Η παρούσα εργασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μέρη. Στην εισαγωγή γίνεται μια ιστορική ανασκόπηση. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται όλες εκείνες οι βασικές εισαγωγικές έννοιες που χρησιμοποιούνται από τη θεωρία του χάους και στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια στοιχειώδης σύνοψη της Κβαντομηχανικής, τονίζονται οι διαφορές από την κλασική θεωρία και επιχειρείται μια πρώτη προσέγγιση στο ερώτημα "μπορεί να υπάρξει κβαντικό χάος"; Επίσης γίνεται μια πρώτη αναφορά για τις στατιστικές κατανομές ιδιοτιμών και ιδιοσυναρτήσεων που παρατηρούνται στα κβαντομηχανικά συστήματα και βγαίνουν τα πρώτα θεωρητικά συμπεράσματα. Το δεύτερο μέρος είναι αφιερωμένο στα κβαντικά μπιλιάρδα. Το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο ασχολείται με τις στατιστικές ιδιότητες των ιδιοτιμών και των ιδιοσυναρτήσεων. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται αναλυτικά η μέθοδος μετασχηματισμού εφελκυσμού η οποία είναι και η μέθοδος που ακολουθήθηκε για την εξαγωγή των ιδιοτιμών στα πειραματικά μας δεδομένα. Επίσης παρουσιάζεται το μπιλιάρδο του Robnik και διάφορα άλλα μπιλιάρδα. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται τα συμπεράσματα από τη στατιστική ανάλυση των ιδιοτήτων των παραπάνω μπιλιάρδων. Επίσης υπάρχουν και τέσσερα παραρτήματα που αφορούν τη Θεωρία τυχαίων μητρών, Θεωρία διαταραχών, Στοιχειώδη τανυστική ανάλυση και άλλες αριθμητικές μεθόδους υπολογισμού των ιδιοτιμών και ιδιοκαταστάσεων κβαντικών μπιλιάρδων. / -

In this thesis we consider mathematical problems related to different aspects of hard sphere systems. In the first part we study planar billiards, which arise in the context of hard sphere systems when only one or two spheres are present. In particular we investigate the possibility of elliptic periodic orbits in the general construction of hyperbolic billiards. We show that if non-absolutely focusing components are present there can be elliptic periodic orbits with arbitrarily long free paths. Furthermore, we show that smooth stadium like billiards have elliptic periodic orbits for a large range of separation distances. In the second part we consider hard sphere systems with a large number of particles, which we model by the Boltzmann equation. We develop a new approach to derive hydrodynamic limits, which is based on classical methods of geometric singular perturbation theory of ordinary differential equations. This method provides new geometric and dynamical interpretations of hydrodynamic limits, in particular, for the of the dissipative Boltzmann equation.

Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T15:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teles_RenatodeSa_D.pdf: 3942109 bytes, checksum: 7e41b541aa6eb7a186a4956d751a32c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Fizemos um estudo sistemático dos aspectos clássicos e quânticos dos sistemas dinâmicos conhecidos como "bilhares". Introduzimos uma nova classe de bilhares classicamente caóticos cuja dinâmica quântica pode ser convenientemente descrita utilizando-se uma aproximação do tipo Galerkin, o que nos permitiu obter com boa precisão um grande numero de autovalores e autofunções e estudar algumas propriedades estatísticas do espectro de energia para esta nova classe de bilhares. Do ponto de vista da implementação numérica, estudamos também os efeitos de tamanho finito da matriz associada ao truncamento dos modos de Galerkin / Abstract: We consider classical and quantum aspects of the dynamical systems dubbed as "billiards". We introduce a new class of classically chaotic billiards for which the quantum dynamics can be conveniently described by a Galerkin type approximation, allowing us to obtain with good accuracy a large number of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions and to study some statistical properties of the energy spectrum of this new class of billiards. From the numerical implementation point of view, we consider also the finite size effects on the matrix corresponding to the truncation of the Galerkin modes / Doutorado / Matematica Aplicada / Doutor em Matemática Aplicada

