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Imunitní odpověď u kriticky nemocných pacientů / The Immune response in critically ill patientsMelichová, Jana January 2010 (has links)
Cardiosurgery is a potent activator of the immune response similar to sepsis in critically ill patients. Therefore the differential diagnostics of infectious and non-infectious etiology plays an important role. The aim of the study was to compare the biomarkers in the diagnostics of patients after cardiosurgery and in septic patients. 24 patients fulfilling criteria of sepsis and 8 patients after cardio surgery were involved in the study. We demonstrated higher specificity and sensitivity of PCT in comparison with CRP at diagnostics of sepsis. sTREM-1, expression of TREM-1 on monocytes, TREM-1 on granulocytes and the number of FoxP3+T regulatory lymphocytes do not provide a reliable differential diagnostics of infectious and non-infectious etiology of examined group of the patients. The number of lymphocytes in patients with sepsis is a useful parameter at this diagnostics. Cardiosurgery represent a significant impulse for the evocation of the systemic inflammatory response of non-infectious etiology.
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Identifikation av proteinmarkörer för cellulär proliferation / Identification of protein markers for cellular proliferation using a cell model for malignant transformationÅkesson, Lovisa January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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Einfluss einer Prednisolon-Behandlung auf B-Zell-Populationen bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektion / Influence of prednisolone therapy on b-cell-populations in HIV-infected patientsMann, Benedikt January 2021 (has links) (PDF)
Die HIV-Infektion wird von einer Hyperimmunaktivierung begleitet, die vermutlich eine treibende Kraft in der Pathogenese der Entwicklung von AIDS darstellt. Die Rolle der B-Zellen im Rahmen dieser Veränderungen und dem Einfluss einer Prednisolontherapie wird durch die ProCort-Studie genauer beschrieben. Diese stellt eine zweijährige, Placebo-kontrollierte, randomisierte Doppelblindstudie dar, bei der die Patienten 5mg Prednisolon täglich einnahmen. Mittels durchflusszytometrischen Messungen wurden bestimmte B-Zellpopulationen differenziert und quantifiziert. Die resultierenden Ergebnisse wurden weiterhin mit bekannten Immunaktivierungsmarkern korreliert.
In der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass Studienteilnehmerinnen durch eine Prednisolontherapie signifikant mehr Memory-B-Zellen bzw. resting Memory-B-Zellen im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe aufweisen.
Ferner konnte die Bedeutung der B-Zellen als prognostischer Marker der HIV-Infektion dadurch unterstützt werden, dass die genannten B-Zellreihen signifikant negative Korrelationen zu anderen, bereits etablierten Progressionsmarkern (CD4/CD8-Ratio, CD8/CD38/HLADR-Aktivierung, suPAR, sCD14) vorlagen.
Zusammenfassend zeigt die Arbeit, dass die Veränderungen im B-Zellkompartment Teil des Immunaktiverungsprozesses im Rahmen der HIV- Infektion sind und Prednisolon modulierende Einflüsse darauf hat. / The HIV-infection goes along with a chronic immune activation, which is considered as the driving force of progression to AIDS. As part of the ProCort trial, which is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial over two years, HIV-infected patients got 5 mg prednisolone per day for two years. In this dissertation specific b-cell-populations were measured and correlated with known biomarkers of immune activation (CD38+/HLADR+ t-cells, suPAR, sCD14).
As result higher counts of memory-b-cells and resting-memory-b-cells especially in the female subgroup were found. Furthermore these cell-populations showed a negative correlation with biomarkers of immune activation.
In summary the prednisolone therapy had positive immune modulating effects on b-cells and biomarkers of immune activation.
