Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1928. / Biography. Description based on print version record. "Literature cited": p. 37-38.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1924. / A paper based on this thesis has appeared in Cereal chemistry, vol. 1, no. 7, Dec. 1924." eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1929. / Biography. Reprinted from Cereal chemistry, vol. viii, no. 6, 1931; vol. ix, no. 1-2, Jan.-March, 1932. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-115). Also available via the Internet.

The market drive to develop lite foods in Australia. Extensive research has been conducted in the area of dairy products and processed meats. Some research has been carried out on cookies, crackers and cakes, whilst little has been done on plain sweet biscuits. As plain sweet biscuits have a considerable share of the Australian biscuit market, the potential for reducing sugar and fat in this variety was investigated. The functional properties of polydextrose as a sugar and a fat replacer were also determined. Replacements of up to 100% sugar and 50% fat were separately achieved using polydextrose without significantly affecting sensory acceptability. Up to 20% fat was successfully removed from the formulation containing 100% polydextrose in replacement for sugar. The total energy was reduced, with the energy contribution from fat being below, whilst sugar was slightly above the NH and MRC dietary targets / Master of Science (Hons)

Thesis (M. Sc. (Hons))--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1996. / Thesis "submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science." Title page incorrectly cites "Faculty of Food Science and Technology."

Performance of three carbohydrate-based fat replacers (pectin, gum, and oat fiber) in a southern-style baking powder biscuit was evaluated at substituted levels of 33%, 66%, and 100%. Objectives and sensory tests were conducted on all samples. Results were compared to the control for the determination of significant differences at (p<0.05). Overall objective test results suggested that there was an increase in the degree of expansion as the level of fat replacement increased. Significantly (p<0.05) softer crusts and crumbs were observed with the fat replaced variations. All fat-substituted biscuits had significantly (p<0.05) higher moisture contents. Upon 24 and 48 hours of storage, staling was observed in all variations with the 100% variations having the most staling. There was a significant (p<0.05) caloric reduction as the level of fat replacement increased. However, this was an over-estimation of the calories provided upon human utilization. Also, the Land and b values of the crust color significantly (p<0.05) decreased with fat sUbstitution. The QDA results indicated that the panelists observed the degree of browning, cell size, dryness, and tenderness significantly (p<0.05) decreased whereas, perceived cohesiveness significantly (p<0.05) increased as the level of fat replacement increased. Bitterness also increased as the fat replacement level increased. The general population with an Appalachian influence "moderately liked" the control and oat-based 33% and 66% variations which were selected on the basis of the QDA results. Overall, the fat substituted variations with the most desirable characteristics were the pectin and oat-based 33% biscuits. The 100% variations would be the most beneficial in caloric reduction, however, their attributes would not be representative of an "ideal" Southern-style baking powder biscuit. / Master of Science

Thesis (M. Tech.(Environmental Health)) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005 / As the concentration of dust has been shown to be proportional to seasonal change in the Free State Province of South Africa, one might expect the prevalence of associated microorganisms to follow the same pattern. The presence of dust is also associated with an aerosolised microbial population that gets blown into almost any unsealed environment including food storage facilities at schools. In addition, facility design and storage practices at these schools are under-developed and could subsequently lead to the contamination of stored food by dust, insects and rainwater. The foods in question include fortified biscuits that are intended for malnourished, and in several cases immunocompromised, children who are susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. Therefore this study aimed to determine the impact of facility design on the level and distribution of viable airborne microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in the storage rooms and the outdoor environment at both rural (higher dust exposure) and urban schools. Besides the pathogenicity of these organisms, their ability to degrade the sugars (major fortifying agent) in the mentioned biscuits was also established. The results showed the presence of Escherichia coli, which signifies faecal contamination and could be attributed to the lack of toilet facilities in the schools, especially in rural areas. Although Staphylococcus sp. is normally related to poor personal hygiene practices, these organisms were also isolated from the air of the storerooms and school premises. The presence of moulds and airborne microorganisms was attributed to unfavourable environmental conditions as well as crowding in the classrooms. The microbial contamination originally present on the fortified biscuits or originating from the air further caused deterioration in the quality of the food. The fungi present in the air (identified species) cause respiratory problems when inhaled by children as they are opportunistic pathogens. It is further evident that a change of season corresponded to a general change in bioaerosol composition, such as the increased presence of dust during the winter months. It was further concluded that schools situated in different environments (urban/rural) should have storerooms that address the various environmental factors influencing bioaerosols. This would impact not only directly on the health of children in terms of their exposure to possible allergens, but also indirectly through the food that they consume as part of the feeding programme.