The structure of wavefunctions of quantum systems strongly depends on the underlying classical dynamics. In this text a selection of articles on eigenfunctions in systems with fully chaotic dynamics and systems with a mixed phase space is summarized. Of particular interest are statistical properties like amplitude distribution and spatial autocorrelation function and the implication of eigenfunction structures on transport properties. For systems with a mixed phase space the separation into regular and chaotic states does not always hold away from the semiclassical limit, such that chaotic states may completely penetrate into the region of the regular island. The consequences of this flooding are discussed and universal aspects highlighted.

Dans ce mémoire, nous nous intéressons aux surfaces de translation. Ce sont des surfaces compactes munies d'une métrique plate, qui possèdent des singularités coniques et sur lesquelles, on peut choisir une direction verticale. De manière équivalente, une surface de translation est aussi une 1-forme holomorphe sur une surface de Riemann. Des exemples majeurs de telles surfaces sont les surfaces obtenues par “ dépliage ” de billards rationnels.Nous identifions deux surfaces de translation images l'une de l'autre par une isométrie préservant l'orientation et la direction verticale. La classe d'une surface par cette relation d'équivalence est encore une surface de translation que l'on appelle surface réduite de la surface de départ.Nous définissons les difféomorphismes affines d'une surface de translation comme les difféomorphismes de cette surface dont la différentielle est constante. Ils forment un groupe appelé le groupe affine de la surface.Le groupe SL(2,IR) agit linéairement sur l'ensemble des surfaces de translation. Le stabilisateur de la surface réduite d'une surface de translation est appelé le groupe de Veech de la surface de translation. Les éléments du groupe de Veech sont en fait les matrices jacobiennes des difféomorphismes affines. Ce groupe est un outil indispensable dans l'étude des surfaces de translation et notre travail en est une illustration. Si le groupe de Veech est un réseau de SL(2,IR), la surface est appelée surface de Veech.L'objectif de ce mémoire est de démontrer que, sur une surface de Veech donnée, les orbites denses du groupe affine s'équirépartissent sur la surface. Nous précisons bien sûr la notion d'équirépartition utilisée. Il est important de noter que les orbites qui ne sont pas denses sont finies et qu'il y en a au plus un nombre dénombrable. Ce résultat est d'abord établi pour la surface réduite de la surface de translation et permet d'en déduire le théorème pour la surface de départ. / In this thesis, we study translation surfaces. These are compact surfaces equipped with a flat metric and conical singularities. A vertical direction is fixed. Translation surfaces are in one to one correspondence with holomorphic 1-forms on Riemann surfaces. Important examples of translation surfaces arise from unfolding billiards in rational polygons.Two translation surfaces are identified if they are obtained one from the other by an isometry preserving the orientation and the vertical direction. The equivalence class of a surface is still a translation surface called the reduced surface. Affine diffeomorphisms on a translation surface are diffeomorphisms whose differential is constant. They form a group called the affine group. The group SL(2,R) acts linearly on the set of translation surfaces. The stabilizer of the reduced surface is the Veech group of the translation surface. The elements of the Veech group are in fact the derivative of the affine diffeomorphisms. This group is of great importance in the study of translation surfaces and our work illustrate this phenomenon. If the Veech group is a lattice in SL(2,R), the surface is called a Veech surface. The goal of this thesis is to prove that dense orbit of the affine group on a Veech surface are equidistributed in the surface. One has to explain precisely what equidistribution means in this context. It is important to notice that non dense orbits are finite and that the number of these orbits is at most countable. The result is first of all established for reduced surfaces and we deduce a general result for all surfaces.

