published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Microbiology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008. / "May 2008." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MTech (Medical Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2002 / Erythropoietic response is the first indication of bone marrow recovery following bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Manual reticulocyte counting has not only proven to be outdated but an extremely crude method of analysis, particularly if accurate and reliable means of assessing erythroid response is required to assess bone marrow recovery. Automated methods allow for the quantification of maturation within each reticulocyte, by measuring the amount of RNA present. The method of choice for our reticulocyte analysis was the Reticulocyte Maturation Index (RMI). The RMI was obtained by dividing the number of immature reticulocytes counted by the total number of reticulocytes counted producing a reportable value of International Units (IU). A normal Reticulocyte Maturation Index is 0.20 to 0.50 IU. The aim of the study was multifold. We wanted to prove that the Reticulocyte Maturation Index (RMI) is indeed the fastest means to assess bone marrow recovery in various types of transplants, including Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant (PBSCT). We also wanted to draw comparisons between allogeneic and autologous transplants, as well as further assessing different disease types. This was done by measuring the Reticulocyte Maturation Index (RMI), Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANe) and the Platelet Count (PLT) within the various groups. We further wanted to assess the effect of preconditioning treatment, Mononuclear Counts (MNC) and Colony Forming Unit - Granulocyte and Monocyte Counts (CFU-GM) on the early RMI response. These comparisons resulted in a need to establish a working range to determine patients response therein, and final outcome of the transplants. Finally we wanted to establish whether the "day 14" marrow biopsy is necessary, particularly if the three peripheral blood parameters, RMI, ANC and PLT were used as routine procedure following transplantation. The Reticulocyte Maturation Index (RMI) was measured on the Coulter EPICS ProfIle II flow cytometer; the ANC and PLT were measured on the Technicon H2 Haematology System. All other results such as the Mononuclear Counts (MNC), Colony Forming Unit - Granulocyte and Monocyte counts (CFU-GM), "day 14" and "day 28" bone marrow biopsies were retrieved from laboratory records. Forty nine transplant patients were evaluated for RMI over a period of six months, at the Department of Haematology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. Four patients failed to engraft; and were not used in the calculations; but were evaluated as an aspect of the study in the final analysis. Forty five patients were analysed to establish the values used in the study, these patients were divided into eleven groups.

Trata-se de uma pesquisa que utilizou a revisão integrativa da literatura que objetivou as possíveis intervenções de enfermagem para os familiares de clientes transplantados de medula óssea. Realizou-se a busca de artigos e teses nas bases de dados eletrônicas Lilacs e Medline (período de 01/01/1990 a 05/05/2005), utilizando-se as palavras: “bmt” e “family” e “bone marrow transplantation” e “family” respectivamente. Foram identificadas duas publicações no Lilacs, sendo que apenas uma foi pertinente ao tema proposto e 807 publicações no Medline, das quais apenas 24 abordavam o tema proposto, a amostra foi constituída por 25 publicações. Para análise dos artigos utilizou-se um instrumento para identificação das características dos artigos, níveis de evidências, delineamento da pesquisa, características da crise familiar, fatores que influenciam a habilidade das famílias para enfrentar e se adaptar a uma crise e, por fim, intervenções de enfermagem propostas. Foi utilizado o modelo de crise proposto por Hill e Hansen que classifica a crise em quatro categorias: características do evento, ameaças percebidas, avaliação dos recursos da família e experiência passada em crises. Os resultados mostraram que 96% dos artigos foram obtidos do Medline, sendo que 12 (48%) artigos foram desenvolvidos por enfermeiros e os demais por outros profissionais. Em relação ao tipo de revista, 36% dos artigos foram publicados em periódicos específicos de enfermagem, sendo que 72% provém dos EUA, 16% da Grécia, Canadá, Polônia e Brasil (distribuídos igualmente) e 12% não foi possível identificar a procedência. As evidências clínicas variaram entre os níveis 4(64%), 5 (4%) e 6 (28%), e mostraram a importância da comunicação efetiva e clara entre os membros familiares, equipe e paciente para minimizar a ansiedade e depressão; que os tipos específicos de família, suas características, coesão, poucos conflitos, orientações culturais e intelectuais e ênfase religiosa promovem maior suporte emocional aos mesmos e que os grupos de apoio e redes de apoio minimizam a ansiedade, angústia e a depressão vivenciada pelo paciente e sua família. Quanto às intervenções percebe-se que a maioria está