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INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the United States and globally, and impacts many aspects of health. To understand the contribution of body weight to chronic diseases such as diabetes, it is necessary to characterize secular and longitudinal weight trends prior to evaluating the weight effects that may result from medical interventions. The cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicates that mean body weight in the adult population increased from 152 lb (69 kg) to 181 lb (82 kg) between 1959 and 2008. However, there are no previously published studies on secular or longitudinal weight trends in a veteran population. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to describe secular and longitudinal trends in body weight for a large population of male and female individuals with and without diabetes in the Veterans Administration (VA) healthcare system, the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States. METHODS: Retrospective observational analysis of data from VA facilities throughout the United States, in patients who had at least 4 outpatient visits within any consecutive 4-year interval during 2000–2014. The dataset included men and women with and without type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes were longitudinal trends in body weight stratified by birth cohort, sex, and diabetes status. RESULTS: A total of 4,680,735 unique patients, 1,666,346 with diabetes, were included in the analysis. Regressions were performed on the patient-level data and segmented by birth cohort. A total of 176,034,543 weight observations were included in the analysis, with a median of 15 to 36 weight observations per patient in individuals without diabetes, and a median of 22 to 49 weight observations in individuals with diabetes across birth cohorts. In the year 2000, the y-intercept for the regression equations indicated a mean body weight for men without diabetes of 188 lb (85 kg), for women without diabetes of 166 lb (75 kg), for men with diabetes of 213 lb (97 kg), and for women with diabetes of 195 lb (88 kg). Secular trends in body weight during the study period had median linear increases of 0.53 lb/y (0.24 kg/y) in men with diabetes, 0.50 lb/y (0.23 kg/y) in women with diabetes, 0.53 lb/y (0.24 kg/y) in men without diabetes, and 0.86 lb/y (0.39 kg/y) among women without diabetes, respectively. In cohorts born before 1940, body weight decreased. In the cohorts born between 1940-1949, body weight was stable. In all cohorts born after 1950, body weight increased. Across birth cohorts, the rate of weight increase accelerated from older to younger groups, with higher rates in the groups with diabetes than in the groups without diabetes: β2 = 0.0260 lb2/y (0.01179 kg2/y) in men without diabetes, 0.0398 lb2/y (0.01805 kg2/y) in men with diabetes, 0.0127 lb2/y (0.00576 kg2/y) in women without diabetes, and 0.0895 lb2/y (0.04060 kg2/y) in women with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of secular and longitudinal weight trends in a large, contemporary veteran population that includes both men and women. Consistent with findings from the Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal study of male veterans from the northeastern United States, weight changes varied from decreases among the oldest birth cohorts to increases in the youngest birth cohorts. Secular changes in body weight by birth cohort were consistent with the patterns reported in the Global Burden of Disease Study. The rate of weight change is accelerated in all younger birth cohorts relative to all older birth cohorts, with the highest rates in women with diabetes. Further analyses of this dataset are recommended to elucidate clinical characteristics associated with longitudinal weight change among individuals with and without diabetes in the veteran population.