Construímos um arranjo experimental para o estudo de ressonadores acústicos, que tem sido considerados como análogos clássicos de bilhares quânticos. O equipamento mantém estabilidade durante vários dias, o que é uma condição necessária para a obtenção de espectros de autofreqüências com a resolução requerida para a caracterização precisa destes sistemas. Caracterizamos 7 amostras, que são placas de alumínio com espessura < 2 mm e que possuem as seguintes geometrias: dois estádios de Sinai, com e sem dessimetrização planar; três triângulos sendo um equilátero, um retângulo e outro escaleno, este com todos os ângulos agudos e irracionais em unidades de ; além de duas amostras circulares, com e sem dessimetrização planar. Observamos que três amostras apresentam estatísticas GOE, uma 2GOE, uma semi-Poisson, uma Poisson com perda de níveis, e outra aparentemente intermediária entre a GOE e a 2GOE, que nao foi possível classificar. A qualidade dos dados também permitiu a obtenção das energias dos espectros, onde obtivemos resultados coerentes com a classificação a / We have built an experimental apparatus to study acoustic resonators which have been considered as classical analogs of quantum billiards. The equipment was able to keep the stability during several days, which is a requirement to the precise eigenfrequency measurements allowing a characterization of the systems. We have characterized 7 samples made of aluminum plates with thickness smaller than 2 mm having the following geometries: two Sinai\'s stadiums (with and without planar symmetry), an equilateral triangle, a rectangle triangle, and a scalene triangle with three acute and irrational angles, and two circular shaped samples, with and without planar symmetry. We observed that three of the samples followed the GOE statistics (the asymmetrical Sinai stadium, the rectangle triangle and the scalene one). The asymmetrical Sinai stadium was described by 2GOE statistics, the equilateral triangle by the semi-Poisson, the symmetrical circle by a Poisson with missing levels and the asymmetrical circle has statistics apparently between 1GOE and 2GOE which was not possible to classify. The high quality of data allowed us to calculate the spectra energies and we found these results compatible with the previous one.

xvi, 116 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This dissertation focuses on low-dimensional electron transport phenomena in devices ranging from semiconductor electron 'billiards' to semimetal atomic clusters to gold nanoparticles. In each material system, the goal of this research is to understand how carrier transport occurs when many elements act in concert. In the semiconductor electron billiards, magnetoconductance fluctuations, the result of electron quantum interference within the device, are used as a probe of electron transport through arrays of one, two, and three connected billiards. By combining two established analysis techniques, this research demonstrates a novel method for determining the quantum energy level spacing in each of the arrays. That information in turn shows the extent (and limits) of the phase-coherent electron wavefunction in each of the devices. The use of the following two material systems, the semimetal atomic clusters and the gold nanoparticles, is inspired by the electron billiard results. First, the output of the simple, rectangular electron billiards, the magnetoconductance fluctuations, is quite generally found to be fractal. This research addresses the question of what output one might expect from a device with manifestly fractal geometry by simulating the electrical response of fractal resistor networks and by outlining a method to implement such devices in fractal aggregates of semimetal atomic clusters. Second, in gold nanoparticle arrays, the number of array elements can increase by orders of magnitude over the billiard arrays, all with the potential to stay in a similar, phase-coherent transport regime. The last portion of this dissertation details the fabrication of these nanoparticle-based devices and their electrical characteristics, which exhibit strong evidence for electron transport in the Coulomb-blockade regime. A sketch for further 'off-blockade' experiments to realize magnetoconductance fluctuations, i.e. phase-coherent electron phenomena, is presented. / Committee in charge: Jens Noeckel, Chairperson, Physics; Richard Taylor, Member, Physics; Heiner Linke, Member, Physics; David Strom, Member, Physics; James Hutchison, Outside Member, Chemistry

