Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularly known as "pau-rainha", is a naturally occurring legume species from the northern state of Roraima (Brazil) to Panama. It has economic, social and environmental importance for local populations, being a nitrogen fixing species in association with bacteria of the rhizobia group. Thirteen Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with polar flagella, rods shaped bacteria previously isolated from root nodules of C. paraense grown in soils from the Roraima State were submitted to a polyphasic approach characterization. The study involved the carbon source utilization, enzymatic reaction, antibody, pH and NaCl tolerance, 16S rRNA, nodC, nifH and multi locus sequence phylogenetic analysis (MLSA with dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB and rpoB), G+C content and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Growth of strains was observed at temperature range 20- 36?C (optimal 28?C), pH ranges 5-11 (optimal 6.0-7.0) and 0.1-0.5%NaCl (optimal 0.1- 0.3%). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene placed the strains into two groups within Bradyrhizobium. Closest neighbouring species (98.8%) for group I was B. neotropicale while for group II were twelve species with more than 99% of similarity. MLSA confirmed B. neotropicale BR 10247T as the closest type strain for the group I and B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T for group II. ANI differentiated group I from the B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79.6%), and group II from B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88.1% and 87.9%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles (majority C16:0 and Summed feature 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) for both groups), DNA G+C content and carbon compound utilization supported the placement of the novel strains in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Gene nodC and nifH of the new strains have in general low similarity with other Bradyrhizobium species. Both groups nodulated plants from the tribes Crotalarieae, Dalbergiae, Genisteae and Phaseoleae. Based on the result obtained, two novel species which the names Bradyrhizobium centrolobii and Bradyrhizobium macuxiense are proposed. / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularmente conhecido como ?pau-rainha?, ? uma esp?cie de leguminosa que ocorre naturalmente no norte do estado de Roraima (Brasil) ao Panam?. Tem import?ncia econ?mica, social e ambiental para popula??es locais, sendo uma esp?cie fixadora de nitrog?nio (N) em associa??o com bact?rias do grupo dos riz?bios. Treze bact?rias gram-negativas, aer?bicas, com mobilidade atrav?s de flagelos polares e em forma de bastonetes previamente isoladas de n?dulos de ra?zes de Centrolobium paraense cultivadas em solos do estado de Roraima foram submetidas a caracteriza??o com abordagem polif?sica. O estudo envolveu a utiliza??o de fontes de carbono, rea??es enzim?ticas, composi??o de ?cidos graxos das c?lulas, antibi?ticos, pH e toler?ncia a NaCl,16S rRNA, an?lise filogen?tica dos genes nodC, nifH e de sequ?ncias multilocus (MLSA com dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB e rpoB), conte?do de G+C e identidade m?dia de nucleot?deos (ANI). O crescimento das estirpes foi observado num intervalo de temperatura 20-36?C (?tima 28?C), intervalo de pH de 5-11 (?timo 6,0-7,0) e 0,1-0,5% NaCl (?timo 0,1-0,3%). A an?lise do gene 16S rRNA posicionou as estirpes em dois grupos dentro de Bradyrhizobium. A esp?cie mais pr?xima (98,8%) para o grupo I foi B. neotropicale enquanto para o grupo II foram outras doze esp?cies com mais de 99% de similaridade. MLSA confirmou B. neotropicale BR 10247T como a estirpe tipo mais pr?xima do grupo I e B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T do grupo II. O ANI diferenciou o grupo I da B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79,6%) e o grupo II da B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88,1 e 87,9 respectivamente. O perfil de ?cidos graxos (predomin?ncia de C16:0 e caracterist?ca somada 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) para ambos os grupos, ANI, o conte?do de G+C e a utiliza??o de compostos de carbono deram suporte ao posicionamento das novas estirpes no g?nero Bradyrhizobium. Os genes nodC e nifH t?m em geral baixa similaridade com outras esp?cies de Bradyrhizobium. Ambos os grupos nodularam plantas de diferentes tribos.