This dissertation focuses on monitoring a one year body weight change among adolescent males (15 20 years old) depending on their chronological type. Probands filled in a questionnaire and were divided in two groups ("early birds" and "night owls). Night owls get up later and are more active in the afternoon and in the evening. By contrast, early birds get up earlier and their activity during the afternoon and evening is gradually fading. Theoretical part clarifies key words of study. Practical part explains methods, procedures and aims but mainly results and practical recommendations of the whole dissertation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-06Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000792881.pdf: 2160153 bytes, checksum: d2cb857fc79b5739f8ebecaf1ca8b964 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivos: apresentar uma abordagem teórica da imagem corporal, baseada na literatura, destacando a preocupação com a forma do corpo e as propriedades psicométricas do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Estimar a validade, a confiabilidade e a invariância fatorial do BSQ, em suas diferentes versões (completa e reduzidas) e modelos fatoriais, quando aplicado a uma amostra de estudantes universitárias brasileiras. Identificar a contribuição de variáveis laborais, demográficas, sociais e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a preocupação com a imagem corporal. Métodos: realizou-se revisão de literatura por meio de levantamento bibliográfico dos trabalhos publicados nos últimos 25 anos (1987-2012) disponíveis na íntegra nas bases de dados Pubmed, Bireme e Scielo. Para as diferentes versões e modelos fatoriais do BSQ, encontrados na literatura, foram estimadas as validades de conteúdo, fatorial, convergente, discriminante, concorrente e divergente. Os itens do instrumento foram avaliados pela sensibilidade psicométrica (medidas de resumo) e pelos pesos fatoriais (λ). A Razão de validade de Conteúdo (RVC) foi computada para estimar a validade de conteúdo. Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória e como índices de qualidade do ajustamento utilizou-se a razão qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (2/gl), o Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), o Normed Fit Index (NFI) e o Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). A validade convergente foi aferida por meio da Variância Extraída Média (VEM) e Confiabilidade Composta (CC). Para verificar a existência de validade discriminante, dos modelos apresentados com mais de um fator, foi utilizado o coeficiente de determinação (r2). As validades concorrente e divergente do BSQ foram estimadas por Análise Correlacional (r) e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) entre o mesmo e as escalas Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) e Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes ... / Aims: present a theoretical approach on the body image, through literature review, highlighting the body shape concern and the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Estimate the validity, reliability and factorial invariance of the BSQ, in different versions (complete and short) and factorial models, when applied to a sample of Brazilian female university students. Identify the contribution of sociodemographic and labor variables and of the body mass index (BMI) in the concern with body image. Methods: Bibliographic survey of the studies published in the last 25 years (1987-2012) available in full in the databases Pubmed, Bireme e Scielo. To the BSQ’s different versions and factorial models, found in the literature, were estimated the validities of content, factorial, convergent, discriminant, concurrent and divergent. The items of the instrument were evaluated by psychometric sensitivity (summary measures) and by factor weights (λ). The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was computed to estimate the content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and used as goodness-of-fit indices the chi-square by degrees of freedom ratio (2/df), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Normed Fit Index (NFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was estimated by Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR). To check the discriminant validity of the models presented with more than one factor, the coefficient of determination (r2) was used. Concurrent validity and divergent of the BSQ were estimated by Correlational Analysis (r) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) between the BSQ and the instruments Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students (MBI-SS), respectively. The standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) was calculated to estimate the internal consistency. To check the stability of BSQ’s factor solution was ... / FAPESP: 12/13475-4 / FAPESP: 13/02678-4

Orientador: Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos / Banca: Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso Garcia / Banca: Angela Nogueira Neves Betanho Campana / Resumo: Objetivos: apresentar uma abordagem teórica da imagem corporal, baseada na literatura, destacando a preocupação com a forma do corpo e as propriedades psicométricas do Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Estimar a validade, a confiabilidade e a invariância fatorial do BSQ, em suas diferentes versões (completa e reduzidas) e modelos fatoriais, quando aplicado a uma amostra de estudantes universitárias brasileiras. Identificar a contribuição de variáveis laborais, demográficas, sociais e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) para a preocupação com a imagem corporal. Métodos: realizou-se revisão de literatura por meio de levantamento bibliográfico dos trabalhos publicados nos últimos 25 anos (1987-2012) disponíveis na íntegra nas bases de dados Pubmed, Bireme e Scielo. Para as diferentes versões e modelos fatoriais do BSQ, encontrados na literatura, foram estimadas as validades de conteúdo, fatorial, convergente, discriminante, concorrente e divergente. Os itens do instrumento foram avaliados pela