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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Synthesis of ruthenium complexes having one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands supported on hybrid mesostructured silicas and their use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide / Synthèse de complexes du ruthénium avec un ou plusieurs ligands carbènes N-hétérocycliques supportés sur des silices hybrides mésostructurées et leur utilisation dans des réactions d’hydrogénation du dioxide de carbone

Baffert, Mathieu 30 September 2011 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse a été de développer des matériaux catalytiques contenant des complexes Ru(NHC), à partir de matériaux hybrides organique-inorganique contenant des fonctions imidazolium parfaitement distribuées dans une matrice de silice. La passivation de surface de ces matériaux, suivie de la formation du NHC et d’une réaction avec [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 a permis d’obtenir des espèces de surface bien définies de formule générale RuCl2(NHC)(L), où L est un ligand para-cymene (p-cymene) ou un ligand THF, selon les conditions de réaction, et peut être remplacé par PMe3. Ces catalyseurs ont ensuite été testés dans la réaction d’hydrogénation du CO2 en présence d’amines pour donner des formamides. Les systèmes mono-NHC se sont avérés très actifs en présence de ligands PMe3, mais la lixiviation du métal a été observée, mettant en évidence la faible stabilité de la liaison Ru-NHC dans les conditions de réaction. Cependant, des systèmes dinucléaires Ru(bis-NHC) ont été développés, et ils ont montré une meilleure activité et stabilité que les systèmes mono-NHC dans l’hydrogénation du CO2, en présence de PMe3 comme ligand. Cela a permis d’utiliser des températures de réaction bien plus élevées (200°C) et d’obtenir des catalyseurs hétérogènes avec des performances s’approchant du meilleur catalyseur homogène, Cl2Ru(dppe)2. / The goal of this PhD was to elaborate supported Ru-NHC catalytic materials based on hybrid organic-inorganic materials having imidazolium units perfectly distributed within a silica matrix. Passivation of these imidazolium materials followed by formation of NHC-carbene and reaction with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 provided these well-defined surface sites of general structures RuCl2(NHC)(L), where L was para-cymene (p-cymene) or THF depending on the reaction conditions, which could be further replaced by PMe3. These systems were then tested in the hydrogenation of CO2 in presence of amine to give formamides. The mono-NHC systems were highly active only in the presence of PMe3 ligands, but suffered from Ru leaching, evidencing the low stability of the NHC-Ru bond under the reaction conditions. On the other hand, dinuclear bis-NHC Ru systems were also developed, and they displayed much improved activity and stability in the hydrogenation of CO2 in the presence of PMe3 compared to the mono-NHC systems. This allowed the use of much higher reaction temperatures (200 °C) and provided heterogeneous catalysts with performances close to those obtained with the best homogeneous catalysts, Cl2Ru(dppe)2.
2

Synthesis of ruthenium complexes having one or more N-heterocyclic carbene ligands supported on hybrid mesostructured silicas and their use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide

Baffert, Mathieu 30 September 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The goal of this PhD was to elaborate supported Ru-NHC catalytic materials based on hybrid organic-inorganic materials having imidazolium units perfectly distributed within a silica matrix. Passivation of these imidazolium materials followed by formation of NHC-carbene and reaction with [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 provided these well-defined surface sites of general structures RuCl2(NHC)(L), where L was para-cymene (p-cymene) or THF depending on the reaction conditions, which could be further replaced by PMe3. These systems were then tested in the hydrogenation of CO2 in presence of amine to give formamides. The mono-NHC systems were highly active only in the presence of PMe3 ligands, but suffered from Ru leaching, evidencing the low stability of the NHC-Ru bond under the reaction conditions. On the other hand, dinuclear bis-NHC Ru systems were also developed, and they displayed much improved activity and stability in the hydrogenation of CO2 in the presence of PMe3 compared to the mono-NHC systems. This allowed the use of much higher reaction temperatures (200 °C) and provided heterogeneous catalysts with performances close to those obtained with the best homogeneous catalysts, Cl2Ru(dppe)2.

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