O glifosato é o herbicida mais usado mundialmente em aplicações após a emergência das plantas daninhas, antes da semeadura ou emergência das culturas. Muitos trabalhos têm sido realizados para entender seu modo de ação, mas poucos com a finalidade de estudar seu efeito sobre as populações microbianas do solo, como a população de Bradyrhizobium japonicum e a conseqüente ação do produto sobre taxas de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN). Pouca ênfase também tem sido dada aos efeitos do produto sobre o acúmulo de macronutrientes em variedades de soja. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a ação do herbicida glifosato sobre a nutrição nitrogenada em soja convencional e transgênica, avaliando, para tanto, acúmulo de nutrientes, nodulação e taxas de FBN, fotossíntese e transpiração. Foram utilizadas as variedades de soja convencional, BRS Conquista e a transgênica, BRS Valiosa. Foram utilizadas as doses 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32\'mü\'M L-1 do herbicida glifosato em solução nutritiva e aplicação foliar. As plantas foram coletadas no estádio R3, época do florescimento pleno e R8, após o enchimento dos grãos e os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: produção de massa seca, taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração, acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes, nodulação, atividade da enzima nitrogenase e taxa de FBN. Observou-se que a variedade Conquista foi severamente afetada em todos os parâmetros estudados, com exceção das taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração. Na variedade Valiosa observou-se que a produção de massa seca e taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração não foram afetadas; o acúmulo de Cu e Zn sofreu redução com as doses aplicadas do produto em solução, no entanto, não houve resposta para o acúmulo dos demais nutirentes analisados: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe e Mn. Houve redução na atividade da enzima nitrogenase no tratamento 32\'mü\'M L-1, entretanto as taxas de FBN não foram prejudicadas na Valiosa. Concluiu-se que o herbicida glifosato afetou negativamente a variedade Conquista, mas teve pouca ação sobre os parâmetros analisados para a variedade Valiosa / Glyphosate is the most used herbicide throughout the world in post-emergent applications of weed species, before sowing or emergence of the cultures. Many works have been performed to understand the way of action of this herbicide, but few with the purpose to study its effect on the microbial populations of the soil, as the Bradyrhizobium japonicum population and the consequent action of the product on Biological Nitrogen Fixation rates (BNF). Little emphasis also has been given to the effect of this product on the macronutrients accumulation in soybean varieties. Thus, the present work aimed to study the action of the ghyphosate on the nitrogenous nutrition in conventional and tolerant soybean, though the nutrients accumulation, nodulation and BNF rates. Two contrast varieties of soybean were tested, one sensitive (BRS Conquista) and one tolerant (BRS Valiosa), in six different doses o the herbicide (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32\'mü\'M L-1) in nutritional solution and foliar application. The plants were collected in the R3 soybean developmental stage (full bloom) and R8, after grains filing and the following parameters were analyzed: dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, accumulation of nutrients, nodulation, nitrogenase activity and BNF rates. It was observed that the variety Conquista was severely affected in all the parameters studied, excepted for photosynthesis and transpiration rates. It was also observed that in the Valiosa variety the dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were not affected; the Cu and Zn accumulation was reduced with the application of higher doses of the product in solution, however, the other nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn) did not show any difference in accumulation. There was a reduction in the nitrogenase activity in the 32\'mü\'M L-1 treatment, however the BNF rates were not affected in the Valiosa variety. It was concluded that the herbicide ghyphosate had a negative effect in the variety Conquista, but it had little action on the parameters analyzed for the variety Valiosa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Rogerio Pontes Xavier.pdf: 723603 bytes, checksum: 615984d840258441caab97f579633aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-25 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Despite sugarcanes Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) research efforts which have been carrying on in Brazil, most of its varieties still need nitrogen fertilizer complement, and the cost of this supply trends to raise following the petroleum price. Thus, the scientific research has worked on finding alternatives to nitrogen fertilizer through varieties with higher potential to the BNF; crops practical handling that would be able to increase BNFs contribution; and also, through