Previous studies have established that when a subject’s attention is directed to a specific body part, the subject is able to move that body part faster than a body part their attention was not drawn to. This is known as the body compatibility effect, and it has been shown that this effect only occurs when viewing upright images of the human body. In this study, we presented control subjects and expert acrobats with inverted and upright stimuli. We hypothesized that the amount of time the acrobats spent inverted would result in the acrobats exhibiting body compatibility effects for both upright and inverted stimuli. Compatibility effects were observed in the upright condition for both groups, but neither group exhibited any compatibility effects in the inverted position. Unexpectedly the acrobats responded significantly faster to incongruent trials compared to the control subjects, leading to the conclusion that there must be some form of priming occurring concurrently with the body compatibility task allowing the acrobats to respond faster than the control participants.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ednaldo Edilei Franco.pdf: 1744204 bytes, checksum: 466176969105c84d33b61cc93945c66a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / This investigation aims at discussing the consumption related to the ―world of ball‖ and to the media constructions from the soccer culture perspective in the national collective thought. The theme of the research is the media construction of the ―different body‖ characterized by being different from the known model of the player and the analysis is focused on the media strategies for the construction of this ―dissonant body‖ representations in the interface between communication and consumption. The analysis was restricted by the construction of Ronaldo Luíz Nazário de Lima s image in the media, considering two phases of his carrier: 1) in the beginning, when he is presented as a phenomenon and 2) in the moment right after his retirement, characterized by his physical decadence. In order to pursue these phases, the corpora include the news found in the press media from 1996 to 2011. The French Approach Discourse Analysis is the most important theoretical assumption chosen to investigate the strategies for media constructions. The studies on communication and consumption were also considered for a better comprehension of this media phenomenon in Brazilian society. / Neste trabalho discute-se o consumo relacionado ao ―mundo da bola‖ e as construções midiáticas a partir da cultura do futebol no coletivo nacional. O tema da pesquisa é a construção midiática do ―corpo diferente‖ caracterizado por estar fora do padrão para a função de jogador e a análise concentra-se nas estratégias da mídia na produção de representações desse ―corpo dissonante‖ na interface entre comunicação e consumo. Delimitamos nossa análise na construção midiática de Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima, em duas fases de sua carreira: 1) no início, quando é apresentado como um fenômeno e 2) no momento que precede sua aposentadoria, caracterizado pela decadência física. Para tanto, os corpora são formados por matérias veiculadas na mídia impressa no período de 1996 a 2011. A análise do discurso de linha francesa é um dos principais embasamentos teóricos para investigarmos as estratégias de construção midiática, bem como os estudos de comunicação e consumo são fundamentais para aprofundarmos a compreensão desse fenômeno midiático na sociedade brasileira.

La domanda "Che cos’è lo spazio?" è sempre stata un tema centrale per la filosofia, ed è diventata di interesse anche per la psicologia cognitiva e per le neuroscienze, con una domanda cruciale strettamente legata: "Dove sono io?". Lo sforzo per collegare le risposte a queste due domande mira proprio a comprendere la complessa relazione che esiste tra lo spazio interno ed esterno, che è l'obiettivo finale di questo lavoro. L'idea è che la nostra posizione nel mondo influenzi fortemente il modo in cui codifichiamo, archiviamo e recuperiamo dalla memoria un layout spaziale. Inoltre, questo layout spaziale serve da impalcatura che vincola tutte le informazioni relative al nostro passato, presente e futuro, e tutte le esperienze legate al nostro corpo. All’interno di un approccio enattivo, si suggerisce una sincronizzazione continua (cioè, il “mental frame syncing") tra una rappresentazione allocentrica indipendente dal punto di vista allocentrica (i.e. che include solo relazioni oggetto-oggetto astratte) e una rappresentazione allocentrica dipendente dal punto di vista (i.e. che include informazioni sulla nostra direzione egocentrica attuale) possa permettere di posizionare il corpo nello “spazio memorizzato” rendendo più semplice la traduzione di questo in un “lived space” di cui si necessita per navigare, per ricordare il passato e per sentire il corpo. Sulla base di queste premesse teoriche, quattro studi sperimentali saranno presentati per studiare il ruolo del mental frame syncing come un principio di allineamento centrato sull’osservatore nei processi di codifica e di recupero delle informazioni. / The question "What is space?" has always been a central topic for philosophy, and a closely linked crucial question becomes of interest for cognitive psychology and neuroscience, that is "Where am I?" The efforts to answer these two questions are means to better understanding of the complex relation between the outer and the inner space, which is the final goal of this work. The idea is that that our bodily position in the world strongly affects the way in which we encode, store and retrieve a spatial layout. Moreover, this spatial layout serves as a scaffold, binding all the information of our past, present, future and body-related experiences. Within an enactive approach, it is suggested that this continuous synchronization (namely, the “mental frame syncing”) of an allocentric viewpoint-independent representation (i.e. including only abstract object-to-object relations) and an allocentric viewpoint-dependent representation (i.e. comprising information about our current heading) may permit to place current bodily position in the “memorized space" making easy the translation of it into a “lived space” that it is needed to navigate, remember the past and feel the body. On these theoretical premises, four experimental studies will be presented to investigate the role of mental frame syncing as an alignment principle centred on observer the processes of encoding and retrieval of information

