Thalassaemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) are the most widely distributed blood genetic disorders that occur at a high frequency in some populations including the Mediterranean region, parts of the Middle East, South East Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It is estimated that thalassaemia major affects 100,000 newborn every year world-wide. The high incidence of these chronic haemolytic diseases in developing countries poses a high load on the national economy because of the expensive treatment protocols and the considerably high morbidity rates of these patients. Repeated blood transfusion to keep haemoglobin above an acceptable level requires well-equipped blood banks with expensive facilities to screen, store and manipulate blood and blood products. Iron chelation therapy is an essential part of treatment to avoid or delay the deleterious effects of iron overload on different organs including the liver, heart, pancreas and endocrine glands. This inquires injecting deferoxamine subcutaneously for 12 hours daily with a special pump. Both deferoxamine and pumps are expensive and therefore not accessible for all patients. In developing countries, the majority of transfusion-dependent patients with chronic haemolytic anaemia (thalassaemia and SCD) suffer from the consequences of sub-optimal treatment. The mortality rate is still high and usually patients die before the age of 30 years. They also suffer from chronic multi-organ damage including cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, growth and pubertal failure and many skeletal abnormalities and fractures. In developed countries the introduction of high transfusion regimes and efficient chelation therapy improved survival rates and prevented cardiac and hepatic damage. However, a majority of thalassaemic patients still have significant growth and pubertal abnormalities, bone disease and multiple endocrine disorders. In Egypt the incidence of thalassaemia major ranges between 0.1 - 0.2% which gives very high patient load on the medical services. In our University of Alexandria Children's Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt. The Haematology clinic has an average of 150 thalassaemic children registered. The same problem is encountered by me in the Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman, with high prevalence of SCD and thalassaemia and suboptimal treatment. Because of the restricted economic resources, both hospitals adopt a low transfusion therapy (to keep haemoglobin above 9 g/dl) with IM chelation 3 times per week. With this form of sub-optimal treatment we observed that a large number of our thalassaemic children have severe growth and pubertal failure/delay, beside other hepatic, cardiac and skeletal abnormalities. In fact they constitute 40% of patients attending our Endocrinology clinic. This stimulated me to perform an extensive study to survey growth and pubertal development in theses patients (study-1) and investigate the different factors that might affect their growth and pubertal development (studies 4 through 10) a \veU as bone mass density (studies > 1,12). The frequent involvement of the liver in these patients led us to study some hepatic functions and the prevalence of transfusion-associated hepatitis B surface antigenaemia and hepatitis-C virus antibody scropositivity in relation to their linear growth (studies 2,3). We studied the nutritional intake of these patients, their intestinal absorption of D-Xylosc and 48-h stool fat content in relation to their body mass index, subcutaneous 'at thickness and mid-arm circumference (studies 4,5,9). Their defective linear growth urged us to investigate their growth hormone (GH) secretion (spontaneous nocturnal as well as after provocation) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGK-binding protein-3 (IGKBl'3) concentrations. Our findings demonstrated high prevalence of defective GH secretion in these children that necessitated imaging of their hypothalamic pituitary area. Imaging studies revealed original data about structural abnormalities in the anterior pituitary gland, different degrees of pituitary atrophy and empty sella and infiltration the gland as well as the mid-brain by hacniosidrin in thalassaemic children, the mechanism of these findings was explained (studies 4-6,10). Because of their slow growth, the presence of abnormal GH/IGF-I/BP3 axis, and structural abnormalities of the pituitary gland, the next step dealt with the response of IGF-I to exogenous GH and the clinical response of their linear growth to GH therapy for a year or more (studies 4,9). Based on the fact that these patients have high prevalence of bone pains and osteoporosis during late childhood and have high risk of spontaneous fracture thereafter, we measured their bone mass density to investigate the relation between the former and the degree of iron load, growth parameters, and different anabolic hormone concentrations in these patients (studies 11,12).