selection and inoculation of bacterias lineage efficient to BNF. Seeking some of these answers, three experiments were developed at Embrapa Agrobiologia in Seropedica-RJ heading to identify the most efficient sugarcanes varieties to BNF based on balance techniques of N-Total on the system soil/plant; 15N natural abundance; and 15N isotopic dilution. The experiment results allowed concluding that: 1) The N total balance of soil/plant system after 8 and 13 years of harvesting was positive to the most varieties studied, showing a significant entry of nitrogen from de atmosphere by BNF to the soil/plant system; 2) The varieties Krakatau, SP 70-1143, SP 79-2312 and SP 71- 6163 confirmed potential to BNF as observed on previous studies; 3) The varieties RB 72-454, RB 82-5336, RB 75-8540 and RB 83-5089 showed high potential to BNF. 4) The soil type and the crops cycle have great influence on the BFN contribution; 5) The BNF is an important source of N for the soil/plant system; got a glimpse of right handling possibility (systems of sugar cane harvesting with crop residue remaining on the soil surface) and with the utilization of efficient varieties to BNF may be possible to reduce or even eliminate crops nitrogen fertilizers. / Apesar dos esfor?os da pesquisa em FBN na cultura de cana-de-a??car, que vem sendo desenvolvida no Brasil, as soqueiras da maioria das variedades de cana-de-a??car ainda precisam de uma complementa??o com fertilizantes nitrogenados, e o custo deste insumo tende a elevar-se, acompanhando o pre?o do petr?leo. Assim, nos ?ltimos anos, a pesquisa cient?fica, vem trabalhando em busca de alternativas ? aduba??o nitrogenada, atrav?s de gen?tipos com maior potencial para FBN, pr?ticas de manejo da cultura que poderiam amplificar a contribui??o da FBN e pela sele??o e inocula??o de estirpes de bact?rias eficientes para FBN. Buscando alcan?ar algumas dessas respostas, na Embrapa Agrobiologia, localizada em Serop?dica-RJ, foram instalados tr?s experimentos com o objetivo identificar as variedades de cana-de-a??car mais eficientes para FBN, com base nas t?cnicas de balan?o de N-total no sistema solo/planta, abund?ncia natural de 15N e dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Os resultados desses experimentos permitiram concluir que: 1) o balan?o de N-total do sistema solo-planta ap?s 8 e 13 anos de cultivo foram positivos para a maioria das variedades estudadas, mostrando um significativo ingresso de nitrog?nio proveniente da atmosfera via FBN para o sistema solo-planta; 2) os gen?tipos Krakatau, SP 70-1143, SP 79-2312 e SP 71- 6163 confirmaram o potencial para FBN j? observados em estudos anteriores; 3) as variedades RB 72-454, e RB 82-5336, RB 75-8540 e RB 83-5089 apresentaram alto potencial para FBN; 4) o tipo de solo e o ciclo da cultura teve grande influ?ncia na contribui??o da FBN; e 5) a FBN ? uma importante fonte de N ao sistema solo planta, e vislumbram a possibilidade de que com o manejo adequado (colheita de cana crua) e com a utiliza??o de variedades eficientes para FBN, talvez, seja poss?vel reduzir ou mesmo eliminar a aduba??o com fertilizantes nitrogenados na cultura.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-28T14:10:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Karla Emanuelle Campos Araujo.pdf: 681239 bytes, checksum: 370286856e74db8636cdc28b6d35e0b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T14:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Karla Emanuelle Campos Araujo.pdf: 681239 bytes, checksum: 370286856e74db8636cdc28b6d35e0b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / ARAUJO, Karla Emanuelle Campos. Isotopic fractionation of 15N in nitrogen fixation in soybean due to light intensity and Bradyrhizobium spp. strain inoculated. 2014. 40f. Dissertation (Master in Plant Science). Institute of Agronomy, Department of Plant Science, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2014. This work aimed to study the isotopic fractionation of N from BNF in stems function and light intensity in soybean plant symbiosis with Bradyrhizobium. The 'B' value was evaluated for ten Bradyrhizobium strains, as well as their interaction with the soybean plant (Glycine max L.). The experiment was conducted at Embrapa greenhouse Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. The soybean plants inoculated with the different strains of Bradyrhizobium and a control not inoculated, were grown under conditions similar to Leonard vessels using substrate of sand and vermiculite in a 2: 1 (v / v). In the second experiment to assess the value 'B' of the resulting symbiosis BNF among cultivars (cv) of soybean BRS 133, BRS 184, MONSOY9144 nine Bradyrhizobium. Soybean plants in all the treatments, were grown under the same conditions, the soybean cultivation was performed in vessels Leonard with sand and perlite substrate in the proportion 1: 1 (v / v). In both experiments after 47 days of planting the plants were harvested and calculated the value 'B'. In the third experiment evaluated the effect of different strains of Bradyrhizobium and the reduction in the intensity of light on natural