Abstract available in The FASEB Journal.

Orientador: Daniel Barrera-Arellano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davoli_FernandaZaccarelli_M.pdf: 1950760 bytes, checksum: beddba9801d9e0ab94fdf516e8404ff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: As comprovações científicas que demonstram os danos causados à saúde pelo consumo de ácidos graxos trans, aliadas às novas legislações que restringem a quantidade de ácidos graxos trans ou determinam a necessidade de suas quantidades serem especificadas nas tabelas nutricionais dos rótulos dos alimentos, tornaram a interesterificação e as técnicas de misturas de diferentes fontes de gorduras, ferramentas fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de gorduras e alimentos livres de ácidos graxos trans. A indústria de alimentos precisa de conhecimento sobre a funcionalidade e aplicabilidade de gorduras formuladas com baixo conteúdo de ácidos graxos trans e sobre o efeito de aditivos, como os emulsificantes, nas suas características físico-químicas. Neste trabalho, três gorduras comerciais com baixo conteúdo de ácidos graxos trans (duas para recheio de biscoito tipo wafer e uma para recheio de biscoito tipo sanduíche) foram aditivadas com cinco emulsificantes diferentes, a uma dosagem constante de 3%. Os emulsificantes utilizados foram 5 versões de mono e mono-diglicerídios saturados, que diferiam com relação à matéria-prima usada na sua produção e o teor de monoglicerídio contido no produto. As características físico-químicas determinadas nas gorduras foram: perfil de sólidos, ponto de fusão, dropping point, curvas de cristalização e de fusão por DSC e isoterma de cristalização por RMN. Os perfis de cristalização das gorduras tanto por DSC como RMN foram as características que mais sofreram alterações. Os cinco emulsificantes promoveram aumento na velocidade de cristalização das gorduras. Dois dos emulsificantes e duas das gorduras foram cristalizados em planta piloto, utilizando-se um trocador de calor de superfície raspada e, posteriormente usadas na produção de recheios. Os recheios foram analisados quanto à densidade específica, firmeza, dureza e aderência e comparados com recheios feitos com as gorduras sem aditivos. Em geral, nenhuma alteração significativa nos recheios foi observada. Enfim, emulsificantes podem ser usados como agentes de aceleração da velocidade de cristalização de gorduras e potencialmente podem diminuir o tempo de produção de gorduras e biscoitos recheados / Abstract: Scientific evidence that demonstrates the harm to health caused by the consumption of trans fatty acids, coupled with new legislation that limits the quantity of trans fatty acids or calls for its quantities to be clearly specified on nutritional tables in product labels have made the interesterification and blending techniques, which combine different sources of fat, essential for the development of trans free fats and food products. The food industry requires knowledge of functionally and applicability of formulated fats with low contents of trans fatty acids and of the effects that additives, such as emulsifiers, produce on their physical-chemical properties. This work studies the change to the physical-chemical properties of three commercially used fats (two wafer biscuit filling fats and one sandwich biscuit filling fat) with low contents of trans fatty acids when a constant 3% dosage of emulsifier is added. The emulsifiers used were five versions of saturated mono and mono-diglycerides made from different fat bases and having different monoglyceride contents. The physical-chemical properties of the fats analyzed were: solid fat content, melting point, dropping point, crystallization and melting curves by DSC and crystallization isotherm by NMR. The most significant change observed was related to the crystallization profile both by DSC or NMR. All five emulsifiers enhanced fat crystallization rate. Two emulsifiers combined with two fats were crystallized using a pilot scraped-surface heat exchanger (SSHE) and further used to produce biscuit fillings. These filling samples were finally analyzed in terms of their specific gravity, firmness, hardness and stickiness and compared to a filling made from pure low trans fat. No significant change was identified in the comparison. Thus, the emulsifier can be utilized as an agent to speed up fat crystallization and potentially shorten the fat and filled biscuit production time / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos