Science du Vivant (IPBS) a réuni différentes compétences lui donnant un véritable contexte interdisciplinaire. Elle s'est intégrée dans un projet de plus grande ampleur associant la Sociologie et le Droit (Défi Nano CNRS), centré sur le cas du diabète. Ceci a permis de démontrer l'intérêt de développer un tel dispositif (du point de vue des médecins et des patients), mais aussi en nous orientant vers un dispositif médical afin d'éviter de futurs écueils juridiques en termes d'application. / The permeability of skin does not allow the passive diffusion across epidermis to reach blood vessels for large molecular weight molecules such as insulin or DNA plasmids. This is possible only for small molecules such as nicotine, for example. Alternative routes of transdermal delivery exist (thermal, electrical, mechanical) that avoid injections and improve the quality of life of patients suffering of diseases like diabetes. These methods known as "Transdermal Drug Delivery" (TDD) technologies, include for example electroporation, iontophoresis and micro needles. In particular, electropermeabilisation is known to temporarily increase the permeability of the skin, consequently allowing transdermal passage of molecules of high molecular weight. The aim of this work was to conceive and elaborate an innovative needle-free device for transdermal drug delivery, made of a nanocomposite material containing carbon nanotubes to improve both electrical and mechanical properties of the biocompatible polymer matrix. This nanocomposite device aims at permeabilising the skin and delivering drug molecules simultaneously when electrically stimulated. To reach this goal, we investigated different biocompatible polymers and shaping processes, finally demonstrating the feasibility of the fabrication of such a device. We have developed a bio-sourced and biocompatible nanocomposite hydrogel with an agarose matrix and containing double-walled carbon nanotubes, and characterized it in terms of microstructure, storage and release capacity, as well as electrical properties. In the general context of precaution in relation to the implementation of nanoparticles, and on the basis of previous work demonstrating the safety of nanotubes used when they are not in direct contact with cells, we have also demonstrated that there is no release of the nanotubes under extreme conditions of temperature (without electrostimulation) in an artificial sweat medium. Finally, we have demonstrated the feasibility of its first use as a TDD system using an ex vivo mouse skin model. These results provide good evidence that the use of double-walled carbon nanotubes makes possible the transdermal delivery of large molecules with a molecular weight similar to insulin with such a nanomaterial. This thesis was in co-direction, combining Materials Science (CIRIMAT) and Life Science (IPBS) in order to gather different skills, giving it a real interdisciplinary context. Moreover, this work was integrated into a larger project (CNRS, "Nano challenge"), also including Sociology and Law, focusing on diabetes. This has demonstrated the actual demand for such a device from both the medical doctors and the patients, but also directed our work towards a medical device thanks from the juridical point of view.

No description available.

Le prochain secteur à être fortement automatisé est sans doute celui du transport routier. D’abord en environnement peu complexe comme c’est déjà le cas sur autoroute, puis à terme dans les scénarios les plus difficiles, comme ceux rencontrés au coeur du trafic urbain. Une étape intermédiaire consiste à introduire des véhicules autonomes en milieu urbain, mais hors du trafic, comme sur des sites fermés. Ces environnements présentent des caractéristiques particulières, comme un encombrement important. Alors, pour être en mesure de naviguer en toute autonomie, les véhicules doivent être à la fois agiles, précis et sûrs, mais aussi efficaces, donc rapides. Ce travail de thèse adresse deux problématiques clés de la navigation autonome en milieu encombré : la planification et le suivi de chemin pour les véhicules à deux trains directeurs (4WS). En effet, la cinématique 4WS est la réponse des constructeurs au besoin d’agilité et nécessite le développement de techniques de commande adaptées. La planification de chemin en temps-réel permet l’évitement d’obstacles, de façon à rendre le service robuste aux aléas de l’environnement. Le contrôle automatique de la direction permet ensuite de suivre ces chemins avec précision. La principale difficulté concernant la planification de chemin est le contraste entre la faible puissance de calcul embarquée sur le véhicule et la forte contrainte temporelle qu’impose le besoin de réactivité. Il s’agit donc de choisir l’approche adéquate et de mettre en place les simplifications algorithmiques les plus efficaces, c’est-à-dire qui réduisent la quantité de calculs nécessaires sans réduire la qualité des chemins générés. De plus, la planification de