abundance of 15N N2 fixed by the strains in symbiosis with soybean cv BRS 133. An experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Agrobiology. The soybean plants inoculated with 11 Bradyrhizobium and treatment uninoculated were grown under similar conditions in plastic pots with sand substrate and pearlite in the proportion 1: 1 (v / v) .After 75 days after planting the plants were collected and calculated the value 'B'.No experiment 1, the values of ?Bpa? ranged between -2 and -4 ?, according to the strain used. In experiment 2, the values of ?Bpa? showed no difference between the soybean cultivars inoculated with Bradyrhizobium as the isotopic abundance of 15N in plants grown entirely dependent on FBN. There was a tendency for the abundance of 15N values in ?Bpa? treatment of plants inoculated with strains of B. elkanii to be less negative than in the case of plants inoculated with B. japonicum. In experiment 3 the values of ?B?PA showed natural 15N abundance values significantly more negative than the shaded plants. There was a tendency for the abundance of 15N in the shoot (and values of ?Bpa?) treatment of the plants inoculated with B. japonicum strains to be less negative than in the case of plants inoculated with B. elkanii. For the determination of the 'B' value, the plants should be in the same stage of maturity that being used to sample the plants in the field, to assess the value 'B' in low light intensity conditions (green house) can lead to the result of a 'B' value less negative than that given in full sun and so probably less appropriate uses it to calculate the contribution of BNF in legume under field conditions. / ARAUJO, Karla Emanuelle Campos. Fracionamento isot?pico do 15N na fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na soja em fun??o da intensidade de luz e estirpe de Bradyrhizobium spp. inoculada. 2014. 40f. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Fitotecnia). Instituto de Agronomia, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2014. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o fracionamento isot?pico do N proveniente da FBN, em fun??o de estipes e intensidade de luz na simbiose da planta de soja com Bradyrhizobium. O valor ?B? foi avaliado para dez estirpes de Bradyrhizobium, assim como sua intera??o com a planta de soja (Glycine max, L.). Foi conduzido o experimento na casa de vegeta??o da Embrapa Agrobiologia, Serop?dica, RJ. As plantas de soja inoculadas com as diferentes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e um controle, n?o inoculado, foram crescidas em condi??es semelhantes em vasos Leonard, utilizando substrato de areia e vermiculita na propor??o 2:1 (v/v). No segundo experimento para avaliar o valor ?B? da FBN resultante da simbiose entre as cultivares (cv) de soja BRS 133, BRS 184, MONSOY9144 e nove estirpes de Bradyrhizobium. As plantas de soja para todos os tratamentos, foram crescidas em condi??es iguais, o cultivo da soja foi realizado em vasos Leonard, utilizando substrato de areia e perlita na propor??o 1:1 (v/v). Nos dois experimentos ap?s 47 dias do plantio as plantas foram colhidas e calculou o valor ?B?. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e da redu??o na intensidade de luz sobre abund?ncia natural de 15N do N2 fixado pelas estirpes em simbiose com a cv. de soja BRS 133. Foi conduzido um experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia. As plantas de soja inoculadas com 11 estirpes de Bradyrhizobium e um tratamento n?o inoculado, foram crescidas em condi??es semelhantes em vasos pl?sticos, utilizando substrato de areia e perlita na propor??o 1:1 (v/v). Ap?s 75 dias do plantio as plantas foram colhidas e calculou-se o valor ?B?. No experimento 1, os valores de ?Bpa? variaram entre -2 e -4 ?, de acordo com a estirpe usada. No experimento 2, os valores de ?Bpa? n?o apresentaram diferen?a entre as cultivares de soja inoculadas com os Bradyrhizobium quanto a abund?ncia isot?pica de 15N nas plantas crescida inteiramente dependente da FBN. Houve uma tend?ncia para a abund?ncia de 15N nos valores de ?Bpa? das plantas dos tratamentos inoculados com estirpes de B. elkanii a serem menos negativo do que no caso de plantas inoculadas com B. japonicum. No experimento 3 os valores de ?Bpa? apresentaram valores de abund?ncia natural de 15N significativamente mais negativos do que as plantas sombreadas. Houve uma tend?ncia para a abund?ncia de 15N na parte a?rea (e os valores de ?Bpa?) das plantas dos tratamentos inoculados com estirpes de B. japonicum a serem menos negativo do que no caso de plantas inoculadas com B. elkanii. Para ? determina??o do valor ?B?, as plantas devem estar no mesmo est?gio de maturidade que as que est?o sendo utilizadas para amostrar as plantas no campo, a avalia??o do valor ?B? em condi??es de intensidade de luz reduzida (casa de vegeta??o) pode levar ao resultado de um valor ?B? menos negativo do que aquele determinado em pleno sol e assim provavelmente menos apropriado utiliza-lo, para calcular a contribui??o da FBN em leguminosa em condi??es de campo.