sensibilidade psicométrica (medidas de resumo) e pelos pesos fatoriais (λ). A Razão de validade de Conteúdo (RVC) foi computada para estimar a validade de conteúdo. Foi realizada análise fatorial confirmatória e como índices de qualidade do ajustamento utilizou-se a razão qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (2/gl), o Confirmatory Fit Index (CFI), o Normed Fit Index (NFI) e o Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). A validade convergente foi aferida por meio da Variância Extraída Média (VEM) e Confiabilidade Composta (CC). Para verificar a existência de validade discriminante, dos modelos apresentados com mais de um fator, foi utilizado o coeficiente de determinação (r2). As validades concorrente e divergente do BSQ foram estimadas por Análise Correlacional (r) e Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) entre o mesmo e as escalas Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) e Inventário de Burnout de Maslach para estudantes ... / Abstract: Aims: present a theoretical approach on the body image, through literature review, highlighting the body shape concern and the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Estimate the validity, reliability and factorial invariance of the BSQ, in different versions (complete and short) and factorial models, when applied to a sample of Brazilian female university students. Identify the contribution of sociodemographic and labor variables and of the body mass index (BMI) in the concern with body image. Methods: Bibliographic survey of the studies published in the last 25 years (1987-2012) available in full in the databases Pubmed, Bireme e Scielo. To the BSQ's different versions and factorial models, found in the literature, were estimated the validities of content, factorial, convergent, discriminant, concurrent and divergent. The items of the instrument were evaluated by psychometric sensitivity (summary measures) and by factor weights (λ). The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was computed to estimate the content validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and used as goodness-of-fit indices the chi-square by degrees of freedom ratio (2/df), the Comparative Fit Index (CFI), the Normed Fit Index (NFI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was estimated by Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR). To check the discriminant validity of the models presented with more than one factor, the coefficient of determination (r2) was used. Concurrent validity and divergent of the BSQ were estimated by Correlational Analysis (r) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) between the BSQ and the instruments Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students (MBI-SS), respectively. The standardized Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) was calculated to estimate the internal consistency. To check the stability of BSQ's factor solution was ... / Mestre

A avaliação nutricional e o acompanhamento do estado nutricional dos pacientes de uma instituição são fundamentais para o planejamento e avaliação do serviço nutricional oferecido. Dentre os métodos de avaliação, a antropometria é recomendada por ser fácil, rápida e segura para ser empregada. Dentre os dados mais comuns o peso e a altura costumam fundamentar a avaliação do estado nutricional, e fundamentam os cálculos da terapia nutricional e doses farmacológicas. Visto que, tais medidas são difíceis de serem realizadas em pacientes acamados, e que na literatura, as equações sugeridas para estimativa de altura e peso são baseadas em amostras de idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar a adequação destas fórmulas, e desenvolver equações apropriadas, para a população hospitalizada local. A metodologia utilizada para elaboração das equações preditivas foram a antropometria, dobras cutâneas, circunferências, comprimentos; e bioimpedância. Considerando que as formas de estimativa de peso e altura sugeridas na literatura apresentaram diferença significativa das medidas nesta amostra; e visando facilitar a metodologia de estimativa de peso, foram desenvolvidas quatro equações para peso e duas para altura. As novas equações parecem ser apropriadas, sendo a mais simples delas, para estimativa de peso, a equação: Peso (kg) = 0,8956 (circunferência do braço, cm) + 0,3858 (circunferência abdominal, cm) + 1,1180 (circunferência da panturrilha, cm) - 31,759 (r = 0,88 e p> 0,05); e Altura (m) = 83,8750 - 4,3810 (masculino = 2 e feminino = 1) - 0,0872 (idade ,anos) + 1,0840 (meia envergadura, cm), (r = 0,86 e p > 0,05). Sugerimos que estas equações possam ser utilizadas para estimar peso e altura de pacientes acamados. / Anthropometry, including weight and height, is considered as an easy, a fast and a safe procedure for nutritional status evaluation. Body weight (W) and height (H) are both indicators of nutritional status changes and together with others body measurement, is a tool for nutritional therapy and medicine doses prescription. Regarding the impossibility to obtain these measurements from those individuals who cannot stand, formulas to estimate weight and height, based on elderly subjects, have been used for all adults patients. The aim of the current protocol was search, for easily acquired anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance, formulas to estimate weight and height from hospitalized patients. For the construction of predictive equations, anthropometry (skinfold thickness, circumferences, lengths) and bioelectrical impedance analysis were applied. Four equations suggested to estimate body weight, and two for body height the simplest are: W (Kg) = 0,8956 (arm circumference, cm) + 0,3858 (abdominal circumference, cm) + 1,1180 (calf circumference, cm) - 31,759 ( r = 0,88, p > 0,05); and H (m) = 83,8750 - 4,3810 (male = 1 e female = 2) - 0,0872 (age ,year) + 1,0840 (half spread ,cm) (r = 0,86 e p > 0,05). Residuals analysis showed that the error from both formulas was less than 5% (95% range variation). Therefore, when is impossible to get weight or height we suggested the use of those formulas.