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Biomarker of Long-Chain N-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Breast Cancer: Accumulative Evidence From an Updated Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological StudiesYang, Bo, Ren, Xiao L., Wang, Zhi Y., Wang, Liang, Zhao, Feng, Guo, Xiao J., Li, Duo 28 October 2019 (has links)
Objective: We aimed to summarize the up-to-date epidemiology evidence on biomarkers of long-chain (LC) n-3 fatty acid (FA) intake in relation to breast cancer (BC). Methods: Epidemiology studies determining FA levels in biospecimen (circulating blood or adipose tissue (AT)) were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases until March 2018. Multivariate-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effect model. Difference in biospecimen proportions of LC n-3 FA between BC cases and non-cases were analyzed as a standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: Thirteen cohort and eleven case-control studies were eligible for the present meta-analysis. The estimated SMD was -0.14 (95% CI: -0.27, -0.11) for LC n-3 FA and -0.27 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.11) for LC n-3/n-6 FA ratio. When comparing the top tertiles with the bottom baseline levels, circulating LC n-3 FA was significantly associated with a lower risk of BC (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.96), but not AT (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.70, 1.48). Significant inverse dose-response associations were observed for each 1% increment of circulating 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Conclusion: This meta-analysis highlights that circulating LC n-3 FA as a biomarker of intake may be an independent predictive factor for BC, especially 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3.
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Integrative approaches in ecotoxicological testing: Implications for biomarker development and applicationFuruhagen, Sara January 2013 (has links)
Ecotoxicology aims to understand toxic effects of chemicals in the environment. Effects can be observed at different levels of the biological organization, from molecular to ecosystem level. Biomarkers on molecular and biochemical levels are used in ecotoxicology as early warning signals of chemical exposure, possible toxic effects and underlying mechanisms. As methods and technologies improve, more biomarkers are being implemented in ecotoxicological studies, due to the general interest in early detection and thus efficient prevention of environmental risks. However, to be of value in ecotoxicological assessment, a connection between biomarker response and effects at higher levels of biological organization should be established. Also, baseline variability for the biomarker in question as well as response to natural fluctuations of environmental factors should be evaluated. The aim of this thesis was to increase value and understanding of biomarkers in ecotoxicological assessment by (1) linking responses across different levels of biological organization, and (2) gaining better understanding of the relative importance of ecological and physiological factors affecting oxidative biomarkers. Paper I is focused on evolutionary conserved drug targets and the toxicity of pharmaceuticals for non-target organisms. The main conclusion from this study is that pharmaceuticals with conserved drug targets in non-target organisms have a higher toxicity than pharmaceuticals for which drug-targets have not been identified in the species. The effects were evaluated using end points at molecular, biochemical and individual levels. Consistent with the expected higher sensitivity of molecular and biochemical end points, the effects on the low-level biomarkers were observed at lower concentrations than at the individual level. Paper II is focused on delineating effects of feeding and toxic exposure on oxidative biomarkers commonly used in ecotoxicology. The results are in agreement with the theory of caloric restriction that links enhanced caloric intake to increased pro-oxidative processes in animals. In our experiments with the cladoceran Daphnia magna, we observed positive effects for both antioxidant capacity and oxidized lipids in response to enhanced feeding rates. This have implications for the use of oxidative stress biomarkers in ecotoxicology as many substances have inhibitory effects on feeding rate and thus, changes in oxidative biomarkers can result from the altered feeding rate rather than other toxic mechanisms. Therefore, possible changes in feeding rate should be assessed when conducting exposure experiments or interpreting field data in studies employing oxidative stress biomarkers. However, it was concluded that the ratio between antioxidative capacity and protein content was independent of feeding rate. Thus, this biomarker is suitable for xenobiotic exposure in D. magna. This thesis have contributed to better understanding of molecular and biochemical biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies in regard to the connections between effects at different biological levels and confounding factors in biomarker response. / <p>At the tiem of defence the following papers wer unpublished and had a status as follows:</p><p>Paper 1: Manuscript; Paper 2: Manuscript</p>
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Zeit- und Dosisabhängigkeit von DNA-Schäden induziert durch interne Bestrahlung mit unterschiedlichen Radionukliden / Time and dose dependence of DNA damage induced by internal irradiation with various radionuclidesSchumann, Sarah January 2022 (has links) (PDF)
In der Nuklearmedizin werden radioaktive Substanzen eingesetzt, um zu therapeutischen Zwecken gezielt bösartiges Gewebe zu zerstören oder in diagnostischen Anwendungen Stoffwechselvorgänge bildlich darzustellen. Die ionisierende Strahlung der eingesetzten Radionuklide kann jedoch auch DNA-Schäden in gesunden Zellen verursachen. DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche gehören dabei zu den kritischsten Läsionen, da sie schwer zu reparieren sind und eine fehlerhafte Reparatur zu Mutationen oder zum Zelltod führen kann. Während Radionuklidtherapien ist daher in Risikoorganen darauf zu achten, dass die deponierte Energie pro Masse, die Energiedosis, bestimmte Werte nicht überschreitet. Zu diesen Risikoorganen gehört auch das blutbildende System. Da eine Abschätzung der Energiedosis im Knochenmark häufig über die Bestimmung der Energiedosis im Blut als Surrogat erfolgt, ist deren Kenntnis von besonderem Interesse.