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor involved in synaptic differentiation, growth, and maintenance. Increases in BDNF have been shown in substance abuse and decreases in BDNF have been shown in response to stress and major depressive disorder (MDD). We analyzed the effects of BDNF upregulation via lentivirus on Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA), behavioral sensitization, and nicotine self-administration in rats. Lentiviral-mediated expression cassettes, with dual promoters to drive the BDNF gene and the reporter gene were constructed according to the manufacturer’s instruction and surgically injected into the nucleus accumbens (Nac), the primary brain area that mediates drug reward and reinforcement. Rats were allowed to recover for three weeks before behavioral testing commenced. All rats were trained to associate the presentation of a lever and illumination of a stimulus light with delivery of 20% sucrose in a Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) task. Head entries into the receptacle where sucrose was delivered (goal tracking) and lever pressing (sign tracking) during the conditioned stimulus (CS) were measured to determine if BDNF over-expression (BDNF+) altered approach to the sign or goal location. Rats in the BDNF+ group made more goal directed behaviors during the CS than sham group. There were no differences in sign tracking and no differences in basal activity. This pattern suggests that BDNF over-expression may increase reward-related learning in a manner specific to goal tracking. Three days after completion of the PCA task, all animals were habituated to a locomotor arena followed by nicotine behavioral sensitization, and were administered nicotine (ip, 0.5 mg/kg free base) or saline every second day for seven days. Results revealed that the BDNF+ group demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to the hypoactive response to nicotine. At day 7, BDNF+ animals demonstrated enhanced behavioral sensitization to nicotine as compared to all other groups, and Sham NIC animals demonstrated sensitization compared to Sham SAL controls. Thus, it appears increasing NAc BDNF expression enhances the behavioral response to nicotine. Animals were then surgically implanted with a jugular catheter and commenced nicotine self-administration. Interestingly, BDNF+ rats demonstrated reduced nicotine self-administration and motivation to obtain nicotine. Global changes in BDNF expression could be a mediating variable in endophenotypes that are more or less susceptible to drug-taking and substance dependence.

O glifosato é o herbicida mais usado mundialmente em aplicações após a emergência das plantas daninhas, antes da semeadura ou emergência das culturas. Muitos trabalhos têm sido realizados para entender seu modo de ação, mas poucos com a finalidade de estudar seu efeito sobre as populações microbianas do solo, como a população de Bradyrhizobium japonicum e a conseqüente ação do produto sobre taxas de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio (FBN). Pouca ênfase também tem sido dada aos efeitos do produto sobre o acúmulo de macronutrientes em variedades de soja. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a ação do herbicida glifosato sobre a nutrição nitrogenada em soja convencional e transgênica, avaliando, para tanto, acúmulo de nutrientes, nodulação e taxas de FBN, fotossíntese e transpiração. Foram utilizadas as variedades de soja convencional, BRS Conquista e a transgênica, BRS Valiosa. Foram utilizadas as doses 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32\'mü\'M L-1 do herbicida glifosato em solução nutritiva e aplicação foliar. As plantas foram coletadas no estádio R3, época do florescimento pleno e R8, após o enchimento dos grãos e os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: produção de massa seca, taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração, acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes, nodulação, atividade da enzima nitrogenase e taxa de FBN. Observou-se que a variedade Conquista foi severamente afetada em todos os parâmetros estudados, com exceção das taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração. Na variedade Valiosa observou-se que a produção de massa seca e taxas de fotossíntese e transpiração não foram afetadas; o acúmulo de Cu e Zn sofreu redução com as doses aplicadas do produto em solução, no entanto, não houve resposta para o acúmulo dos demais nutirentes analisados: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe e Mn. Houve redução na atividade da enzima nitrogenase no tratamento 32\'mü\'M L-1, entretanto as taxas de FBN não foram prejudicadas na Valiosa. Concluiu-se que o herbicida glifosato afetou negativamente a variedade Conquista, mas teve pouca ação sobre os parâmetros analisados para a variedade Valiosa / Glyphosate is the most used herbicide throughout the world in post-emergent applications of weed species, before sowing or emergence of the cultures. Many works have been performed to understand the way of action of this herbicide, but few with the purpose to study its effect on the microbial populations of the soil, as the Bradyrhizobium