voltada para os aspectos psicológicos e sociais, sendo relevantes a ação do enfermeiro nas propostas de estratégias de enfrentamento para o familiar e o paciente frente às diversas fases do TMO. As intervenções propostas na literatura vão ao encontro das sugeridas pela NIC para os diagnósticos de enfermagem “processos familiares interrompidos e enfrentamento familiar comprometido”; em especial o suporte emocional (64%), suporte familiar (36%), redução da ansiedade (28%), grupo de apoio (32%), melhora do enfrentamento (40%) e assistência quanto aos recursos financeiros (24%). Apreende-se que outras intervenções sugeridas pela NIC poderão ser desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros. / This study presents an integrative literature review of possible nursing interventions for family members of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. We looked for articles and theses in the electronic databases Lilacs and Medline (from 01/01/1990 to 05/05/2005), using the following keywords: “bmt” and “family” and “bone marrow transplantation” and “family” respectively. Two publications were identified in Lilacs, one of which was relevant for the proposed subject, against 807 publications in Medline, 24 of which dealt with the proposed theme. Thus, the sample consisted of 25 publications. In the analysis, we used an instrument to identify the articles’ characteristics, levels of evidence, research design, family crisis characteristics, factors influencing the families’ ability to deal with and adapt to a crisis and, finally, proposed nursing interventions. The crisis model by Hill and Hansen was used, which classifies a crisis into 4 categories: event characteristics, perceived threats, family resources and past crisis experience. The results evidenced that 96% of the articles came from Medline, 12 (48%) of which were developed by nurses and the remainder by other professionals. What the type of journal is concerned, 36% of the articles were published in specific nursing periodicals, 72% of which were from the USA, 16% from Greece, Canada, Poland and Brazil (equal distribution) and, for 12%, the origin could not be identified. Clinical evidence varied between levels 4 (64%), 5 (4%) and 6 (28%) and demonstrated the importance of effective and clear communication between family members, team and patient with a view to minimizing anxiety and depression; that specific family types, their characteristics, cohesion, few conflicts, cultural and intellectual orientations and religious emphasis provide greater emotional support and that support groups and networks minimize the anxiety, anguish and depression patients and relatives experience. Most interventions are aimed at psychological and social aspects. Nursing actions are relevant in strategies proposed for family members and patients to cope with the different phases of BMT. The interventions proposed in literature are in accordance with suggested NIC interventions for the nursing diagnoses “interrupted family processes and compromised family coping”; especially emotional support (64%), family support (36%), anxiety reduction (28%), support group (32%), improved coping (40%) and financial aid (24%). We believe that nurses can develop other NIC interventions.

Orientador: Maria Leticia Cintra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pimentel_VanessaNascimento_M.pdf: 2864833 bytes, checksum: 3ee9e69bb5f58fae7867132642bdf6e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O líquen plano oral (LPO) e o acometimento oral da doença do enxerto contra o hospedeiro crônica (DECHc) apresentam características clínicas e histológicas semelhantes, apesar da etiologia distinta. A apoptose, induzida por linfócitos T citotóxicos, tem sido proposta como o tipo de morte dos ceratinocitos, em ambas as doenças. A citotoxidade celular é mediada, dentre outros mecanismos, por grânulos contendo granzima B e perforina. Poucos trabalhos foram desenvolvidos demonstrando o papel destas moléculas no líquen plano; dentre estes, alguns estudaram a interação das células que expressam estas moléculas com os demais componentes do infiltrado. Contudo, há raros estudos sobre este tema na DECHc. Considerando que as características em comum podem refletir similaridades nos mecanismos imunológicos, o objetivo do nosso estudo foi correlacionar os achados morfológicos e imuno-histoquímicos do LPO e da DECHc oral, na tentativa de compreender melhor a patogênese destas doenças. Foram analisadas 29 amostras de LPO e 27 de DECHc oral, coletadas no período de 1994 a 2007, de pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas e na Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea da UNICAMP. Novos cortes foram corados por H&E e pela técnica imuno-histoquímica para CD4, CD8, MAC 387, ICAM-1, granzima B e perforina. O número de células CD4-positivas foi estatisticamente maior no LPO do que na DECHc (p<0,0001), enquanto as médias totais (do epitélio + do tecido conjuntivo) de células positivas para granzima B e perforina foram maiores na DECHc que no LPO (p<0,05). Foi observado também que, quanto maior o número de células perforina+, maior era o número de células granzima B+, tanto no epitélio como