This study examined the role of birth complications, delinquent peers and siblings, and specific dopamine receptors on the development of externalizing behavior in children and adolescents, along with the role of heritability in aggression and delinquency. Specifically, it was hypothesized that increased birth complications, presence of specific dopamine receptor (DRD2 and DRD4) risk alleles, and delinquent peers or siblings would be related to increased externalizing behavior at follow-up. The sample consisted of 65 twin pairs, aged six to 16 (mean age = 9.06 years) who originally participated in the Southern Illinois Twins and Siblings Study (SITSS) at age five. Significant results were found for the stability of aggression from age five to follow-up and heritability of parent-rated aggression and delinquency measures was shown. Presence of delinquent peers or siblings was positively related to aggressive and delinquent behavior. Those with more delinquent peers and with the DRD2 risk allele were rated as more delinquent. In contrast, those without the DRD4 risk allele were also rated as more delinquent. Presence of birth complications was positively related to aggressive and delinquent behavior ratings by parents at follow-up. However, birth complications were negatively related to delinquency on youth-rated measures. Finally, those with fewer complications and more delinquent siblings engaged in more reported delinquent behavior. The present study provided important information concerning the effects of birth complications, delinquent peers and siblings, and specific dopamine receptors on the development of externalizing behavior in children and adolescents, along with the role of heritability in aggression and delinquency.

Bakgrund: Varje år dör flera 100 000 kvinnor i världen på grund av graviditet, förlossning och abort. Länder världen över arbetar ständigt med FN:s globala mål till att minska mödradödligheten. I Sverige får kvinnor som fött sina barn ofta kvarstanna allt från ett dygn till några dygn för postnatal vård relaterat till komplikationer med mamman eller barnet. Kvinnor med okomplicerade och komplicerade graviditeter och förlossningar är en patientgrupp som barnmorskan möter dagligen i sitt yrkesutövande. Postnatal vård är därför en central del i barnmorskeyrket. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av postnatal vård efter en komplicerad graviditet eller förlossning vid ett svenskt sjukhus. Metod: Studiens design var en kvantitativ och kvalitativ enkätstudie där författarna fick ta del av tidigare insamlade data. Sammanställning av enkäterna gjordes i SPSS och analys av kvalitativa data skedde genom en textanalys. Resultat: Majoriteten av kvinnorna var nöjda med den postnatala vården. Kvinnorna upplevde att de fick bra stöd från personalen. Ingen skillnad i nöjdhet mellan de olika vårdenheterna hittades. Kvinnor som hade sin partner med sig postnatalt var nöjdare än de som inte haft möjlighet att ha sin partner med. Förbättringsområden inom postnatal vård hittades. Slutsats: Trots det begränsade urvalet med kvinnor som haft komplikationer under graviditet och förlossning, så visade resultatet att de flesta kvinnorna var nöjda med den vård och stöd från personalen som de fått. Vissa områden kan dock förbättras, så som information gällande rutiner, barnläkarundersökningen och olika delar inom amningsstödet. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Det är viktigt även för kvinnor med en komplicerad graviditet och förlossning att få en individualiserad vård. Den postnatala vården är viktig för kvinnans helhetsupplevelse. Därför är det av vikt att barnmorskan ha kunskap kring detta och kan utveckla sin yrkeskunskap. / Background: More than 100 000 women worldwide dies every year due to pregnancy, childbirth or abortion. Countries worldwide are continuously working towards the global goals to prevent maternal mortality. In Sweden, many women who give birth get to stay at a postnatal care unit for a few days after childbirth due to complications to the mother or the baby. Every day, midwives meet women who have a normal or a complicated pregnancy and childbirth. Postnatal care is a central part in midwifery practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe women's experience of postnatal care after having a complicated pregnancy or labor in a Swedish hospital. Method: The study design was a quantitive and qualitive survey study where the authors used previously collected data. Questionnaires were compiled in SPSS and the qualitative data was analysed with a text analysis. Result: The majority of women were satisfied with the postnatal care they received. They experienced that they got great support from the medical staff during their stay at the hospital. No significance was found in satisfaction between the care units at the hospital. Women who had their partner with them at the postnatal care unit were more satisfied than women who didn´t. Areas for improvement in postnatal care were identified. Conclusion: Despite the limited selection with women who had complications during pregnancy or childbirth, the result showed that most women were satisfied with the postnatal care they received. Quality of care improvement in some areas can be done, such as, routine information on each unit, pediatric examination and breastfeeding support. Clinical applicability: It is essential for women with complications during pregnancy or labor to have an individualized care. Postnatal care is very important for the woman's holistic experience. Therefore, it is vital that the midwife has knowledge and can further develop her professional knowledge.