japonicum population and the consequent action of the product on Biological Nitrogen Fixation rates (BNF). Little emphasis also has been given to the effect of this product on the macronutrients accumulation in soybean varieties. Thus, the present work aimed to study the action of the ghyphosate on the nitrogenous nutrition in conventional and tolerant soybean, though the nutrients accumulation, nodulation and BNF rates. Two contrast varieties of soybean were tested, one sensitive (BRS Conquista) and one tolerant (BRS Valiosa), in six different doses o the herbicide (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32\'mü\'M L-1) in nutritional solution and foliar application. The plants were collected in the R3 soybean developmental stage (full bloom) and R8, after grains filing and the following parameters were analyzed: dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates, accumulation of nutrients, nodulation, nitrogenase activity and BNF rates. It was observed that the variety Conquista was severely affected in all the parameters studied, excepted for photosynthesis and transpiration rates. It was also observed that in the Valiosa variety the dry mass production, photosynthesis and transpiration rates were not affected; the Cu and Zn accumulation was reduced with the application of higher doses of the product in solution, however, the other nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn) did not show any difference in accumulation. There was a reduction in the nitrogenase activity in the 32\'mü\'M L-1 treatment, however the BNF rates were not affected in the Valiosa variety. It was concluded that the herbicide ghyphosate had a negative effect in the variety Conquista, but it had little action on the parameters analyzed for the variety Valiosa

Le fragment de la Suite du Roman de Merlin que nous éditons est conservé dans quatre manuscrits (ms. de Londres, British Library, Additional 38117, le ms. Cambridge University Library, Additional 7071, le ms. de la Bibilothèque Nationale de France, fr. 112 - ms. de base de notre édition, et le ms. d'Imola, Biblioteca Comunale, ms. 135 AA25 n o 9 (7)). Par rapport aux trois éditions de la Suite déjà existantes (O. Sommer, Die Abenteuer Gawains Ywains und Le Morholts mit Den Drei Jungfrauen (Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie, Beiheft 47, 1913), P. C. Smith (Les enchantemenz de Bretagne, Chapel Hill, 1977), édition réalisée à partir du ms. Cambridge, et G. Roussineau (La Suite du Roman de Merlin, Droz, 1996), édition effectuée essentiellement à partir du ms. de Londres), l'objectif de notre édition est de fournir un texte de la Suite du Roman de Merlin établi à partir du ms. BNF 112, selon les principes modernes d'édition des textes médiévaux, et comportant un apparat critique à deux niveaux. Nous avons essayé d'offrir un grand nombre de variantes détaillées, fournies par les autres témoins de l’œuvre, en limitant nos interventions à des corrections qui s'imposent. Le texte de l'édition est suivi par des notes explicatives, un glossaire et un index des noms propres. Sur le plan linguistique, nous avons relevé des traits qui rattachent notre ms. au domaine du Nord (conseilh ; karoloient, etc.), des tournures modernes par rapport aux autres témoins de l’œuvre et un certain nombre de termes (baudel ; pourvillier) qui peuvent enrichir la base du Dictionnaire du Moyen Français. / The fragment of the Suite du Roman de Merlin that we edited is preserved in four manuscripts (London manuscript, British Library, Additional 38117, the Cambridge University Library manuscript, Additional 7071, the BNF 112 manuscript, which is the main manuscript of our edition, and the Imola manuscript, Biblioteca Comunale, ms. 135 AA25 n° 9 (7)). Comparing to the other three already existing editions of the Suite (O. Sommer, Die Abenteuer Gawains Ywains und Le Morholts mit Den Drei Jungfrauen (Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie, Beiheft 47, 1913), P. C. Smith (Les enchantemenz de Bretagne, Chapel Hill, 1977), edition based upon the Cambridge manuscript, and G. Roussineau (La Suite du Roman de Merlin, Droz, 1996), edition mainly based upon the London manuscript), the aim of our edition is to offer a text of the Suite du Roman de Merlin based upon the BNF 112 manuscript, according to the modern principles applied in the transcription of the medieval texts. We offered a great number of variants given by the other manuscritpts of the Suite and limited our interference with the text only for corrections which we considered strictly necessary. The text of our edition is followed by notes, a glossary and an index of names. On the linguistic level, we noted regional caracteristics that lead us to consider that our manuscript belongs to the North domain (conseilh ; karoloient, etc.), modern structures comparing to the other manuscripts of the Suite and a certain number of termes (baudel ; pourvillier) which can improve the DMF (Dictionnaire du Moyen Français) basis.