no tecido conjuntivo, nos dois grupos de doenças (p<0,05). No LPO, o número de corpos apoptóticos isolados mostrou uma correlação positiva com a granzima B e negativa com a perforina do tecido conjuntivo (p<0,01). Inversamente, nas lesões orais da DECHc, o número de corpos apoptóticos agrupados apresentou uma correlação positiva com a perforina do tecido conjuntivo. Não houve diferença entre o LPO e a DECHc oral com relação ao número de corpos apoptóticos (isolados ou agrupados), nem quanto à extensão da degeneração hidrópica da camada basal, e nem mesmo com relação ao número de células imunomarcadas para CD8, ICAM-1 e MAC 387. Estes achados indicam que a apoptose, no LPO, parece correlacionar-se com a ação da granzima B, enquanto que, na DECHc oral, a perforina parece ser mais atuante. Embora o LPO e a DECHc oral apresentem similaridades clínicas e histológicas, parece haver diferenças na patogênese destas doenças. Os resultados encontrados podem ser úteis para aprimorar a compreensão dos mecanismos imunológicos, bem como podem embasar o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas para o controle da apoptose e redução da morbidade associada a estas doenças. / Abstract: Oral lesions in lichen planus (OLP) and chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) have similar clinical and histological features, but distinct etiology. Apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte has been proposed as the form of keratinocytes death. The cell cytotoxicity is mediated, among other mechanisms, by granules containing granzyme B and perforin. Few studies have been published showing the role of those molecules in lichen planus, as well as their relationship with other inflammatory infiltrate components. However, rare works were reported about this theme in cGVHD. Since common features can reflect similarities in immunological mechanisms, the purpose of our study was to correlate the morphological and immunohistochemical findings of OLP and cGVHD to better understand the pathogenesis of these diseases. We analyzed 29 samples of OLP and 27 of oral cGVHD collected in the period between 1994 and 2007, from patients treated at the University Hospital and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of UNICAMP. Additional sections were obtained and stained for H&E and immunohistochemical technique targeting CD4, CD8, MAC 387, ICAM-1, perforin and granzyme B. The number of CD4-positive cells number was significantly higher in OLP than in cGVHD (p<0,0001), while the total means (epithelium plus connective tissue number) of the granzyme B- and perforin-positive cells were significantly higher in cGVHD (p<0,05). Also, it was found that the higher the number of perforin+ cells, the higher the number of granzyme-B + cells in the epithelium and in the connective tissue for both groups (p<0.05). In OLP, the number of single apoptotic bodies had a positive correlation with connective tissue granzyme B immunostaining and a negative correlation with perforin (p<0.01). On the contrary, in oral cGVHD, the number of apoptotic body clusters presented a positive correlation with connective tissue perforin (p<0.01). Our findings indicate that apoptosis in OLP seems to be correlated with granzyme B release, while in oral cGVHD, perforin seems to be more important. There were no significant differences between OLP and cGVHD oral regarding the following features: the amount of apoptotic bodies (isolated o clusters), the extension of hydropic basal cell degeneration, and the number of positive cells for CD8, ICAM-1 and MAC-387. These results indicate that apoptosis, in OLP, seems to correlate with granzyme B release while, in oral cGVHD, perforin is preponderant. Although OLP and oral cGVHD present clinical and histological similarities, differences seem to exist in the athogenesis of these diseases. Our results might help to better understand the immunological mechanisms of these two conditions, as well as supporting the development of new therapeutic strategies for controlling apoptosis and reducing morbidity associated with them. / Mestrado / Anatomia Patologica / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Orientador: Afonso Celso Vigorito / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ClarissaVasconcellosde_M.pdf: 2809498 bytes, checksum: ac6c5e1a4f9ab38a684ec0a6a1a664a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O procedimento de transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas (TCTH) pode causar perdas funcionais que dificultam atividades diárias que requeiram habilidades físicas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar a função dos pacientes pré e após o TCTH utilizando uma avaliação em ambiente ambulatorial. De novembro de 2008 a Novembro de 2010, 50 pacientes, 29 (58%) mulheres, mediana de idade de 48 anos (24-67), foram arrolados no estudo. A coleta foi realizada pré e pós TCTH alogênico ou autólogo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o teste de caminhada de 2 minutos (TC2M), saturação de oxigênio (SatO2), freqüência cardíaca (FC) e escala modificada de Borg (EMB) antes e depois do TC2M para avaliação da performance da marcha, teste de força de preensão (TFP) para avaliação de força muscular, teste de Schober (TS) para avaliação de mobilidade de coluna lombar e escala máxima e adaptada de atividade (EMA e EAA) do questionário Perfil de Atividade Humana (PAH) para avaliação da função física. Cinqüenta pacientes foram avaliados pré TCTH; 6 não foram submetidos ao TCTH; 3 morreram previamente, 1 se recusou e 2 foram excluídos. Quarenta e quatro de 50 (88%) foram submetidos ao TCTH, 21 alogênicos e 23 autólogos. Trinta e três de 44 (75%) pacientes foram submetidos à ambas as avaliações, 11/44 (25%) pacientes não foram submetidos: 9 morreram e 2 foram excluídos. Entre os grupos que foram submetidos às duas avaliações, achamos valores estatisticamente menores na avaliação pós para TC2M (p= 0,004), TFP para mão direita e esquerda (p= 0,004 e < 0,0001), TS, EMA e EAA (p< 0,0001); e valores maiores para FC (p= 0,01) antes do TC2M e SatO2 (p= 0,02) após o TC2M. Também encontramos diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos de pacientes autólogo e alogênico nas variáveis Hemoglobina (Hb), EMA (p= 0,002) e EAA (p= 0,008) no pós TCTH. Estas diferenças indicam um decréscimo no condicionamento aeróbico antes do stress físico, redução da performance da marcha, da força muscular, da flexibilidade da coluna e na função em atividades de vida diária no pós TCTH, mostrando perdas físicas nesta população. Ademais, o prejuízo funcional e físico foi mais severo nos pacientes submetidos ao procedimento alogênico no pós TCTH. Concluindo, o entendimento da intensidade e a especificidade dessas perdas físicas podem ajudar a conduzir melhor um programa de reabilitação no pós TCTH / Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) procedure may cause functional losses that impair daily tasks that require physical skills. Our aim was to evaluate function of patients pre and post HSCT using an assessment in outpatient basis. From November 2008 to November 2010, 50 patients, 29 (58%) female, median age 48 years (24-67), were enrolled in the study. Collection was performed pre and post autologous or allogeneic HSCT. Instruments were 2 minutes walking test (2MWT), oxygen saturation (Sa02), heart rate (HR) and Borg Scale (BS) before and after 2MWT for gate performance evaluation; Grip Strength (GS) for strength evaluation, Schober Test (ST) for spine mobility testing and maximum and adapted activity score (MAS and AAS) of Human Activity Profile (HAP) questionnaire for function role evaluation. Fifty patients were evaluated pre HSCT; 6 did not undergo HSCT; 3 died, 1 refused, and two were excluded. Forty four out of 50 (88%) underwent HSCT, 21 allogeneic, 23 autologous. Thirty three out of 44 (75%) patients performed both evaluations, 11/44 (25%) patients did not: 9 died and 2 were excluded. Among groups who performed both evaluations, we found significant lower values in the post evaluation for 2MWT (p= 0.004), GS for right and left hand (p= 0.004 and <0.0001 respectively), ST, MAS and AAS (p< 0.0001); and higher HR (p= 0.01) before 2MWT and Sa02 (p=0.02) after 2MWT. We also found statistically differences between allogeneic and autologous groups of patients for hemoglobin (Hb), MAS (p= 0.002) and AAS (p= 0.008) variables on post HSCT. Those differences indicate decrease on aerobic conditioning before physical stress, decline of gate performance, hand strength, spine flexibility and on function role on daily activities post HSCT, showing physical losses in this population. Moreover, functional and physical prejudice was more severe in patients that underwent allogeneic procedure on post HSCT. In conclusion a better understanding of intensity and specificity of those physical losses may help to conduct a better rehabilitation program on post HSCT period / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Nutritional support for bone marrow transplant recipients is recognized as vital, yet little research has occured to determine the best method. This study was designed to survey existing food and nutrition services in bone marrow transplant centers in the U.S. in order to determine similarities in the services provided among centers from which a model protocol could be established for such centers. A survey instrument was developed and sent to all chief dietitians associated with BMT centers in the U.S, listed the International Bone Marrow registry, 1982. Items on the questionnaire included: background information on size and organization, nature of foodservice, and nutrition support services. The research suggested that there was a trend away from sterile food service. Problems encountered in establishing the food and nutrition services included: availability of single-serve sterile foods, standardization of recipes, and palatability of autoclaved foods. Four centers switched from sterile diets to either low bacteria diets or modified house diets at some point in their operation. Patient related services of the registered dietitian were most concentrated on admission and during critical care monitoring. Near all respondents indicated a desire to form a network for developing standards for services provided. Many differences between centers still remain which prevent the development of a model center.