An alarming reduction in the numbers of several species of seals in the Baltic Sea was observed during the second half of the 1900s. Organochlorines, particularly PCBs, were found to cause the decline, inducing sterility and severe bone loss. If bone tissue is affected by PCBs, bone could be used as a biomarker for exposure to environmental contaminants. To isolate the effects of PCBs from other factors, experimental studies have been conducted on model species, such as mink. In this study, 58 mink femurs from three different treatment groups and one control group were analysed. Altogether 14 different parameters were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Mink treated with a low dose of PCBs develop increased content, area and thickness of cortical bone. Mink treated with a high dose of PCBs do not show the same effects but have a cortical area similar to that of non-exposed animals. The trabecular density and content is increased in all groups that have been exposed to PCBs. The observed effects may be the result of dioxin-like PCBs binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The activation of AhR leads to disruptions in endocrine systems, that in turn impacts bone modelling and remodelling. However, other pathways cannot be ruled out, including the effects of non-dioxin-like PCBs. Further analyses are needed in order to fully understand how PCBs affect bone tissue properties.

Introduction: The topic of this thesis is the Prevention of Osteoporosis in Malabsorption Syndrome. The thesis is divided into two parts; theoretical and practical. The theoretical work in the first part deals with osteoporosis and osteoporosis risk factors with a focus on nutritional factors. Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease of the skeleton characterised by decreased bone mass and changes in the quality of bone tissue. The etiology of osteoporosis is multifactorial. Malabsorption syndrome causes the small intestine, which is essential for absorbing nutrients, to malfunction. In the second part of the theoretical work, attention is paid to malabsorption syndrome and diseases that lead to its development. Objective: The objective of this work is to draw a comparison between the intake of calcium and other important nutrients in relation to bone metabolism for people with lactose intolerance, and compare this with recommended values and a control group of people without lactose intolerance. Methods: Dietary habits were evaluated using a questionnaire method and a detailed analysis of a four-day diet. The Nutriservis Professional programme was used to evaluate diets (determine energy values, amount of essential nutrients, fibre, calcium, plus other minerals and vitamins). Bone mineral...

Menopause transition is usually associated with changes in body composition and a decrease in physical activity energy expenditure. Adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, is an important source of inflammatory markers, which contributes to the development of a pro-inflammatory state. Conversely, high levels of physical activity and exercise have an anti-inflammatory effect. One-hundred and two healthy premenopausal women participated in a 5-year longitudinal observational study (MONET: Montreal Ottawa New Emerging Team). The present secondary analyses were performed on 58 participants between the ages of 47 and 54 years with a full set of data.The aim of study was to investigate the impact of menopause transition and physical activity on inflammatory makers. The major finding of the first of 3 studies was that menopausal transition is accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers, namely ferritin, IL-8, and sTNFR 1 and 2. The increase in IL-8 and sTNFR2 with menopause could be explained, in part, by changes in fat mass and peripheral fat, respectively. During and after menopause, significant bone loss occurs in women due to reduced estrogen production. Estrogen reduction favors bone resorption by regulating the production and activity of inflammatory markers. Therefore we further investigated the association between inflammatory markers and bone mineral density in premenopausal women transitioning to menopause (paper 2). Our results showed no significant association between change in inflammatory markers and change in bone mineral density in women transitioning to menopause. However, in premenopausal women hs-CRP was negatively associated with total, lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density and along with weight and cardiorespiratory fitness may play a role in bone mineral density variation. Baseline level of hs-CRP, Hp, IL-6 and femoral neck bone mineral density along with percent change in physical activity energy expenditure