Background: The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) and to examine the role of survival sex in sexual risk among street-involved youth in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Methods: Between 1999 and 2003, 743 Winnipeg street youth were interviewed in three separate cohorts as part of a national multi-centred study by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Results: Among the 673 Winnipeg street youth who responded to questions relating to survival sex, 26.3% reported they had engaged in survival sex. Females and Aboriginal youth were at greatest risk for sex trade involvement. Youth engaged in survival sex were diagnosed with significantly higher rates of STBBI; experienced greater amounts of abuse; and were at greater risk for participating in high risk sexual behaviours compared to their non-sex trade counterparts. Conclusion: Gender specific, culturally appropriate, and youth oriented prevention and intervention strategies are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of STBBI and survival sex among this at-risk population.

Background: The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBI) and to examine the role of survival sex in sexual risk among street-involved youth in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Methods: Between 1999 and 2003, 743 Winnipeg street youth were interviewed in three separate cohorts as part of a national multi-centred study by the Public Health Agency of Canada. Results: Among the 673 Winnipeg street youth who responded to questions relating to survival sex, 26.3% reported they had engaged in survival sex. Females and Aboriginal youth were at greatest risk for sex trade involvement. Youth engaged in survival sex were diagnosed with significantly higher rates of STBBI; experienced greater amounts of abuse; and were at greater risk for participating in high risk sexual behaviours compared to their non-sex trade counterparts. Conclusion: Gender specific, culturally appropriate, and youth oriented prevention and intervention strategies are urgently required to reduce the prevalence of STBBI and survival sex among this at-risk population.

No description available.

There is an increase in HIV/AIDS and other blood borne diseases. Health care workers are often exposed to blood and body fluids and thus prone to blood borne infections. Preventative measures can be taken to prevent health workers from contracting these diseases. However, health care workers need to stringently apply these measures. Universal precautions against blood borne infections include diligent hygiene practices, such as hand washing and drying, appropriate handling and disposal of sharp objects, prevention of needle stick or sharp injuries, appropriate handling of patient care equipment and soiled linen, environmental cleaning and spills management, appropriate handling of waste as well as protective clothing such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and protective eyewear. This study is aimed at investigating compliance with universal precautions in operating theatres in Northern KwaZulu–Natal as well as perceptions of registered nurses working in these operating theatres regarding factors influencing compliance in order to contribute to measures to limit the risk of infection to patients and health care workers. A sequential explanatory design, mixed–method (quantitative and qualitative) was used to explore the use of universal precautions in operating theatres in the Northern Kwa–Zulu Natal. In the first phase, the sample consisted of practices in operating theatres of six hospitals and one regional hospital in area 3 of Kwa–Zulu Natal. The adapted structured checklist based on an established document developed by the MASA Committee for Science and Education (1995) was pilot tested. The collected data was statistically analysed and interpreted with the help of a statistician using SPSS. The results of Phase 1 were used as a base for the Phase 2 questions. Three focus group interviews were conducted with professional nurses who were observed during Phase 1 at the selected hospitals. Findings from quantitative data show that although health care workers take precautions to prevent infections, they do not attain full compliance to universal precautions. The qualitative data indicated that the reasons for non–compliance amongst others were the lack of knowledge of universal precautions, communication factors, resources, including maintenance of equipment, lack of supplies and shortage of human resources and attitudes of health care workers. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