Orientador: Prof. Dr Gustavo Michel Mendoza La Torre / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2014. / Classical billiards are versatile models for detecting efects of the billiard table over dynamical properties of Hamiltonian systems. Similarly, quantum billiards are ultra-small versions of the same table but now their properties are re ected on eigenvalues of the stationary Schrodinger equation for certain boundary conditions. Integrable and chaotic signatures must distinguish systems at any scale in order to ensure quantum-classical correspondence in the limit ~ ! 0. We demonstrate the classical properties that characterize system dynamics. Also, two intermediate cases are added to debate - mixed and pseudointegrable - for the understanding of possible transitions between dierent dynamics. To do so, the role of action-angle variables in Hamiltonian maps must be discussed. In the quantum context, we seek for ngerprints of classical properties through a systematic study on Local Density of States (LDOS) generated by Green's function numerical methods applied to a lattice representing a Tight-Binding Hamiltonian. We analyze scatisticically the distributions of LDOS from ground state to suciently high levels of energy, trying to identify new characteristics of these systems. This study aims to stimulate experimental measures on LDOS capable to map these signatures through an AFM tip (Atomic Force Microscopy).

Construímos um arranjo experimental para o estudo de ressonadores acústicos, que tem sido considerados como análogos clássicos de bilhares quânticos. O equipamento mantém estabilidade durante vários dias, o que é uma condição necessária para a obtenção de espectros de autofreqüências com a resolução requerida para a caracterização precisa destes sistemas. Caracterizamos 7 amostras, que são placas de alumínio com espessura < 2 mm e que possuem as seguintes geometrias: dois estádios de Sinai, com e sem dessimetrização planar; três triângulos sendo um equilátero, um retângulo e outro escaleno, este com todos os ângulos agudos e irracionais em unidades de ; além de duas amostras circulares, com e sem dessimetrização planar. Observamos que três amostras apresentam estatísticas GOE, uma 2GOE, uma semi-Poisson, uma Poisson com perda de níveis, e outra aparentemente intermediária entre a GOE e a 2GOE, que nao foi possível classificar. A qualidade dos dados também permitiu a obtenção das energias dos espectros, onde obtivemos resultados coerentes com a classificação a / We have built an experimental apparatus to study acoustic resonators which have been considered as classical analogs of quantum billiards. The equipment was able to keep the stability during several days, which is a requirement to the precise eigenfrequency measurements allowing a characterization of the systems. We have characterized 7 samples made of aluminum plates with thickness smaller than 2 mm having the following geometries: two Sinai\'s stadiums (with and without planar symmetry), an equilateral triangle, a rectangle triangle, and a scalene triangle with three acute and irrational angles, and two circular shaped samples, with and without planar symmetry. We observed that three of the samples followed the GOE statistics (the asymmetrical Sinai stadium, the rectangle triangle and the scalene one). The asymmetrical Sinai stadium was described by 2GOE statistics, the equilateral triangle by the semi-Poisson, the symmetrical circle by a Poisson with missing levels and the asymmetrical circle has statistics apparently between 1GOE and 2GOE which was not possible to classify. The high quality of data allowed us to calculate the spectra energies and we found these results compatible with the previous one.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-08T13:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 paulocesarignaciodasilvafilho.pdf: 478866 bytes, checksum: 883dfa24e474221cdd52a8dc34720114 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:32:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulocesarignaciodasilvafilho.pdf: 478866 bytes, checksum: 883dfa24e474221cdd52a8dc34720114 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:32:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulocesarignaciodasilvafilho.pdf: 478866 bytes, checksum: 883dfa24e474221cdd52a8dc34720114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo de Aplicações de Campos de Jacobi aos Sistemas Dinâmicos, seguindo alguns trabalhos desenvolvidas por [6] que utilizam tais campos para caracterizar fluxos geodésicos do tipo Anosov. Em seguida foram desenvolvidas alguns conceitos envolvendo Fluxo Magnético com o trabalho de Gabriel P. Paternain e Keith Burns [2] e por último foram desenvolvidos aplicações de tais campos para a dinâmica do Bilhar [14]. / This dissertation treat the study of Aplications of Jacobi Fields in the Dinamycal System, following some works by [6], that use these fields to characterizae geodesic flows of Anosov type. Then such apllications have been developed some concepts concerning Magnetic Flows with the work of Gabriel P. Paternain e Keith Burns [2] and were finally developed for the dynamic Billiards [14].