and menopausal status partly explained the individual variation of bone mineral density losses in women transitioning to menopause. Finally, we investigated time spent in the postmenopausal years and the influence of the duration of the postmenopause status on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. We indicated that postmenopausal years and years since menopause is associated with decrease in blood glucose and increase in waist circumference, percent fat mass, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein. Inflammatory markers including ApoB, ferritin, adiponectin, sCD14 were higher during years after final menstrual period while sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were higher during the menopause transition and early postmenopausal years.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:12:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tayar_g_me_sjrp.pdf: 647193 bytes, checksum: c93976b0eb63a8369134ef80302ad964 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A osteoporose é uma doença metabólica, que se caracteriza por baixa massa e deterioração do tecido ósseo, conduzindo à fragilidade do osso com conseqüente aumento do risco de fraturas. O início da doença é influenciado por uma complexa interação entre fatores genéticos e ambientais, que pode afetar diferentemente os indivíduos. Por essa razão, faz-se necessário o estudo dos polimorfismos dos genes associados ao metabolismo ósseo, como os do Receptor para Vitamina D (VDR) e da Apolipoproteína E (APOE), além dos envolvidos no biometabolismo de agentes ambientais, como as Glutatião-S-Transferases (GSTs). Foram estudados 53 pacientes, homens e mulheres, com osteoporose e ou osteopenia, pareados por sexo e faixa etária com um grupo controle. O DNA foi extraído de leucócitos de sangue periférico e amplificado por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Os polimorfismos GSTM1 e GSTT1 foram analisados em gel de agarose 2%, enquanto os da APOE e VDR foram submetidos à restrição enzimática com as enzimas Hha I e Fok I, respectivamente, seguido da análise em gel de poliacrilamida 6%, corados com brometo de etídeo e visualizados em luz UV. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada, utilizando-se o teste t, teste de Fisher, a regressão multivariada e o teste de equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg. O genótipo nulo (0/0) de GSTM1 mostrou-se significantemente mais freqüente nos pacientes (64,1%) comparado ao dos controles (37,7%; P= 0,00112). Por outro lado, pacientes e controles não diferiram quanto à presença (+/+) e ausência (0/0) do gene GSTT1 (P=0,5328). A distribuição genotípica do polimorfismo VDR – Fok I revelou freqüência significantemente aumentada do genótipo ff nos pacientes (22,6%; P=0,0078). Para o gene da APOE, o alelo e3 foi significantemente mais freqüente nos controles (0,85; P=0,0431), enquanto... / Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by low body mass and bone deterioration, leading to bone fragility with the consequent increase of fractures risk. The disease onset is influenced by a complex interaction between genetic, and environment factors that can affect differently the individuals’ response. Therefore, the study of polymorphisms regarding the genes involved in bone metabolism is of upgrade necessity, such as the Vitamin D Receptor gene (VDR), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), besides the genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, it means, the Glutathion-S-Transferases (GSTs). We have studied 53 patients, men and women, with osteoporosis and/or osteopenia, matched by gender and age with a control group. The DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes and amplified through Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR). GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms were analyzed in 2% agarose gel, while APOE, and VDR had been submitted to enzymatic restriction with Hha I and Fok I enzymes, respectively, followed by the analysis in 6% polyacrilamide gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light. The statistic analysis was carried on using test t, test of Fisher, the multi-varied regression and the test of Hardy-Weinberg balance. The GSTM1 null genotype (0/0) was significantly more frequent in patients (64.1%) compared to the controls (37.7%; P= 0.00112). On the other hand, patients, and controls did not differ concerning the presence (++) and absence (0/0) of GSTT1 gene (P=0.5328). The genotypic distribution of VDR –Fok I polymorphism showed a significantly increased frequency of the genotype ff in patients (22.6%; P=0.0078). For the APOE, the allele e3 was significantly more frequent in controls (0.85; P=0.0431), while the allele e4 was in patients (0.20; P=0.0075). The genotype...