In dieser Arbeit wurden daher Berechnungen der Energiedosis im Blut nach interner Bestrahlung durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse mit der Anzahl an strahlungsinduzierten DNA-Doppelstrangbrüchen in PBMCs korreliert. Zur Quantifizierung der DNA-Schäden wurden die Biomarker \(\gamma\)-H2AX und 53BP1 verwendet, die nach Entstehung eines Doppelstrangbruchs um diesen akkumulieren und sich durch Immunfluoreszenzfärbung als mikroskopische Foci sichtbar machen und quantifizieren lassen. Dadurch ermöglicht der \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1-Assay einen quantitativen Nachweis strahlungsinduzierter Doppelstrangbrüche. Somit konnten im Rahmen dieser Arbeit neue Kenntnisse über die Dosisabhängigkeit von DNA-Schäden in PBMCs während interner Bestrahlung mit unterschiedlichen Radionukliden sowohl ex vivo als auch in vivo gewonnen werden.
Ex-vivo-Untersuchungen haben den Vorteil, dass sie unter gleichbleibenden, gut definierten Bedingungen durchgeführt werden können und somit eine Analyse der Induktion von Doppelstrangbrüchen bei festgelegten Energiedosen und einer konstanten Bestrahlungsdauer erlauben. In dieser Arbeit wurden Blutproben von gesunden Versuchspersonen durch Zugabe von Radionukliden in bestimmten Aktivitätskonzentrationen eine Stunde lang intern bestrahlt. Für die Bestrahlung wurden die \(\alpha\)-Emitter \(^{223}\)Ra und \(^{224}\)Ra, die \(\beta\)\(^{-}\)-Emitter \(^{177}\)Lu und \(^{90}\)Y, der \(\beta\)\(^{+}\)-Emitter \(^{68}\)Ga und der \(\gamma\)-Emitter \(^{99m}\)Tc verwendet. Der untersuchte Energiedosisbereich lag zwischen 5 mGy und 136 mGy.
Nach der Bestrahlung von Blutproben mit \(\beta\)- beziehungsweise \(\gamma\)-Emittern wurde beobachtet, dass die Anzahl der strahlungsinduzierten \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1-Foci (RIF) in den PBMCs linear mit der Energiedosis im Blut ansteigt. Zudem zeigte sich, dass die Induktion der RIF unabhängig vom verwendeten Radionuklid und unabhängig von der Versuchsperson ist.
Nach der Bestrahlung von Blutproben mit \(\alpha\)-Emittern waren zusätzlich zu den nach Expositionen mit \(\beta\)- beziehungsweise \(\gamma\)-Emittern beobachteten kleinen, runden Foci auch \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 enthaltende Spuren \(\alpha\)-Spuren) in den Zellkernen erkennbar, welche die Trajektorien der emittierten \(\alpha\)-Teilchen darstellten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Anzahl dieser \(\alpha\)-Spuren linear mit der Energiedosis im Blut zunimmt und damit ein geeigneter Parameter für die Biodosimetrie nach Expositionen mit \(\alpha\)-emittierenden Radionukliden ist.