chemin en milieu encombré pose le problème des impasses dans lesquelles les méthodes les plus réactives restent coincées. De fait, l’approche retenue consiste à construire une fonction de navigation en deux dimensions dont est extrait le chemin. Au sens des critères choisis, il est optimal pour un véhicule circulaire. Des stratégies sont alors mises en place pour adapter cet algorithme aux véhicules 4WS de forme rectangulaire, comme la notion centrale de double-chemin qui permet de représenter la trajectoire d’un mobile à trois degrés de liberté dans un espace en deux dimensions. Enfin, d’autres stratégies et heuristiques sont introduites pour optimiser les performances de l’algorithme de planification et lui permettre de générer des manoeuvres efficaces. Concernant le développement du contrôleur de direction, il s’agit de choisir le modèle d’évolution qui retranscrit au mieux le comportement du véhicule vis-à-vis du double chemin qu’il doit suivre, puis d’en déduire les lois de commande des trains avant et arrière. Ayant été éprouvé par de nombreux travaux, le modèle bicyclette 4WS a été choisi. Ce modèle cinématique permet d’introduire facilement des angles de dérive utiles à la compensation des glissements des pneus sur le sol, qu’ils soient dus à un manque d’adhérence ou à une géométrie imparfaite des trains. Des lois de commande par retour d’état sont ensuite synthétisées et une stratégie de gestion de la saturation des actionneurs est proposée. Enfin, ce premier contrôleur est décliné en une version prédictive qui apporte un suivi de chemin d’une grande stabilité sur les véhicules réels. Les contributions ont toutes été évaluées en simulation et lors d’expérimentations en vraie grandeur sur l’EZ10, une navette électrique 4WS industrielle. Enfin, il se trouve que les performances obtenues dépassent les attentes initiales. / The next sector to be highly automated is probably road transport. First in an uncomplicated environment as is already the case on highway, then eventually in the most difficult scenarios, such as those encountered at the heart of the urban traffic. An intermediate step is to introduce autonomous vehicles in urban areas, but outside traffic, as on closed sites. These environments have particular characteristics, they can be very cluttered. So to be able to navigate autonomously, the vehicles have to be agile, precise and safe, but also efficient, i.e. fast. This thesis addresses two key issues of autonomous navigation in cluttered environments: path planning and tracking for bi-steerable (4WS) vehicles. Indeed, the 4WS kinematics is the response of the manufacturers to the need for agility and requires the development of adapted control techniques. Real-time path planning allows the avoidance of obstacles in order to make the service robust to the vagaries of the environment. The automatic control of the direction then makes it possible to follow these paths with precision. The main difficulty about path planning is the contrast between the low onboard computing power and the high temporal constraints imposed by the need for reactivity. It is thus necessary to choose the appropriate approach and to implement the most efficient algorithmic simplifications, i.e. reducing the amount of calculations without reducing the quality of the generated paths. In addition, path planning in cluttered environment raises the problem of dead-ends in which the most reactive methods remain stuck. Then, the adopted approach consists in constructing a navigation function in two dimensions from which the path is extracted. In the sense of the chosen criteria, it is optimal for a circular vehicle. Strategies are then put in place to adapt this algorithm to 4WS vehicles of rectangular shape, such as the central dual-path concept which allows to represent the trajectory of a mobile with three degrees of freedom in a two-dimensional space. Finally, other strategies and heuristics are introduced to optimize the performance of the planning algorithm and allow it to generate efficient maneuvers. Concerning the development of the controller, it is about choosing the evolution model which best reflects the behavior of the vehicle with respect to the dual-path that it must follow and then deducing the front and rear control laws. The 4WS bicycle model has shown itself to be very effective. This kinematic model makes it possible to easily introduce useful side-slip angles allowing to compensate the slippage of the tires on the ground, whether due to a lack of grip or an imperfect geometry of the axles. State feedback control laws are then synthesized and a strategy for managing the saturation of the actuators is proposed. Finally, this first controller is declined in a predictive version that provides a very stable tracking on real vehicles.The contributions were all evaluated in simulation and in full-scale experiments on the EZ10, an industrial 4WS electric shuttle. Finally, it turns out that the performances exceed initial expectations.

