Le premier objectif de notre travail est de caractériser l'évolution temporelle de proprié-tés structurales et mécaniques de matériau osseux régénéré et immature sur un grand volume.Nous avons étudié ce tissu en évolution lors de sa genèse dans un environnement mécanique contrôlé. Pour caractériser l'évolution temporelle des propriétés mécaniques de ce tissu, à partir d'un modèle animal, nous mettons en place une étude couplant essais mécanique d'indentation,observations macroscopiques et étude histologique. Cette méthodologie combinée donne des informations complémentaires à différentes échelles : macroscopique par simple observation,mésoscopique avec les tests d'indentation et microscopique avec l'histologie. Le tissu osseux ré-généré évolue d'un matériau homogène, visqueux et souple vers un matériau hétérogènes, plus rigide et moins visqueux. D'un point de vue biologique, l'organisation cellulaire part d'un amas de nombreuses cellules et progresse vers une structure plus proche de celle de l'os. Mécanique et biologie révèlent une évolution similaire : d'abord le régénérat grossit, puis il se différencie en tissu ostéochondral et finalement, la calcification commence. Les résultats biologiques confirment les études de la littérature et les résultats mécaniques donnent les premières valeurs de caractéristiques mécaniques de ce tissu avec le module d'Young réduit.Le deuxième objectif de cette étude est de développer une bioprothèse avec un biomatériau biodegradebable afin de régénérer un défaut d'os de taille critique. Notre étude est originale carelle propose d'utiliser le biomatériau comme tuteur de la régénération. Une étude préliminaire a été menée avec un modèle animal et un biomatériau céramique phosphocalcique. De premiers résultats encourageant ont été obtenus mais le processus clinique reste à concrétiser. / The first objective of our work was to experimentally characterise the temporal evolutionof the structural and mechanical properties of large volume immature regenerated tissues. Westudied these evolving tissues from their genesis in controlled mechanical conditions. To characterizethe temporal evolution of mechanical properties, based on animal model, we carried outindentation tests coupled with macroscopic examinations and histological studies. This combinedmethodology yielded a range of information on osteogenesis at different scales : macroscopic bysimple observation, mesoscopic by indentation test and microscopic by histological study. Resultsallowed us to identify different periods, providing a link between biological changes and materialproperty evolution in bone tissue regeneration. The regenerated tissue evolves from a viscous,homogeneous, soft material to a heterogeneous stiffer material endowed with a lower viscosity.From a biological point of view, cell organization progresses from a proliferated cell clot to a maturestructure closer to that of the bone. During the first seven days, mechanical and biologicalresults revealed the same evolution : first, the regenerated tissue grew, then, differentiated into anosteochondral tissue and finally calcification began. While our biological results confirm those ofother studies, our mechanical results provide the first experimental mechanical characterizationby reduced Young's modulus of such tissue.In a second time,we develop a bioprothesis with a biodegradebable biomaterial to regenerate acritical size bone defect. Our study is original because it proposes to use the biomaterial to initiatethe regeneration. A study was performed with an animal model and phosphocalcic ceramic.First observation gave some encouraging results but the clinical process should be realized

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faro_am_dr_jabo.pdf: 822597 bytes, checksum: 4ff373e7766ea6fc979fd196b294ed7f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O emprego de membranas biológicas em cirurgias reparadoras tem sido amplamente estudado nos últimos anos sob inúmeros aspectos, principalmente no que se refere à adequação entre o tipo de implante e sua atividade no leito receptor. O estudo desenvolvido teve como escopo o desenvolvimento e avaliação de técnica para restauração da parede torácica de cães com utilização de cartilagem auricular suína tratada pela glicerina. Para tanto, utilizou-se nove cães adultos, hígidos, que foram avaliados histopatológica, radiográfica e clinicamente, cujos resultados incluíram facilidades na obtenção, preservação e utilização desta bioprótese, baixa reação inflamatória propiciada pelo leito receptor, ausência de movimento paradoxal da parede torácica pós-implantação, além de integração com o tecido adjacente notada aos 60 dias. Concluiu-se, a partir desta avaliação experimental, que a integridade do implante foi nitidamente notada em todos os momentos de avaliação; a técnica é relativamente simples, de rápida evolução clínica, e de baixo custo; a cartilagem auricular suína em meio de preservação é um excelente material para reparação da parede torácica sob as condições estudadas. / The usage of biological prosthesis in surgical repair procedures has been widely studied in the last years, mainly in what concerns application of the adequate implant type and its activity in the receptor site besides to its chemical, physical, pathological and immunological characteristics. The present study had as purpose to evaluate a surgical technique, the restoration of dog’s thoracic wall applying preserved swine auricular cartilage bioprosthesis, by describing the surgical technique, clinical, histological and radiographic founds. So, 9 dogs, clinically healthy, were evaluated by histopathologic, radiographic and clinical aspects. Such evaluation shown as results, the easiness for implant acquisition, preservation and use, besides to the low reaction by the receptor site, thoracic wall paradoxal movement absent after implantation, and biological implant-adjacent tissues integration after 60 days. Through this experimental evaluation, the found conclusions were: the implant integrity was clearly noted in all evaluation moments; the technique is relatively simple, with fast clinical evolution, and low cost; the preserved swine auricular cartilage is a great material do repair de thoracic wall under the studied conditions.

Orientador: Carlos Robero Daleck / Banca: Julio Carlos Canola / Banca: José Wanderley Cattelan / Banca: João Moreira da Costa Neto / Banca: Celso Sanches Braccialli / Resumo: O emprego de membranas biológicas em cirurgias reparadoras tem sido amplamente estudado nos últimos anos sob inúmeros aspectos, principalmente no que se refere à adequação entre o tipo de implante e sua atividade no leito receptor. O estudo desenvolvido teve como escopo o desenvolvimento e avaliação de técnica para restauração da parede torácica de cães com utilização de cartilagem auricular suína tratada pela glicerina. Para tanto, utilizou-se nove cães adultos, hígidos, que foram avaliados histopatológica, radiográfica e clinicamente, cujos resultados incluíram facilidades na obtenção, preservação e utilização desta bioprótese, baixa reação inflamatória propiciada pelo leito receptor, ausência de movimento paradoxal da parede torácica pós-implantação, além de integração com o tecido adjacente notada aos 60 dias. Concluiu-se, a partir desta avaliação experimental, que a integridade do implante foi nitidamente notada em todos os momentos de avaliação; a técnica é relativamente simples, de rápida evolução clínica, e de baixo custo; a cartilagem auricular suína em meio de preservação é um excelente material para reparação da parede torácica sob as condições estudadas. / Abstract: The usage of biological prosthesis in surgical repair procedures has been widely studied in the last years, mainly in what concerns application of the adequate implant type and its activity in the receptor site besides to its chemical, physical, pathological and immunological characteristics. The present study had as purpose to evaluate a surgical technique, the restoration of dog's thoracic wall applying preserved swine auricular cartilage bioprosthesis, by describing the surgical technique, clinical, histological and radiographic founds. So, 9 dogs, clinically healthy, were evaluated by histopathologic, radiographic and clinical aspects. Such evaluation shown as results, the easiness for implant acquisition, preservation and use, besides to the low reaction by the receptor site, thoracic wall paradoxal movement absent after implantation, and biological implant-adjacent tissues integration after 60 days. Through this experimental evaluation, the found conclusions were: the implant integrity was clearly noted in all evaluation moments; the technique is relatively simple, with fast clinical evolution, and low cost; the preserved swine auricular cartilage is a great material do repair de thoracic wall under the studied conditions. / Doutor