Orientador: Ângela Viana Machado Fernandes / Banca: Murilo José D'Almeida Machado / Banca: Edson do Carmo Inforsato / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a representação corporal de jovens infratores da cidade de Araraquara que se encontram em liberdade assistida, e entender qual sua relação com o mundo, discutindo o papel da disciplina Educação Física no contexto da construção da imagem corporal. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi escolhida a Rede Salesianos de Araraquara L.A. (Liberdade Assistida), por ser considerada modelo de atendimento ao jovem em conflito com a Lei. O Salesianos reúne condições necessárias para a realização da investigação proposta: jovens em conflito com a lei e em liberdade assistida. Entendendo a Rede Salesianos L.A. Araraquara como uma instituição social, fizemos uma discussão a respeito da representação corporal desses jovens abordando a especificidade da formação social e seus desdobramentos no que diz respeito às possibilidades da juventude no cenário atual. Analisamos essa representação a partir dos escritos de Michel Foucault (1987) sobre o poder e a disciplina dos corpos e a identidade e sentimento de pertencimento segundo Zigmunt Bauman (2004). A análise das representações sociais foi pautada por entrevistas compreensivas realizadas com cinco jovens internos de 14 a 17, que já cometeram algum delito entre os anos de 2008 e 2009. A pesquisa apresentou uma discussão satisfatória para os nossos interesses nos limites do tempo de mestrado. Focalizou as representações corporais desses jovens, tendo em vista as inquietações em relação ao papel da escola e da educação física na vida dos mesmos, atreladas às questões da juventude e às instituições de controle social. A análise da representação corporal de jovens em liberdade assistida é o primeiro passo para entendermos como estes jovens lidam com seus corpos e como estão inseridos na sociedade em que vivem, isto é, o trajeto... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to identify the body representation of young offenders who are under counseling and assisted probation orders in the city of Araraquara, as well as to understand their relation with the world by discussing the role of Physical Education in connection with the construction of body image. For this research we chose Rede Salesianos de Araraquara L.A. (Assisted Probation), since it is considered a model in which young people are required to behave in an acceptable manner while being offered appropriate opportunities to manage their conflict with the law and social reintegration. The Salesianos gather up necessary conditions for carrying out the proposed research: youth in conflict with the law and probation. Considering Salesianos in the city of Araraquara a social institution, we analyzed the body representation of young people addressing the particularity of social formation and its consequences concerning the possibilities of youth people in the current scenario. We analyzed this representation from the view of Michel Foucault (1987), regarding the power and discipline of bodies and the identity and sense of belonging, according to Zigmunt Bauman (2004). The analysis of social representations was guided by comprehensive interviews with five young interns aging from 14-17 years old, who have committed any offense between the years 2008 and 2009. This research presented a satisfactory discussion on our interests in the limits of a Masters work. We focused on body representations of these youngsters, paying attention to the role of the school and the Physical Education in their lives, tied to youth issues and institutions of social control. The analysis of bodily representation of youngsters under probation is the first step for understanding how these people deal with their bodies and how they fit into society they live in. The path... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valeta_ln_me_arafcl.pdf: 1270136 bytes, checksum: 3b81c199edc7d2c580b495b05a334b8f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a representação corporal de jovens infratores da cidade de Araraquara que se encontram em liberdade assistida, e entender qual sua relação com o mundo, discutindo o papel da disciplina Educação Física no contexto da construção da imagem corporal. Para a realização desta pesquisa foi escolhida a Rede Salesianos de Araraquara L.A. (Liberdade Assistida), por ser considerada modelo de atendimento ao jovem em conflito com a Lei. O Salesianos reúne condições necessárias para a realização da investigação proposta: jovens em conflito com a lei e em liberdade assistida. Entendendo a Rede Salesianos L.A. Araraquara como uma instituição social, fizemos uma discussão a respeito da representação corporal desses jovens abordando a especificidade da formação social e seus desdobramentos no que diz respeito às possibilidades da juventude no cenário atual. Analisamos essa representação a partir dos escritos de Michel Foucault (1987) sobre o poder e a disciplina dos corpos e a identidade e sentimento de pertencimento segundo Zigmunt Bauman (2004). A análise das representações sociais foi pautada por entrevistas compreensivas realizadas com cinco jovens internos de 14 a 17, que já cometeram algum delito entre os anos de 2008 e 2009. A pesquisa apresentou uma discussão satisfatória para os nossos interesses nos limites do tempo de mestrado. Focalizou as representações corporais desses jovens, tendo em vista as inquietações em relação ao papel da escola e da educação física na vida dos mesmos, atreladas às questões da juventude e às instituições de controle social. A análise da representação corporal de jovens em liberdade assistida é o primeiro passo para entendermos como estes jovens lidam com seus corpos