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação de calcificação da aorta abdominal (CAA) com marcadores do metabolismo ósseo: densidade mineral óssea (DMO), dados laboratoriais (cálcio, fósforo, 25OH-vitamina D, PTH) e clínicos em uma população brasileira de idosos. Este foi um estudo de corte transversal onde foram incluídos 815 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. Os dados demográficos e de estilo de vida, bem como os parâmetros clínicos que identificam os fatores de risco para osteoporose e calcificação vascular foram obtidos por um questionário padronizado. Densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e parâmetros laboratoriais foram avaliados em todos os indivíduos. Foram realizadas radiografias de coluna lombar para a análise de calcificação da aorta abdominal nos segmentos correspondentes às vértebras L1 a L4. Para cada segmento lombar foi dada uma pontuação de 0-3 para as paredes anterior e posterior, com um escore máximo de 24 pontos (Kaupilla et al., 1997). Resultados: 63,2% dos idosos apresentavam algum grau de CAA, com um escore médio de 4,68 5,88. Analisando as variáveis contínuas observamos que o escore de CAA foi correlacionado diretamente à idade, fósforo sérico, LDL-colesterol (LDL-C), triglicérides e inversamente ao índice de massa corpórea (IMC), DMO do colo do fêmur e DMO do fêmur total (p<0,05). Em relação às variáveis binárias o escore de CAA foi associado à história de fraturas prévias por fragilidade, baixa atividade física, quedas no último ano, tabagismo atual e hipertensão arterial (p<0,05). A análise de regressão linear múltipla demonstrou que o escore de CAA foi diretamente relacionado à idade (p<0,001), tabagismo atual (p<0,001), hipertensão arterial (p=0,002), LDL-C (p=0,05), triglicérides (p=0,002), fósforo sérico (p=0,005) e inversamente associado à DMO de fêmur total (p<0,001). Um aumento no escore de CAA foi observado com a elevação dos níveis séricos de fósforo [ 2,4mg/dL: escore de CAA = 1,9 (DP: 3,9); 2,5-3,5mg/dL: escore de CAA = 4,5 (DP: 5,6) e > 3,5mg/dL : escore de CAA = 5,3 (SD: 6,3) p=0,003]. Este estudo demonstrou que, além dos fatores de risco clássicos para doença cardiovascular (HAS, tabagismo e lípides), o fósforo sérico e a DMO do fêmur total foram fatores de risco adicionais ao complexo processo de calcificação vascular em idosos da comunidade / The aim of this study was to analyze abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and its possible association with bone mineral density (BMD) as well as the clinical and laboratory data. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between 2005 to 2007, with a population-based sample of older men and women living in Brazil. Eight hundred and fifteen subjects 65 years old were studied. The risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, demographic data and lifestyle characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. BMD was measured by DXA. Kauppilas method was used to quantify the AAC score (AACS) by spine X-rays. Laboratory analyses were also performed. AAC was observed in 63.2% of subjects with a mean AACS of 4.68 (5.88). AACS was directly correlated with age, phosphorus, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and inversely correlated with body mass index, femoral neck BMD and total femur BMD (p<0.05). Regarding binary variables, the AACS was associated with previous fragility fractures, current smoking, low physical activity, falls and arterial hypertension (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that the AACS was positively associated with age (p<0.001), current smoking (p<0.001), arterial hypertension (p=0.002), LDL-C (p=0.05), triglycerides (p=0.002), phosphate (p=0.005) and negatively associated with total femur BMD (p<0.001). An increased of AACS was observed with the elevation of serum phosphorus levels [ 2.4mg/dL: AACS=1.9 (SD:3.9); 2.5-3.5mg/dL: AACS=4.5 (SD:5.6) and > 3.5mg/dL: AACS=5.3 (SD:6.3), p=0.003]. Our study identified serum phosphate and hip BMD as additional players in the complex process of vascular calcification outside the setting of kidney failure in community-dwelling older population and extended the previous observations of well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 jimenez_kn_me_jabo.pdf: 515004 bytes, checksum: f2a422c1aff0119672b3277727a42eb5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Considerando-se a falta de informações sobre a morfologia óssea da mão de ovinos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos anatômicos e biométricos da mão de 14 ovinos, machos castrados, da raça Santa Inês como também investigar os valores densitométricos do metacarpo destes