Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13840号 / 工博第2944号 / 新制||工||1435(附属図書館) / 26056 / UT51-2008-C756 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 榊 茂好, 教授 川﨑 昌博, 教授 田中 庸裕 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

There is an increasing interest in the life outcomes of youth that are exposed to community violence. Previous research has found that community violence has a direct effect on youth development. It has also shown that there are economic costs for communities that have high levels of community violence. Thus far, the literature on youth in these areas has focused on protective factors such as school connectedness, family connectedness, religion and positive life outcomes. There is little research on the affects of mentoring on life outcomes for individuals that were exposed to community violence during adolescence. This study explores mentoring as a mediating variable that promotes positive life outcomes by analyzing data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health studies. A nested multiple regression model was used to evaluate the data. The results show that individuals with mentors are more likely to be civically engaged during young adulthood.

The importance of control in information system development (ISD) project has been widely emphasized. However, most studies focused on formal control and relative few efforts haven been entered to understand the effect of information control. In addition for those studies focus on informal control only viewed this issue from team level perspective. Drawing on the limitations of past studies, this study attempted to query possible antecedents of clan control effectiveness from aspect of the social control theory. In particular, we focus on the effects of personal beliefs, project commitment, team attachment and involvement on the compliance of individuals on group norm. We hypothesized that social bonds lead to compliance as well as extra-role behaviors for individuals within project team. Based on survey data collected from 205 members of ISD project teams. The results confirmed the hypothesized relationship between social bonds and compliance. The analysis also reveals that three factors, including personal beliefs, project commitment, and involvement are associated with external-role behavior. The results of this study can not only serve as a reference for future researches but also generate implications for practitioners.

A drug abuse and all problems associated with it, affects not only the abuser him-/herself but the people surrounding that person as well. This study aimed to qualitatively investigate in detail the role and experiences of six relatives to a drug abuser in the city of Sundsvall. The study looked through the use of the theoretical framework of Travis Hirschi´s Social bond theory how the social bonds were affected. The use of open-ended interviews got stories of the development and reciprocal impact of a drug problem. Four main themes of the role and experiences of relatives to a drug abuser were identified using thematic analysis. The four key themes identified, including several sub-themes, were (a) Characteristics of relative's early experiences, (b) Negative consequences, (c) Role and reactions of relatives and (d) Frustration. The experiences and impact of having a child/sibling abusing narcotics was varied and highly personal but the four themes were emphasised as being significant and shared in the narrative of the majority of participants. The result of the analysis showed a profound negative impact on the relatives of the drug abuser on several levels, as well as roles of great sacrifices that were hypothesized to impact the abuser. These negative consequences did in turn affect the social bonds within the family, leading to stress, friction and in some cases disrupted bonds. The four main themes were connected to each other, presenting a multi-faceted impact on- and role of relatives. The answers attained were in line with earlier studies on the topic, illustrating profound negative effects and therefore the use of the term: secondary victims were considered appropriate in this context. / <p>2017-06-01</p>

In the search for a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source, artificial photosynthesis has been proposed  as a promising solution. Using water as a substrate, solar energy can be utilised to store energy in the chemical form of hydrogen fuel. In part of this global scientific effort, this thesis work focuses on enabling molecular dynamics simulations of a particular set of ruthenium centred  water oxidation catalysts. The new catalysts show great success because of a binuclear  reaction  pathway in aqueous solution which makes it very interesting to model and investigate. Utilising quantum  mechanical tools, a set of molecular mechanics force field parameters for Ru-involved bonds, angles, torsions, and partial charges was successfully obtained and examined. The work allows future large scale simulation of water  oxidation and oxygen evolution in order to gain understanding and improve artificial photosynthesis.

Juvenile delinquency is considered a serious problem and there are a number of risk factors that in various combinations are associated with a risk of involvement in criminal behavior among young people. The problem calls for measures, measures that influence attitudes and behaviors that reduce the propensity to commit crimes. Sports have many advantages, but can it prevent crimes? The purpose of this study was to study youth leaders' perceptions of sports as crime prevention for young people, based on the theory of social bonds. We conducted eight individual, semi-structured, digital interviews with youth leaders of several years experience from leading youths in sports, using a deductive approach. We analyzed the data with theoretical thematic analysis and identified the four elements of the social bond theory as themes. The result was presented accordingly. In the youth leaders’ perceptions, sport is a commitment in which youths invest time and energy (involvement) and which contributes to an attachment to people, which in length strengthens youths’ belief that society's rules are legitimate. According to the youth leaders, sport can strengthen the social bonds and thus prevent crime among young people. However, it is necessary that the adults, particularly the youth leaders, ensure that the sport is an environment that promotes prosocial attitudes and values. / <p>2022-01-31</p>

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