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Walkyria_Neiverth.pdf: 2694760 bytes, checksum: 7b3db9a364fcea380b3a53433bdbf6aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nitrogen is one of the limiting factors of crop production, but its continuous availability by applying chemical fertilizer in agriculture, will lead to high costs, both economic and environmental. To reduce these costs, several studies have been conducted regarding the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Considering that the great diversity of soil microorganisms has not been yet catalogued, the goal of this work was to study the morphological and genetic diversity of endophytic rhizobacteria obtained from soils of different classes and crop managements in order to isolate individuals with potential for PGPB. Bacteria were isolated from diluted soils and inoculated in bait-plants of wheat grown in the nutrient solution. After 30 days, the plant tissue was superficially sterilized and macerated and an aliquot of serial dilutions was inoculated in selective medium Dygs with successive plating to obtain pure colonies. Bacterial growth was quantified by counting colony forming units (c.f.u.) and 400 morphologically distinct colonies were characterized: size, shape, color, edge, homogeneity, transparency, elevation, and mucus. Based on this information, the isolates were analyzed and grouped by using the program Past for morphological typing. From these 269 strains were genetically characterized by rep-PCR with specific primer. Polymorphic profiles obtained were analyzed and grouped with BioNumerics software. Calculations regarding the rates of morpho-genetic diversity and richness were performed by SPADE program. The managements with succession of corn and soybean in organic system (M10) and corn - soybean RR (M8) were the ones showing higher and lower c.f.u, respectively. The great biodiversity found in the various types of soil under different culture managements from evaluated regions have resulted in a total of 35 morphological and 25 genetics groups. As for genetic groups, there was, in addition to the 25 major groups, 16 profiles when used 60% of similarity. In morphological groups, it was observed greater number of profiles relating to riparian forest area (M4), whereas the smallest number was observed in succession corn and organic soybean on zero tillage (M10). It was found higher morphological diversity index, richness and groups expected in future collection management with monoculture of sugar cane, high levels of P in soil and application of vinasse (M1), being the lowest indexes for the monoculture management with sugar cane with low P in soil and mineral fertilization (M2). As for diversity indexes and genetic richness the M1 management stands out as showing the higher diversity indexes, but the highest rates of richness and groups expected in future collection were observed in the succession corn - soybean (M9) management. By contrast, the lowest rates of genetic diversity and richness were appointed by management with organic soybean on zero tillage. The results showed a high diversity in all areas assessed, both for the different cultivation managements, soil types, as to characteristic vegetation of the different areas, pointing the concomitant influence of these agri-environmental characteristics on the dominance of specific morpho-genetic groups within the communities / O nitrogênio é um dos fatores mais limitantes da produção vegetal, porém sua disponibilização contínua pela agricultura através da aplicação de fertilizantes químicos acarreta em altos custos financeiros, energéticos e ambientais. Com intuito de reduzir estes custos, vários estudos vêm sendo realizados quanto à fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) e utilização de bactérias promotoras de crescimento vegetal (BPCV). Considerando-se a grande diversidade destes micro-organismos de solo ainda não catalogados, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a diversidade morfológica e genética de rizobactérias endofíticas obtidas a partir de solos de diferentes classes e manejos de cultivo, a fim de isolar indivíduos com potenciais biotecnológicos para a FBN e para a promoção de crescimento vegetal (PCV). Bactérias foram isoladas a partir de solos diluídos e inoculados em plantas-iscas de trigo cultivadas em solução nutritiva. Após 30 dias, o tecido vegetal foi superficialmente esterilizado, macerado e uma alíquota plaqueada em meio de cultura generalizado, Dygs. O crescimento bacteriano foi quantificado pela contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (u. f. c.) e as colônias aparentemente distintas foram caracterizadas morfologicamente. Com base nestes dados, foram escolhidas 400 estirpes, analisadas e agrupadas pela utilização do programa Past. A caracterização genética de 269 estirpes foi realizada pela reação de rep-PCR com primer específico BOX e os perfis polimórficos apresentados foram analisados e agrupados com auxílio do programa BioNumerics. Cálculos quanto aos índices de diversidade e riqueza morfo-genética foram realizados a partir do programa SPADE. Os manejos com sucessão milho - soja em sistema orgânico e milho - soja RR foram os que apresentaram maiores