animais de diferentes idades. Para isso dissecou-se 14 mãos do membro torácico desses animais, para realização da descrição morfológica após a aplicação da técnica de maceração. A Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) do metacarpo foi determinada por meio da técnica de densitometria em imagens radiográficas, após a obtenção dos raios X dos animais vivos aos 12°, 13°, 14° e 15° meses de idade. Para a obtenção das medidas da DMO foi utilizado um software computacional Pró Plus, Média Cybernetics, versão 4.1. Após as análises morfológicas e biométricas das mãos pode-se verificar a semelhança das estruturas ósseas da mão dos ovinos com os bovinos, levando-se em conta o porte médio desta espécie. Além disso, foi observado que os valores densitométricos permaneceram estáveis no decorrer do período experimental. Diante disto sugere-se uma avaliação densitométrica por um período de tempo maior do que foi utilizado neste estudo / Considering few information of bone morphology in sheep hand, this study aimed to describe the anatomy and biometric of the hand of 14 sheep, castrated male, Santa Inês also investigate the densitometric values of metacarpus in animals of different ages. For this 14 hands was dissect of the thoracic limb of these animals to the morphological description after applying the technique of maceration and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the metacarpal was determined using the technique of optical densitometry in radiographic images. To measure BMD it was used computer software Pró Plus, Media Cybernetics, version 4.1. After the morphological and biometric hands analyses was verify the similarity of the bony hand of sheep with cattle, taking into account the medium size of this species. Furthermore, it was observed that the bone mineral density values remained stable during the experimental period, it is suggested valuation for a longer period than realized in this study

Orientador: Tamara Beres Lederer Goldberg / Banca: Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahás / Banca: Lilia Freire Rodrigues de Souza-Li. / Resumo: A osteoporose é uma doença que desperta grande interesse nos órgãos de saúde pública pois, a partir dos 50 anos de idade, 30% das mulheres e 13% dos homens sofrerão algum tipo de fratura, dela resultante. Esta incidência tende a quadruplicar nos próximos 50 anos, em virtude do aumento da expectativa de vida. A incidência de fraturas osteoporóticas está intimamente relacionada a massa óssea do indivíduo, dependente tanto da velocidade de perda que ocorre durante a vida, quanto da quantidade de tecido ósseo presente ao final da puberdade e início da vida adulta. O melhor método para avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de adolescentes é a densitometria óssea realizada pelo método de absorciometria por dupla emissão de Raios X (DXA). Sua técnica propicia uma análise altamente precisa, com baixa exposição à radiação, sendo adequada para avaliação da população pediátrica. A compreensão do processo de mineralização óssea que ocorre na infância e adolescência permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a prevenção precoce da osteoporose. Se o ganho de massa óssea puder ser otimizado durante a puberdade, é provável que os adultos e os idosos estejam menos susceptíveis às complicações da osteoporose. Avaliar a densidade mineral óssea de adolescentes do sexo feminino, observando seus valores para cada uma das faixas etárias e determinar o comportamento da DMO dessas adolescentes, em função da faixa etária, da maturação esquelética e dos caracteres sexuais secundários, avaliados pelo desenvolvimento mamário. 58 adolescentes saudáveis, do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 9 a 20 anos incompletos, residentes no município de Botucatu-SP, foram avaliadas quanto a ingestão de cálcio, peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), estágio puberal de mamas, maturação esquelética e densidade mineral óssea. A massa... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Osteoporosis is a disease that attracts great interest from public health agencies, since, as from their fifties, 30% of women and 13% of men will suffer some type of fracture resulting from it. Such incidence tends to become fourfold in the next 50 years due to the increase in life expectancy. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is closely related to the individual's bone mass, depending on both the speed of loss, which occurs during one's lifetime, and the amount of bone tissue existing in late puberty and early adulthood. The best method to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents is bone densitometry performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), as its technique provides a highly accurate analysis, with low exposure to radiation. It is also adequate for evaluating the pediatric population. Understanding the bone mineralization process that occurs in childhood and adolescence enables the development of strategies for early osteoporosis prevention. If bone mass gain can be optimized in puberty, it is likely that adults and older persons will be less susceptible to complications stemming from osteoporosis. To evaluate BMD in female adolescents by observing its values for each age range and to determine the behavior of such adolescents' BMD, in function of their age range, as well as of their skeletal maturity and secondary sexual characteristics as evaluated by breast development. Fifty-eight healthy female adolescents aged 9 to 20 incomplete years and residing in the city of Botucatu-SP were evaluated as regards calcium intake, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage of breasts, skeletal maturity and BMD. Body mass was measured by means of bone densitometry (DEXA) performed in the lumbar regions of the spine, proximal femur and total body. Calcium intake was estimated by a non-consecutive three-day food record... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_mrm_me_botfm.pdf: 215081 bytes, checksum: 2a596ef7138e12621ed26e380288c486 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A osteoporose é uma doença que desperta grande interesse nos órgãos de saúde pública pois, a partir dos 50 anos de idade, 30% das mulheres e 13% dos homens sofrerão algum tipo de fratura, dela resultante. Esta incidência tende a quadruplicar nos próximos 50 anos, em virtude do aumento da expectativa de vida. A incidência de fraturas osteoporóticas está intimamente relacionada a massa óssea do indivíduo, dependente tanto da velocidade de perda que ocorre durante a vida, quanto da quantidade de tecido ósseo presente ao final da puberdade e início da vida adulta. O melhor método para avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) de adolescentes é a densitometria óssea realizada pelo método de absorciometria por dupla emissão de Raios X (DXA). Sua técnica propicia uma análise altamente precisa, com baixa exposição à radiação, sendo adequada para avaliação da população pediátrica. A compreensão do processo de mineralização óssea que ocorre na infância e adolescência permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias para a prevenção precoce da osteoporose. Se o ganho de massa óssea puder ser otimizado durante a puberdade, é provável que os adultos e os idosos estejam menos susceptíveis às complicações da osteoporose. Avaliar a densidade mineral óssea de adolescentes do sexo feminino, observando seus valores para cada uma das faixas etárias e determinar o comportamento da DMO dessas adolescentes, em função da faixa etária, da maturação esquelética e dos caracteres sexuais secundários, avaliados pelo desenvolvimento mamário. 58 adolescentes saudáveis, do sexo feminino, na faixa etária de 9 a 20 anos incompletos, residentes no município de Botucatu-SP, foram avaliadas quanto a ingestão de cálcio, peso, estatura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), estágio puberal de mamas, maturação esquelética e densidade mineral óssea. A massa... / Osteoporosis is a disease that attracts great interest from public health agencies, since, as from their fifties, 30% of women and 13% of men will suffer some type of fracture resulting from it. Such incidence tends to become fourfold in the next 50 years due to the increase in life expectancy. The incidence of osteoporotic fractures is closely related to the individual’s bone mass, depending on both the speed of loss, which occurs during one’s lifetime, and the amount of bone tissue existing in late puberty and early adulthood. The best method to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents is bone densitometry performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), as its technique provides a highly accurate analysis, with low exposure to radiation. It is also adequate for evaluating the pediatric population. Understanding the bone mineralization process that occurs in childhood and adolescence enables the development of strategies for early osteoporosis prevention. If bone mass gain can be optimized in puberty, it is likely that adults and older persons will be less susceptible to complications stemming from osteoporosis. To evaluate BMD in female adolescents by observing its values for each age range and to determine the behavior of such adolescents’ BMD, in function of their age range, as well as of their skeletal maturity and secondary sexual characteristics as evaluated by breast development. Fifty-eight healthy female adolescents aged 9 to 20 incomplete years and residing in the city of Botucatu-SP were evaluated as regards calcium intake, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage of breasts, skeletal maturity and BMD. Body mass was measured by means of bone densitometry (DEXA) performed in the lumbar regions of the spine, proximal femur and total body. Calcium intake was estimated by a non-consecutive three-day food record... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Introdução: A osteoporose requer estratégias para prevenir sua progressão, garantindo melhores condições de vida aos pacientes. Padrões alimentares fornecem informações sobre a influência da dieta global, contribuindo para o cuidado desses indivíduos. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o padrão alimentar e a densidade mineral óssea de mulheres menopausadas com osteoporose. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal com 156 mulheres (> 45 anos), atendidas em ambulatório da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO; g/cm2) da coluna (CL), fêmur total (FT), colo do fêmur (CF) e corpo total (CT) foram obtidas por absorciometria de feixe duplo. Peso (kg), estatura (m), Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC; kg/m2), gordura corporal (g), massa magra (g) e informações sobre os hábitos de vida também foram obtidos. A dieta foi avaliada por registro alimentar de 3 dias. Os padrões alimentares (PA) foram derivados via análise fatorial por componentes principais a partir de 13 grupos de alimentos. Utilizou-se regressão linear múltipla ajustada para ingestão energética e de cálcio, idade, tempo de menopausa e massa magra. Também foi conduzida ANOVA Two-way para avaliar a associação integrada dos PA com o IMC sobre a DMO, seguida de regressão linear estratificada pelas categorias de IMC. Adotou-se significância de 5 por cento . Resultados: Obteve-se 5 PA: 1) Saudável (frutas, hortaliças, tubérculos e raízes); 2) Carne vermelha e cereais refinados; 3) Laticínios magros; 4) Doces, café e chás; e 5) Ocidental (sucos artificiais, refrigerantes, snacks, pizzas, tortas e gorduras). O padrão Doces, café e chás foi inversamente associado à DMO do FT ( = -0.178; CI 95 por cento : -0.039 - -0.000) e à DMO do CT ( = -0,320; CI 95 por cento : -0,059 - -0,017). O padrão Saudável apresentou associação positiva com a DMO do FT entre as mulheres com IMC normal ( = 0,251; CI 95 por cento : 0,002 0,056). Conclusão: Uma dieta com elevada ingestão de doces, café e chás teve associação negativa com a DMO do fêmur e corpo total, enquanto o PA Saudável foi positivamente associado à DMO do fêmur entre aquelas com IMC normal. / Introduction: Osteoporosis claims for strategies to preventing disease progression, ensuring a better quality of life to patients. Dietary patterns could provide information about the influence of overall diet on osteoporosis treatment, contributing to osteoporotic care. Objective: To investigate the association between dietary patterns and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 156 postmenopausal osteoporotic women, over 45 y, attended in an outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Bone Mineral Density (BMD; g/cm2) of Lumbar Spine (LS), Total Femur (TF), Femoral Neck (FN), and Total Body (TB) were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Weight (kg), height (m), Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2), body fat (g), lean mass (g) and lifestyle information were also assessed. Dietary intake was evaluated using a 3-day food diary. Dietary patterns were obtained by principal component factor in the 13 previously formed food groups. Adjusted linear regression analysis was applied in order to evaluate the predict effect of dietary patterns on BMD. Two-way ANOVA was used to investigate the association between dietary patterns and BMI with BMD, followed by a linear regression model stratified by BMI categories. Significance level was set as 5 per cent . Results: Five patterns were retained: 1) Healthy (vegetables, fruits, tubers, and tuberous roots); 2) Red meat and refined cereals; 3) Low-fat dairy; 4) Sweets, coffee and tea; and 5) Western (fats, snacks, pizzas, pies, soft drinks, and fruit drinks). The Sweets, coffee, and tea pattern was inversely associated with TF BMD ( = -0.178; CI 95 per cent : -0.039 - -0.000) and with TB BMD ( = -0.320; CI 95 per cent : -0.059 - -0.017), whereas the Healthy pattern was positively associated with TF BMD only among those who were in the normal BMI category ( = 0.251; CI 95 per cent : 0.002 0.056). Conclusions: A diet with higher intake of Sweets, coffee, and tea was a negatively associated with TF and TB BMD, whereas a Healthy pattern showed a positive association with TF BMD among the women with normal BMI.