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-04T18:10:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Borré, Janine Louise [Dissertação, 2012].pdf: 1877655 bytes, checksum: deb6df08ca09bc63ee3493681591c81a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T18:10:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borré, Janine Louise [Dissertação, 2012].pdf: 1877655 bytes, checksum: deb6df08ca09bc63ee3493681591c81a (MD5) / Uma das novas tendências de dietas da moda é a utilização do complemento alimentar “Ração Humana”, que foi desenvolvida com a proposta inicial de complementar a alimentação. Porém com o passar do tempo começou a ser utilizada no tratamento da obesidade e segundo divulgação da mídia tem se mostrado eficaz. Porém até o momento não há nenhum estudo científico que comprove sua eficácia. A Ração Humana é composta principalmente de soja, linhaça, aveia, quinoa, cacau em pó e guaraná em pó, podendo conter ainda outros ingredientes, porém a composição e proporção dos ingredientes variam de acordo com cada fabricante. O presente estudo teve por objetivos determinar a qualidade nutricional e higiênico-sanitária da Ração Humana e avaliar o efeito de sua utilização sobre o peso corporal, perfil lipídico e glicemia de Rattus novergicus Wistar albinus machos. Foram avaliadas dez diferentes marcas do produto disponíveis no mercado da cidade de Niterói-RJ. A determinação da qualidade nutricional foi realizada através de análises físicas e químicas e a qualidade higiênico-sanitária, através de análises microscópicas e microbiológicas. O ensaio biológico foi desenvolvido com ratos provenientes do Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental (LABNE) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Durante todo o experimento, os animais foram mantidos em gaiolas coletivas de polipropileno, com 4 animais cada, em ambiente com temperatura constante e iluminação. Foram utilizados 42 animais, com 45 dias de vida, dos quais 5 foram sacrificados para se conhecer o estado de saúde dos animais. Os demais foram alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica por um período de 20 dias, com o objetivo de induzir a obesidade para que posteriormente fossem tratados com a Ração Humana e, assim, pudéssemos observar os efeitos do consumo deste complemento sobre o organismo dos animais. Posteriormente, os animais, com 65 dias de vida, foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=8/grupo), e acompanhados por 60 dias: 1) Grupo Controle – C; 2) Grupo Controle com Ração Humana – C+RH; 3) Grupo Hiperlipídica – H e 4) Grupo Hiperlipídica com Ração Humana – H+RH. Os resultados mostraram que todas as marcas apresentam informações nutricionais incorretas, sejam estas relacionadas à composição química e/ou informações de rotulagem. Além disso, todas as marcas analisadas apresentaram a qualidade comprometida, segundo aspectos físicos, microscópico e/ou microbiológico. Com relação ao experimento animal, não foi observada relação do complemento alimentar “Ração Humana” com a redução de peso corporal, a alteração no perfil lipídico ou a glicemia dos animais estudados / One of the new trends of fad diets is the use of the food supplement "Human Race", which was developed with the initial purpose to supplement the diet. However, over time it began to be used in the treatment of obesity and according to the media has been effective, despite the controversy over its use since it is usually associated with a low calorie diet. But so far there is no scientific study that proves its effectiveness. The human race is composed mainly of soybeans, flaxseed, oats, quinoa, cocoa powder and powdered guarana, which may also contain other, but the composition and proportions of ingredients vary according to each manufacturer. The present study aimed at determining the nutricional quality and sanitary conditions of Human Race and evaluating the effect of using on body weight, lipid profile and glucose Rattus norvegicus Albinus Wistar males. The nutritional quality and sanitary conditions of ten different brands of the product on the market at the city of Niterói, RJ were evaluated. The determination of nutritional quality was done through physical and chemical analysis, and sanitary conditions through microscopic and microbiological analysis. The biological assay was developed with rats from the Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition (LABNE) of Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Throughout the experiment, the animals were kept in collective polypropylene cages with four animals each, in an environment with constant temperature and adequate lighting. Were used 42 animals with 45 days of life, 5 of them were sacrificed in order to obtain the health status of animals. The remaining animals were fed with a high-fat diet for a period of 20 days to induce