e como estão inseridos na sociedade em que vivem, isto é, o trajeto... / This study aimed to identify the body representation of young offenders who are under counseling and assisted probation orders in the city of Araraquara, as well as to understand their relation with the world by discussing the role of Physical Education in connection with the construction of body image. For this research we chose Rede Salesianos de Araraquara L.A. (Assisted Probation), since it is considered a model in which young people are required to behave in an acceptable manner while being offered appropriate opportunities to manage their conflict with the law and social reintegration. The Salesianos gather up necessary conditions for carrying out the proposed research: youth in conflict with the law and probation. Considering Salesianos in the city of Araraquara a social institution, we analyzed the body representation of young people addressing the particularity of social formation and its consequences concerning the possibilities of youth people in the current scenario. We analyzed this representation from the view of Michel Foucault (1987), regarding the power and discipline of bodies and the identity and sense of belonging, according to Zigmunt Bauman (2004). The analysis of social representations was guided by comprehensive interviews with five young interns aging from 14-17 years old, who have committed any offense between the years 2008 and 2009. This research presented a satisfactory discussion on our interests in the limits of a Masters work. We focused on body representations of these youngsters, paying attention to the role of the school and the Physical Education in their lives, tied to youth issues and institutions of social control. The analysis of bodily representation of youngsters under probation is the first step for understanding how these people deal with their bodies and how they fit into society they live in. The path... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In the last decade, neuroscience and psychology alike have paid increasing attention to the study of affective touch, which refers to the emotional and motivational facets of tactile sensation. Some aspects of affective touch have been linked to a neurophysiologically specialised system, namely the C tactile (CT) system. While the role of this system for affiliation, social bonding and communication of emotions have been investigated, less is known about the potential role of affective touch in the awareness of the body as our own, i.e. as belonging to our psychological 'self'. This thesis attempted to contribute to the knowledge on affective touch and its relation to body awareness, by exploring the potential role of this modality to the way we perceive and make sense of our body as our own. Specifically, this work aimed to advance the current state of knowledge by investigating: 1) the effect of affective touch on the sense of body ownership, which is a fundamental aspect of body awareness; 2) the relation between interoceptive modalities, originating both internally (i.e. cardiac awareness) and peripherally (i.e. affective touch), and exteroception in body awareness; 3) the effect of intranasal oxytocin on the perception of affective touch and bodily awareness; 4) the perception and social modulation of affective touch in psychiatric patients who show difficulties in body awareness, namely patients with Anorexia Nervosa, and 5) the modulating role of self-other distinction and of self-other relation in the perception of affective touch and body awareness. In a first experiment (N = 52) the rubber hand illusion paradigm was used to investigate the role played by CT-optimal, affective touch in the sense of body ownership. The results showed that slow, pleasant touch enhanced the experience of embodiment in comparison to faster, neutral touch, suggesting that affective touch might uniquely contribute to the sense of body ownership. The following study (N = 75), used a similar methodology to test whether interoceptive sensitivity as measured by a heartbeat counting task would modulate the extent to which affective touch influences the multisensory process taking place during the rubber hand illusion. The results could not confirm a systematic relation between interoceptive sensitivity and the perception of affective touch, nor its influence on body ownership. The next study (N = 41) included a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, cross-over design testing the effect of intranasal oxytocin on the perception of affective touch and body ownership, as measured by means of the rubber hand illusion. There was no evidence supporting the hypothesis that intranasal oxytocin could influence the CT system as tested in this study. The next study (N = 55) applied some of the above methodologies to investigate the perception of CT-optimal touch in patients with anorexia nervosa and its emotional modulation by top-down factors. The results confirmed the hypothesis that people with anorexia nervosa show a reduced perception of affective touch compared to healthy controls, but its perception was not influenced by top-down affective modulation, in the sense that both patients and healthy controls perceived touch as more pleasant when presented concurrently with positive facial expressions compared to neutral and negative faces. Finally, the last two studies (N = 76 and 35 healthy volunteers, respectively) focused on the relationship between affective touch and body awareness in the context of social cognition. These studies used both online and offline social modulation paradigms to investigate the role of self-other distinction and of self-other relation in the perception of affective touch. The results showed that positive top-down social information can enhance the perceived pleasure of tactile stimulation. Taken together, these studies point to the central role of affective touch in body awareness and social cognition. Finally, they also pave the way for future studies examining the role of disruptions of the CT system in the development of neuropsychiatric impairments of body awareness and social cognition.