There is an increase in HIV/AIDS and other blood borne diseases. Health care workers are often exposed to blood and body fluids and thus prone to blood borne infections. Preventative measures can be taken to prevent health workers from contracting these diseases. However, health care workers need to stringently apply these measures. Universal precautions against blood borne infections include diligent hygiene practices, such as hand washing and drying, appropriate handling and disposal of sharp objects, prevention of needle stick or sharp injuries, appropriate handling of patient care equipment and soiled linen, environmental cleaning and spills management, appropriate handling of waste as well as protective clothing such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks and protective eyewear. This study is aimed at investigating compliance with universal precautions in operating theatres in Northern KwaZulu–Natal as well as perceptions of registered nurses working in these operating theatres regarding factors influencing compliance in order to contribute to measures to limit the risk of infection to patients and health care workers. A sequential explanatory design, mixed–method (quantitative and qualitative) was used to explore the use of universal precautions in operating theatres in the Northern Kwa–Zulu Natal. In the first phase, the sample consisted of practices in operating theatres of six hospitals and one regional hospital in area 3 of Kwa–Zulu Natal. The adapted structured checklist based on an established document developed by the MASA Committee for Science and Education (1995) was pilot tested. The collected data was statistically analysed and interpreted with the help of a statistician using SPSS. The results of Phase 1 were used as a base for the Phase 2 questions. Three focus group interviews were conducted with professional nurses who were observed during Phase 1 at the selected hospitals. Findings from quantitative data show that although health care workers take precautions to prevent infections, they do not attain full compliance to universal precautions. The qualitative data indicated that the reasons for non–compliance amongst others were the lack of knowledge of universal precautions, communication factors, resources, including maintenance of equipment, lack of supplies and shortage of human resources and attitudes of health care workers. / Thesis (M.Cur.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Darbo tikslas: Įvertinti operacinės slaugytojų susižeidimų adatomis ir kitais aštriais instrumentais riziką. Tyrimo objektas - operacinės slaugytojų susižeidimų adatomis ir kitais aštriais instrumentais rizika. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti operacinės slaugytojų susižeidimų adatomis ir kitais aštriais instrumentais dažnumą, pobūdį bei susižeidimų priežastis. 2. Išanalizuoti saugią operacinės darbo aplinką lemiančius veiksnius. 3. Ištirti operacinės slaugytojų požiūrį į susižeidimų adatomis ir kitais aštriais instrumentais pranešimą ir jų registraciją. Tyrimo metodika: Tyrimas atliktas 2013 metų sausio – balandžio mėnesiais Vilniaus ir Kauno miestų tretinio lygio ligoninėse. Tyrimui panaudota vokiečių mokslininkės dr. Sabine Wicker sudarytos anketos: „Atsitiktinis susižeidimas“ (‚,Ein stich stecktan“) ir „Sumažinti pavojų užsikrėsti – vengti adatos dūrio“ (,,Infektionsrisiken senken – Nadelstichverletzungen vermeiden“). Anketos išverstos į lietuvių kalbą. Viso buvo išdalinta 200 anketų, grižo 185 anketos, iš jų nepilnai atsakytos 10. Statistinei analizei buvo naudotos 175 užpildytos anketos. Statistiniam duomenų apdorojimui naudoti SPSS 17.0 ir Microsoft Excel programų paketai. Statistinis duomenų reikšmingumas tikrintas pagal chi kvadrato (χ2) kriterijų ir statistinį reikšmingumą (p). Duomenų skirtumas reikšmingas, kai p<0,05. Tyrime naudotas faktorinės analizės metodas. Rezultatai ir išvados: Analizuojant tyrimo duomenis, nustatyta, kad tarp apklaustųjų nebuvo nei vieno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Research aim: to assess the risk of operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. Research object: operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. Research objectives: 1. To asses frequency, type and reasons of operating room nurses injuries with needles and other sharp instruments. 2. To analyse influencing causes for safe operating room environment. 3. To analyse the operating room nurses attitudes towards registration and reporting of injuries inflicted by needles and other sharp instruments. Research methodology: Research was done in January–April 2013 in Vilnius and Kaunas 3rd level hospitals. For this research two types of questionnaires, written by German scientist Dr. Sabine Wicker, were used: „Incidental Injury“ („Ein stich Stecktan“) and „Minimizing the danger of infection – prevent the needle puncture“ (,,Infektionsrisiken senken – Nadelstichverletzungen vermeiden“). Questionnaires were translated to Lithuanian language. There were 200 questionnaires distributed in total, 185 of them were returned and 10 were not fully answered. 175 fully answered questionnaires were used for statistical analysis. SPSS 17.0 and Microsoft Excel programs were used for statistical data analysis. Statistical data meaningfulness was verified by chi quadrant (χ2) criteria and statistical meaningfulness. Data difference is meaningful when p<0,05. Factor analysis method was used for the research. Results and conclusions: During the... [to full text]

Bakgrund: Blodsmitta, som i denna litteraturstudie är avgränsat till hepatit B, hepatit C och HIV/AIDS, förekommer världen över och leder till hepatiska och immunologiska sjukdomar. Som omvårdnadsansvarig sjuksköterska för patienter med blodsmitta innebär det att arbeta utifrån de kärnkompetenser som utformats av ICN för att säkerställa en högkvalitativ omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med blodsmitta. Frågeställningar som utformades var vilka känslor och tankar som uppkommer samt hur bemötandet blir. Metod: Litteraturstudien är gjord med kvalitativ ansats och tio vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut och genom innehållsanalys behandlas i resultatet. Resultat: Det genererade i fyra övergripande teman: Stigma, Rädsla, Tillit & Partnerskap samt upplevelsen av kunskap och kunskapsbrist. Resultatet visar att stigmatisering och fördomar förekommer hos sjuksköterskor gentemot smittade patienter, ibland med utgångspunkt i rädslan att bli smittad eller förutfattad uppfattning om stereotyper. Det framkommer att längre erfarenhet av att vårda blodsmittade patienter resulterar i en bättre vård. Mer utbildning är önskad för att i slutändan ingå i ett partnerskap byggt på tillit och respekt som är viktigt för att bedriva en god omvårdnad som är sjuksköterskans ansvar. Konklusion: De flesta sjuksköterskor och annan vårdpersonal beskrev att de hade som grundinställning att ge vård på lika villkor, men omedveten diskriminering av blodsmittade patienter förekom. Okunskap om smittvägar visade sig leda till rädslor och stress bland personalen. Långvariga patientrelationer var centralt där tillit är grunden för god vård. Efterfrågan av ytterligare utbildning inom området finns. / Background: Blood borne infections which in this literature review is defined as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS is present around the world and result in hepatic and immunological diseases. It's the nurse responsibility to work within the framework of ICN codes of ethics to ensure that high qualitative care is provided for the patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to research nurses experiences of caring for patients with blood borne infection. The issues that were formed included what feelings and thoughts that occur and how the encounter is affected. Method: The literature review is made with a qualitative approach and 10 scientific articles were selected to be processed with content analysis in the results section. Result: The themes that emerged was; Stigma, Fear, Trust & Partnership and Experience of knowledge and lack of knowledge. The result shows that stigmatization and prejudice is present in nurses care for infected patients, sometimes origins in fear of contamination or prejudice of stereotypes. It shows that longer experience with the patient group results in overall better care. More education is desired to reach development of partnerships built on trust and respect is essential to accomplish good care, which is the nurse responsibility. Conclusion: Nurses as well as other healthcare workers described their goal was to give equal care to everyone, yet an unaware discrimination of patients with blood borne infections occured. Lack of knowledge about transmission routes led to fear and stress among the staff members. Long patient relations and trust was important for good care. Demand of further education was present.