Auch in vivo wurde die Dosisabhängigkeit der DNA-Doppelstrangbrüche während der internen Bestrahlung durch Radionuklide mit unterschiedlichen Emissionseigenschaften untersucht. Aufgrund der neuen, vielversprechenden Entwicklungen von Radiopharmaka zur Therapie und Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms in den letzten Jahren wurden dafür Blutproben von Prostatakarzinom-Patienten während Therapie mit [\(^{177}\)Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T, während PET/CT-Diagnostik mit [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T und während Therapie mit [\(^{223}\)Ra]RaCl\(_2\) untersucht.
Während Therapie mit [\(^{177}\)Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T zeigte sich, dass die Anzahl der RIF in den ersten Stunden nach Therapiebeginn durch eine lineare Anpassungskurve angenähert werden kann, die mit der Energiedosis im Blut ansteigt, gefolgt von einem Rückgang der RIF zu späteren Zeitpunkten, der durch die DNA-Reparatur erklärt werden kann. Die gesamte Energiedosis im Blut lag im Mittel bei (109 \(\pm\) 28) mGy. Der linear dosisabhängige Anstieg der RIF zu Therapiebeginn gleicht der dosisabhängigen Induktion der RIF ex vivo nach Bestrahlung mit \(\beta\)- und \(\gamma\)-emittierenden Radionukliden und kann gut mit der entsprechenden Ex-vivo-Kalibrierkurve beschrieben werden. Zu späteren Zeitpunkten (48 h und 96 h nach Verabreichung) konnte in dieser Arbeit eine lineare Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der noch verbleibenden RIF und der Dosisleistung nachgewiesen werden. Eine signifikante Korrelation der Anzahl der RIF 96 h nach Verabreichung mit dem PSA-Wert deutet zudem darauf hin, dass ein Zusammenhang mit klinischen Parametern besteht.
Ein signifikanter Anstieg der \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1-Foci konnte auch nach Verabreichung von [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T für diagnostische PET/CT-Untersuchungen beobachtet werden, obwohl die Energiedosen im Blut bis zum PET/CT-Scan nur < 3 mGy betrugen. Im Vergleich zur Ex-vivo-Kalibrierkurve war die Steigung der linearen Anpassungskurve in vivo im Bereich < 3 mGy in dieser Studie etwa um ein Zehnfaches höher, was auf eine mögliche Hypersensitivität im Niedrigdosisbereich hindeuten könnte. Der Beitrag der CT zur Energiedosis im Blut konnte durch Ex-vivo-Experimente auf etwa 12 mGy abgeschätzt werden.
Auch während Therapie mit [\(^{223}\)Ra]RaCl\(_2\) lagen die berechneten Energiedosen im Blut im Niedrigdosisbereich < 17 mGy. Trotzdem konnten in dieser Studie erstmalig \(\alpha\)-Spuren in vivo nach der Verabreichung eines \(\alpha\)-emittierenden Radionuklids quantifiziert werden, deren Anzahl 3 h und 4 h nach Verabreichung des Radiopharmakons signifikant erhöht war. Auch zu späten Zeitpunkten, bis vier Wochen nach Therapiebeginn, waren noch \(\alpha\)-Spuren nachweisbar, was auf eine unvollständige Reparatur der komplexen, durch die \(\alpha\)-Teilchen induzierten DNA-Schäden hinweisen könnte. Leider erlaubte die geringe Anzahl an Patienten und Datenpunkten keine zuverlässigen Korrelationen mit der Energiedosis oder mit klinischen Parametern.
Nachdem in dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden konnte, dass DNA-Schäden nach interner Bestrahlung mit \(\alpha\)-, \(\beta\)- und \(\gamma\)-emittierenden Radionukliden mit Hilfe des \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1-Assays zuverlässig nachgewiesen und anhand der Schadensgeometrie unterschieden werden können, wäre es in Zukunft interessant, DNA-Schäden auch nach Bestrahlung mit Radionuklidgemischen zu untersuchen. Dies könnte sowohl im Hinblick auf den Nachweis von Inkorporationen bei Strahlenunfällen hilfreich sein als auch zu einem besseren Verständnis der Effekte bei Behandlungen mit Radionuklidgemischen beitragen, welche vielversprechende Möglichkeiten für nuklearmedizinische Therapien bieten.
Zudem zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit, dass insbesondere im für die Diagnostik relevanten Bereich sehr niedriger Energiedosen < 10 mGy weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht. Durch die Untersuchung der dosisabhängigen Reparatur der durch interne Bestrahlung induzierten DNA-Schäden könnte beispielsweise analysiert werden, ob die Reparaturfähigkeit im Niedrigdosisbereich eingeschränkt ist. Außerdem wäre es gerade im Bereich niedriger Dosen von Interesse, zu untersuchen, inwiefern Beobachtungen ex vivo das Verhalten in vivo geeignet repräsentieren. Um die erhöhten statistischen Unsicherheiten im Niedrigdosisbereich zu reduzieren, könnten zukünftig Verbesserungen auf dem Gebiet der automatisierten Auswertung der \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 enthaltenden Foci und Spuren hilfreich sein.
Weitere Ziele zukünftiger Forschungsvorhaben könnten gezielte Untersuchungen zu Korrelationen zwischen der dosisabhängigen Induktion und Reparatur von DNA-Schäden und klinischen Parametern sowie die Analyse von DNA-Schäden während mehrerer Therapiezyklen darstellen. In Zusammenhang mit der Analyse klinischer Parameter wäre es denkbar, dass biodosimetrische Auswertungen zukünftig auch zur personalisierten Therapieplanung oder auch zur Vorhersage des Therapieerfolgs dienen und somit langfristig zu einer Optimierung nuklearmedizinischer Therapien beitragen könnten. / In nuclear medicine, radioactive substances are applied for therapeutic purposes to destroy malignant tissue, or in diagnostic applications to visualize metabolic processes. However, the ionizing radiation of the applied radionuclides can also cause DNA damage in healthy cells. Among these, DNA double-strand breaks belong to the most critical lesions because they are difficult to repair and misrepair can lead to mutations or cell death. Therefore, during radionuclide therapies, it is of great importance to ensure that the deposited energy per mass, the absorbed dose, does not exceed certain values in organs at risk. One of these organs at risk is the hematopoietic system. As the absorbed dose to the bone marrow is often estimated by determining the absorbed dose to the blood as a surrogate, knowledge of the latter is of particular interest.
Therefore, in this thesis, calculations of the absorbed dose to the blood after internal irradiation were performed and the results were correlated with the number of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in PBMCs. To quantify DNA damage, the biomarkers \(\gamma\)-H2AX and 53BP1 were used, which accumulate around a double-strand break after its formation and which can be visualized and quantified as microscopic foci by immunofluorescence staining. Consequently, the \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 assay allows a quantitative detection of radiation-induced double-strand breaks. Thus, by combining absorbed dose calculations with a quantitative analysis of DNA damage in PBMCs during internal irradiation with various radionuclides both ex vivo and in vivo, new knowledge was gained in the context of this work.
Ex-vivo examinations have the advantage that they can be carried out under constant, well-defined conditions and thus allow an analysis of the induction of double-strand breaks at preset absorbed doses and a constant irradiation duration. In this work, blood samples from healthy test persons were internally irradiated for one hour by adding radionuclides at defined activity concentrations. For the irradiation, the \(\alpha\)-emitters \(^{223}\)Ra and \(^{224}\)Ra, the \(\beta\)\(^{-}\)-emitters \(^{177}\)Lu and \(^{90}\)Y, the \(\beta\)\(^{+}\)-emitter \(^{68}\)Ga and the \(\gamma\)-emitter \(^{99m}\)Tc were used. The absorbed dose ranged from 5 mGy to 136 mGy.
After irradiating blood samples with \(\beta\)- and \(\gamma\)-emitters, it was observed that the number of radiation-induced \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 foci (RIF) in the PBMCs increases linearly with the absorbed dose to the blood. Furthermore, it was shown that the induction of RIF is independent of the radionuclide applied and the test person.
After irradiating blood samples with \(\alpha\)-emitters, in addition to the small round foci observed after exposure to \(\beta\)- and \(\gamma\)-emitters, \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 containing tracks (\(\alpha\)-tracks) were visible in the nuclei, which represented the trajectories of the emitted \(\alpha\)-particles. It was shown that the number of these \(\alpha\)-tracks increases linearly with the absorbed dose to the blood and is, therefore, a suitable parameter for biodosimetry after exposure to \(\alpha\)-emitting radionuclides.
The absorbed dose dependence of DNA double-strand breaks during internal irradiation with radionuclides with different emission properties was also investigated in vivo. Due to the promising new developments of radiopharmaceuticals for therapy and diagnostics of prostate cancer in recent years, blood samples from prostate cancer patients were examined during therapy with [\(^{177}\)Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T, during PET/CT diagnostics with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T and during therapy with [\(^{223}\)Ra]RaCl\(_2\).
During therapy with [\(^{177}\)Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T, it was shown that the number of RIF in the first hours after therapy start can be approximated by a linear fitting curve, which increases with the absorbed dose to the blood, followed by a decrease in RIF at later time points, which can be explained by DNA repair. The total absorbed dose to the blood was (109 \(\pm\) 28) mGy on average.
The linear absorbed dose-dependent increase in RIF at the beginning of therapy is similar to the absorbed dose-dependent induction of RIF ex vivo after irradiation with \(\beta\)- and \(\gamma\)-emitting radionuclides and can be well described with the corresponding ex-vivo calibration curve. At later time points (48 h and 96 h after administration), a linear correlation between the number of remaining RIF and the dose rate was demonstrated in this work. A significant correlation of the number of RIF 96 h after administration with PSA levels also suggests a link to clinical parameters.
A significant increase in \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 foci was also observed after administration of [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-PSMA I&T for diagnostic PET/CT examinations, despite the fact that absorbed doses to the blood were only < 3 mGy by the time of the PET/CT scan. Compared to the ex-vivo calibration curve, the slope of the linear in-vivo fitting curve in the range < 3 mGy in this study was approximately ten times higher, which may indicate a possible hypersensitivity in the low dose range. The contribution of the CT to the absorbed dose to the blood was estimated at approximately 12 mGy by ex-vivo experiments.
During therapy with [\(^{223}\)Ra]RaCl\(_2\), the calculated absorbed doses to the blood were also in the low dose range < 17 mGy. Nevertheless, this study was the first to quantify \(\alpha\)-tracks in vivo after the administration of an \(\alpha\)-emitting radionuclide, with a significantly increased number of \(\alpha\)-tracks 3 h and 4 h after administration of the radiopharmaceutical. Even at late time points, up to four weeks after therapy start, \(\alpha\)-tracks were still detectable, which could indicate incomplete repair of the complex DNA damage induced by \(\alpha\)-particles. Unfortunately, the small number of patients and data points did not allow reliable correlations with the absorbed dose or clinical parameters.
In this thesis, it was shown that DNA damage after internal irradiation with \(\alpha\)-, \(\beta\)- and \(\gamma\)-emitting radionuclides can be reliably detected by applying the \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 assay and distinguished by damage geometry. For future work, it would be of interest to additionally investigate DNA damage after irradiation with mixtures of radionuclides. This could be helpful for the detection of incorporations after radiation accidents, and could also contribute to a better understanding of the effects of therapeutic applications of radionuclide mixtures, which offer promising opportunities for nuclear medicine therapies.
Furthermore, the results of this work show that there is need for further research, especially in the very low dose range < 10 mGy, which is relevant for diagnostics. By investigating the absorbed dose-dependent repair of DNA damage induced by internal irradiation, for example, it could be analyzed whether the repair capability is limited in the low dose range. Particularly in the range of low doses, it would also be of interest to investigate to what extent observations ex vivo adequately represent the behavior in vivo. In order to reduce the increased statistical uncertainties in the low dose range, future improvements in the field of automated evaluation of \(\gamma\)-H2AX+53BP1 containing foci and tracks could be helpful.
Further objectives of future research projects could be investigations focussing on correlations between the absorbed dose-dependent induction and repair of DNA damage and clinical parameters as well as an analysis of DNA damage over several therapy cycles. In the context of the analysis of clinical parameters, it is conceivable that biodosimetric assessments could enhance personalized treatment planning or the prediction of therapy success, thus contributing, in the long-term, to an optimization of nuclear medicine therapies.
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Association between serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in euthyroid and non-diabetic adults: Serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in healthy adultsYamamoto, Jin Marcos, Padro-Nuñez, Sebastian, Guarnizo-Poma, Mirella, Lazaro-Alcantara, Herbert, Paico-Palacios, Socorro, Pantoja-Torres, Betzi, del Carmen Ranilla-Seguin, Vitalia, Benites-Zapata, Vicente A. 01 January 2020 (has links)
Aim: To evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance (IR) in a population of healthy individuals. Methods: We define IR with a cut-off point of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) ≥ 3.8. For aspartate aminotransferase (AST), we consider elevated values >30 U/L in women and values >36 U/L in men. For alanine aminotransferase (ALT), we consider elevated values >30 U/L in women and values >40 U/L in men. We performed a crude and adjusted generalized linear model from Poisson family with robust variance, in order to evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and IR. The associations were presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 261 participants in the study. The median age was 39 years (31–45) and 23.7% of the participants were men. The prevalence of elevated serum transaminase for AST and ALT were, 13.8% and 26.1%, respectively. The prevalence of IR was 34.1%. In the crude analysis we found statistical significance between elevated AST and ALT with IR (PR = 3.18; 95% CI: 2.33–4.34 and PR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.88–3.30; respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis, the association only remained statistically significance with ALT, but lost its significance with AST, PR = 1.90; CI 95%: 1.31–2.77 and a PR = 1.23; CI 95%: 0.93–1.61; respectively. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of ALT were associated with insulin resistance. ALT could be used in clinical practice as an additional tool to assess IR in apparently healthy people. / Dirección de Gestión de la Investigación, Universidad de Antofagasta / Revisión por pares
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Evaluating Blood Biomarker Profiles in Adults with New-onset Seizures using Machine LearningAkel, Sarah January 2022 (has links)
Around 1% of the population worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a condition which is characterized by recurring seizures. The development of reliable biomarkers for both prediction and targeted treatment of seizures is critical, as they can pave the way towards personalized therapy in epilepsy. In addition, sensitive biomarkers can be utilized for the detection of epilepsy in its early stages and allow for early treatment intervention. Various types of biomarkers have been studied in relation to epilepsy, with blood markers emerging as major candidates. Blood biomarkers offer the benefit of being cost and time efficient, in addition to being less invasive to sample in contrast to cerebrospinal fluid markers. Importantly, they can enhance patient diagnosis and prognosis when supplemented with other diagnostic methods, such as EEG. In this pilot study, five blood biomarkers of brain injury are studied in epilepsy, post-stroke epilepsy and single seizure patients. The aim is to analyze whether S100B, NSE, GFAP, NfL and tau are promising indicators of epilepsy after a first seizure in adults. The results present S100B as the most promising biomarker, with potential to predict early epilepsy.
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The Expression Profile of Phosphatidylinositol in High Spatial Resolution Imaging Mass Spectrometry as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer / 高解像度質量顕微鏡を用いたホスファチジルイノシトールの発現プロファイルは前立腺癌のバイオマーカーとなり得るGoto, Takayuki 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19552号 / 医博第4059号 / 新制||医||1012(附属図書館) / 32588 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 泰広, 教授 藤田 潤, 教授 松田 道行 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Matrix metalloproteinase-10: a novel biomarker for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. / マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ-10は特発性肺線維症の新規バイオマーカーであるSokai, Akihiko 23 March 2016 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19573号 / 医博第4080号 / 新制||医||1013(附属図書館) / 32609 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 小池 薫, 教授 瀬原 淳子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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