obesity so that they could subsequently be treated with the human race. The following step was to observe the effects of consumption of this supplement on the body of animals. Later in this period, the animals, with 65 days old, were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/grupo), and followed for 60 days: 1) Group Control – C; 2) Group Control with Human Race – C + RH; 3) Group Hyperlipidic – H and 4) Group Hyperlipidic with Human Race – RH + H (n = 8). The results showed that all brands have incorrect nutritional information, whether related to chemical composition or labeling information. Moreover, all of the brands tested had compromised the quality of the product - physically, microscopically and microbiologically. With respect to the animal experiment, there was no relationship between the food supplement "Human Race" with the reduction of body weight, the change in lipid profile or glucose levels studied

Objective: To examine whether weight history and weight transitions over adult lifespan contribute to physical impairment among postmenopausal women. Design: BMI categories were calculated among postmenopausal women who reported their weight and height at age 18 years. Multiple-variable logistic regression was used to determine the association between BMI at age 18 years and BMI transitions over adulthood on severe physical impairment (SPI), defined as scoring <60 on the Physical Functioning subscale of the Rand thirty-six-item Short-Form Health Survey. Setting: Participants were part of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI OS), where participants' health was followed over time via questionnaires and clinical assessments. Subjects: Postmenopausal women (n 76 016; mean age 635 (sd 73) years). Results: Women with overweight (BMI=250-299 kg/m(2)) or obesity (BMI = 300 kg/m(2)) at 18 years had greater odds (OR (95 % CI)) of SPI (151 (135, 169) and 214 (172, 265), respectively) than normal-weight (BMI=185-249 kg/m(2)) counterparts. Transitions from normal weight to overweight/obese or to underweight (BMI<185 kg/m(2)) were associated with greater odds of SPI (197 (184, 211) and 135 (106, 171), respectively) compared with weight stability. Shifting from underweight to overweight/obese also had increased odds of SPI (152 (111, 209)). Overweight/obese to normal BMI transitions resulted in a reduced SPI odds (052 (039, 071)). Conclusions: Higher weight history and transitions into higher weight classes were associated with higher likelihood of SPI, while transitioning into lower weight classes for those with overweight/obesity was protective among postmenopausal women.

It is the aim of this study to elucidate the influence of progesterone on body weight regulation in intact female rats. A study of the literature includes a description of the body weight regulation and the effects of ovarian hormones on it. The controlled-system approach tries to link behavioral and physiological factors altering energy balance. The experimental study is subdivided into food-intake - and food-selection studies, a locomotor activity study, a study eliciting a possible role of thermogenesis, and finally rat liver studies which consist of a gas chromatography analysis of hepatic fatty acids and an electron microscopy study examining the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. It can be concluded that the effect of progesterone treatment on the body weight of intact female rats depends on the route of administration. There is a significant increase in body weight after subcutaneous progesterone injections without changes in total caloric intake and nutrient selection habits, indicating the importance of energy expenditure. But changes in spontaneous activity make no contribution in the progesterone-induced energy storage. It is also concluded that peripherally located brown adipose tissue thermogenesis is not changed, without ruling out the effect of more centrally located thermogenic organs as the liver. In this organ, small but significant changes in the fatty acid profile occur during the subcutaneous progesterone treatment.

In light of the limited and conflicting experimental data on food intake, body weight change and body energy metabolism following single-dose or long-term cocaine administration, the purpose of the present study was to further evaluate the dose-dependent acute and chronic (27 day) effects of two dose levels of cocaine on the following questions: i) Does chronic cocaine administration decrease food consumption and weight gain?; ii) To what extent does acute or chronic cocaine administration alter body carbohydrate stores (liver and skeletal muscle glycogen content)?; and iii). To what extent does acute or chronic cocaine administration affect plasma glucose and free fatty acid levels and thus hepatic glycogenolysis and adipose tissue lipolysis?