La mémoire épisodique lie différents éléments dans un contexte spatial et temporel particulier. Il a été proposé que lors de la récupération d‟un épisode, la ré-instanciation d‟une cohérence entre les éléments néocorticaux soit opérée grâce à une représentation spatiale allocentrée stockée au niveau de la structure hippocampique (i.e., codage de la position des objets entre eux, indépendamment de la position de l‟individu, Burgess, Becker, King, & O'Keefe, 2001; Nadel & Moscovitch, 1998). Ce travail de thèse propose de traiter la mémoire épisodique et le sentiment de projection dans son passé (i.e., conscience autonoétique) comme une qualité attribuée à une dextérité relative dans le traitement spatial égocentré mis à jour (i.e., la position, orientation et le déplacement de son corps dans l‟environnement). Le rôle des traitements spatiaux allocentrés et égocentrés mis à jour dans la mémoire épisodique a été évalué expérimentalement. Les résultats suggèrent l‟existence d‟un lien causal entre le traitement de la mise à jour égocentré et les performances de mémoire épisodique. De plus, les études ont mis en évidence l‟existence de spécificités cérébrales et comportementales de la mise à jour égocentrée confirmant l‟adéquation de ce traitement au modèle théorique proposé. Par ailleurs, en référence à cette dissociation entre l‟information égocentrée mis à jour et allocentrée, des études neuropsychologiques ont révélé la présence de déficits de la mise à jour égocentrée, et d‟une préservation allocentrée dans l‟amnésie bihippocampique qu‟elle soit acquise ou développementale. Enfin, l‟évaluation des conséquences cérébrales lors de la récupération épisodique d‟un encodage maximisant le traitement égocentré mis à jour a permis de révéler une implication spécifique des structures temporo-pariétales. Ce travail de thèse a été organisé autour d‟un modèle théorique original du fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique proposant de nouvelles prédictions expérimentales. Les approches comportementale, neuropsychologique et en imagerie fonctionnelle soulèvent à leur tour de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur le lien entre conscience de son corps et mémoire épisodique. / Episodic memory binds various elements in a specific spatial and temporal context. During retrieval, disparate neocortical elements can be re-associated into a coherent episode due to an allocentric spatial context maintained within the hippocampal formation (ie, coding for object-to-object relations, independently of the individual‟s position, Burgess, Becker, King, & O‟Keefe, 2001, Nadel & Moscovitch, 1998). Phenomenological experience is characteristic of episodic memory. In this thesis, it is described as an individual‟s attribution to a fluency in processing egocentric-updating spatial information (i.e., the position, orientation and movement of one‟s body) during retrieval. The function of egocentric-updating and of allocentric spatial processing in episodic memory was assessed experimentally. Results demonstrate the presence of a causal link between egocentric-updating and episodic memory performance. Moreover, experiments showed cerebral and behavioural specificities of egocentric-updating spatial processing supporting its involvement in episodic memory. Additionally, in line with this distinction between allocentric and egocentric-updating spatial processing, neuropsychological experiments revealed deficits in egocentric-updating with a preservation of allocentric spatial processing in both acquired and developemental bi-hippocampal amnesia. Finally, the assessment of cerebral consequences of encoding an episode while maximizing egocentric-updating processes revealed a higher involvement of temporo-parietal regions during the subsequent episodic retrieval. This thesis work was structured over an original theoretical model on episodic memory functioning allowing new experimental predictions. Combining behavioural, neuropsychological and neuroimaging approaches raised in turn new questions concerning links between episodic memory and self-consciousness.