e menores médias de u. f. c., respectivamente. A grande biodiversidade encontrada nas diferentes classes de solos sob os manejos de cultivo das regiões avaliadas estabeleceram um total de 35 agrupamentos morfológicos e 25 agrupamentos genéticos. Quanto aos agrupamentos genéticos, verificou-se, além dos 25 GG formados, a obtenção de 16 perfis isolados quando comparados a 60% de similaridade. Nos agrupamentos morfológicos, observou-se maior número de perfis referentes à área de mata ciliar (M4), enquanto que o menor número foi observado no manejo de sucessão milho - soja orgânico (M10). Observou-se ainda, maior índice de diversidade, riqueza e grupos esperados em coleta futura no manejo com monocultivo de cana-de-açúcar, alto teor de P no solo e aplicação de vinhaça (M1), sendo os menores índices referentes ao manejo com monocultivo de cana-de-açúcar com baixo teor de P e adubação mineral (M2). Quanto aos índices de diversidade e riqueza genética destaca-se o manejo M1 como sendo o de maior diversidade, porém os maiores índices de riqueza e grupos esperados em coleta futura foram observados no manejo de sucessão milho - soja (M9). Em contrapartida, os menores índices de diversidade e riqueza são apontados ao manejo M10, sendo a área com pousio (M5) a menos favorável ao desenvolvimento dos micro-organismos de acordo com o índice de grupos esperados em coleta futura. Os resultados demonstram uma alta diversidade em todas as regiões avaliadas, tanto para os diferentes manejos de cultivo, classes de solo quanto à vegetação característica das diferentes áreas, além da influência concomitante destes sobre a dominância de determinados grupos morfo-genéticos dentro da comunidade

Thèse sur travaux Le premier volume se divise en deux parties consacrées successivement à la lexicographie diachronique et à la lexicographie synchronique. La première partie relate les différentes étapes de la rédaction des notices Étymologie et Histoire élaborées pour le Trésor de la Langue Française (TLF) avec leurs exigences et leurs difficultés spécifiques et constitue une introduction raisonnée pour l'utilisateur de ce dictionnaire. La seconde, consacrée aux notices rédigées pour le Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (DMF), met l'accent sur les différences entre la lexicographie diachronique et la lexicographie synchronique, cette dernière, grâce au support de l'informatique, étant évolutive. Le second volume, constitué essentiellement par les articles du lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville est destiné principalement à dégager les faits linguistiques intéressants non attestés ou mal attestés dans les dictionnaires de référence et vise à apporter des données nouvelles ou complémentaires, notamment en ce qui concerne la variation du moyen français. Il contribue à une meilleure interprétation de cette œuvre d'une frappante richesse, composée par un véritable créateur de mots sous la plume duquel abondent les néologismes, archaïsmes et régionalismes normands et picards. Le dernier volume, constitué par la transcription du manuscrit de Paris, BNF, fr. 1818, est né de la nécessité de rédiger un lexique des Pèlerinages de Guillaume de Digulleville sur des assises philologiquement solides, ce que n'aurait pas permis l'édition du XIXème siècle de J. J. Stürzinger, à la fois peu lisible pour le profane et peu fidèle à son manuscrit de base.

La thèse considère la double inconnue d’un répertoire et d’un jeu violonistique encore inexplorés. Elle dévoile les sonates françaises pour piano et violon de la période 1800-1870, mais questionne aussi leur interprétation. Une étude historique est menée sur le jeu des violonistes français : la base de données Mélos, deux inventaires inédits, l’analyse de maintes sources et témoignages, notamment un imposant corpus de traités pédagogiques de violon publiés en France au XIXe siècle et les partitions annotées du fonds Baillot de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), apportent des éclairages originaux sur ce sujet. L’ambition est de construire aujourd’hui, violon en main, une interprétation de ces sonates méconnues et, avec la création d’outils destinés aux interprètes et aux scientifiques, d’œuvrer à leur diffusion. / This dissertation addresses the twofold issue of a violin repertoire and a performance practice, both of which had yet to be explored. French sonatas for piano and violin ranging from the 1800s to the 1870s are unveiled. Their interpretation is also discussed. The performance practices of French violinists are studied from a historical perspective. The Melos database, two previously unpublished inventories, the analysis of numerous sources and testimonies, including an extensive corpus of 19th-century French violin methods and the annotated scores from the French National Library’s Baillot collection are used to tackle this question in the light of multiple criteria. The final purpose of this thesis is to combine theory and practice to bring about an interpretation of these little-known sonatas and to foster new tools for interpreters and scientists with a view to promulgate these works.